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1、加拿大兽医学Stillwatersrundeep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深Wherethereislife,thereishope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望Prepared by:作者简介n韩特博士韩特博士 nTerry D. Hunt B.Sc DVMn1974 年毕业于萨斯克通大学兽医学院年毕业于萨斯克通大学兽医学院nGraduated from WCVM 1974n混合型动物诊所经理混合型动物诊所经理nFormer Owner/Manager of Mixed Animal Veterinary Practicen兽医顾问兽医顾问nVeterinary Consultan
2、tn加拿大兽医协会前理事长加拿大兽医协会前理事长nFormer President of CVMA2讨论内容讨论内容Topics of Discussionn加拿大兽医从业人数加拿大兽医从业人数nDemographics of Veterinarians in Canadan兽医教育兽医教育nVeterinary Education in Canadan兽医法规兽医法规nRegulation of Veterinarians in Canadan从业类型从业类型nTypes of Practice in Canada4 加拿大兽医教育加拿大兽医教育 Veterinary Education i
3、n Canada (DVM)n兽医学位前预科教育兽医学位前预科教育Pre-veterinary Degree n4年兽医学位课程年兽医学位课程(兽医博士兽医博士)Four year veterinary degree Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM)5 加拿大兽医教育加拿大兽医教育 Veterinary Education in Canada (DVM)n加拿大有四所兽医学院加拿大有四所兽医学院Four Veterinary Colleges in Canadawww.usask.ca/wcvm/www.ovc.uoguelph.ca/www.medvet
4、.umontreal.ca/www.upei.ca/avc/n2007年开始招生的新兽医学院年开始招生的新兽医学院New vet college to open in 2007www.vet.ucalgary.ca/6 加拿大兽医教育加拿大兽医教育 Veterinary Education in Canada n专业学科研究生专业学科研究生Post graduate degrees with species and/or discipline specializationn临床实习临床实习Internships or residencies in clinical specialtiesn研究
5、生毕业证书，硕士和博士学位研究生毕业证书，硕士和博士学位Post-graduate diplomas, masters or PhD in disciplines (Pathology or Epidemiology for example)n要求每年进行再教育延续从业许可证要求每年进行再教育延续从业许可证Requirements for yearly continuing education to maintain licensure7动物健康技术毕业证书动物健康技术毕业证书ANIMAL HEALTH TECHNOLOGYDIPLOMAn中学毕业后中学毕业后2-3年证书教育年证书教育Eith
6、er a two or three year post secondary diploma n课程设置需经加拿大兽医协会批准和认证课程设置需经加拿大兽医协会批准和认证Curriculum is approved and accredited by the CVMAn在兽医的指导下工作在兽医的指导下工作Work under the direct supervision of a veterinariann兽医法规定了其工作范围兽医法规定了其工作范围Scope of work limited by veterinary actn不能从事诊断和手术不能从事诊断和手术No diagnosis and
7、no surgerywww.oldscollege.cawww.nait.ca/programs/AHT/www.me.rrc.mb.ca/www.vaniercollege.qc.ca/www.tru.ca/calendar/current/8兽医许可证和规章制度兽医许可证和规章制度Licensure and Regulation of Veterinariansn加拿大兽医许可证和制度由省级兽医协加拿大兽医许可证和制度由省级兽医协会颁发和制定会颁发和制定Licensure and Regulation of veterinarians in Canada is the responsibi
8、lity of provincial associations/boardsn动物健康技术员的制度服从省兽医法动物健康技术员的制度服从省兽医法Regulation of AHTs is under the Provincial Veterinary Actswww.avma.ab.ca/www.avma.ab.ca/AAAHT/13 兽医许可证和规章制度兽医许可证和规章制度Licensure and Regulation of Veterinariansn申请兽医许可证的人员必须通过被认可申请兽医许可证的人员必须通过被认可的兽医学院的兽医学院A级和级和B 级的考试级的考试Candidates
9、must have graduated from an accredited veterinary college and obtained a passing grade in Parts A & B of the NEBn省上负责继续教育和从业检查省上负责继续教育和从业检查Provincial requirements for Continuing Education and Practice Inspection14 阿尔伯塔省的兽医协会阿尔伯塔省的兽医协会Alberta Veterinary Medical Association兽医从业范围由兽医法确定兽医从业范围由兽医法确定Scop
10、e of Veterinary Practice defined by Veterinary Professions Act省级立法省级立法Provincial Legislation兽医资格认证兽医资格认证Defines Veterinary Qualifications15 阿尔伯塔省的兽医协会阿尔伯塔省的兽医协会Alberta Veterinary Medical Association保护公众保护公众Protects the Public确定兽医职责确定兽医职责Regulates what veterinarians can do职责罢免（如人工授精、修蹄等）职责罢免（如人工授精、修蹄
11、等）Exemptions under the act (e.g. AI, hoof trimming)16民间兽医协会民间兽医协会Self Interest Veterinary Associationsn加拿大兽医协会加拿大兽医协会nCanadian Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA)n有八个省加入兽医协会有八个省加入兽医协会nMandatory membership in 8 of 10 provincesn协会成员有省级、学院和学生代表协会成员有省级、学院和学生代表nProvincial, College and Student represent
12、ation on C contdn宣传兽医宣传兽医nPromote Veterinarians to the Publicn与政府沟通与政府沟通nLobby Governmentsn动物健康和社会福利动物健康和社会福利nAnimal Care & Welfare Concernsn提供继续教育和会员服务提供继续教育和会员服务nOffer Continuing Education & Membership Services18其他兽医民间组织其他兽医民间组织Other Veterinary Self-Interest Groupsn自愿加入自愿加入Voluntary Membershipn职业发
13、展和继续教育职业发展和继续教育Professional Development and Continuing Educationn游说政府游说政府Lobby Governments 19其他兽医民间组织其他兽医民间组织Other Veterinary Self-Interest Groups n未来计划未来计划Forward Planningn美洲牛兽医协会美洲牛兽医协会American Assoc Bovine Practitioners (AABP)n美洲动物健康协会美洲动物健康协会American Animal Health Assoc (AAHA)n世界兽医协会世界兽医协会World
14、Veterinary Association (WVA)20加拿大的兽医从业加拿大的兽医从业Veterinary Practice in Canadan私人兽医私人兽医Private Practicen政府兽医政府兽医Government Practicen企业兽医企业兽医Industrial Practicen学术性兽医学术性兽医Academic Practice21私人兽医私人兽医Private Practicen从事小动物、大动物和大小动物的私人从事小动物、大动物和大小动物的私人业主或被私人雇佣业主或被私人雇佣 Owners/employees of privately owned sm
15、all-animal, large animal and mixed-animal practicen由畜主付服务费由畜主付服务费Services are paid for by the clientn由其从事技术活动的省级机构办法从业由其从事技术活动的省级机构办法从业资格证书资格证书Must be licensed in the province which they practice22私人兽医私人兽医Private Practicen收取服务费或依据合同收费收取服务费或依据合同收费Work on a fee for service or contract basisn通过销售兽药和疫苗取
16、得收入通过销售兽药和疫苗取得收入Income is also generated from the sale of veterinary drugs and vaccinesn如果被政府聘用，可以得到部分费用如果被政府聘用，可以得到部分费用If employed, may receive profit share or portion of fee23政府兽医政府兽医Government Practicen政府雇佣的兽医政府雇佣的兽医Government employed veterinarians n加拿大食品检验署支付工资和管理加拿大食品检验署支付工资和管理Work is regulato
17、ry and paid by the government (CFIA)n必须满足省级从业许可的要求必须满足省级从业许可的要求Must meet the criteria for provincial licensure n隶属于工会隶属于工会, 工资水平由职业类型工资水平由职业类型, 工作职责和资历决定工作职责和资历决定Belong to a union and pay scale determined by classification, job responsibility and seniorityn有很好的福利待遇有很好的福利待遇Good benefit packages 24政府兽
18、医政府兽医Government Practicen联邦政府（加拿大食品检验署）联邦政府（加拿大食品检验署）Federal (Canadian Food Inspection Agency)n肉类卫生肉类卫生 Meat hygienen动物健康动物健康 Animal Healthn进出口草案和监管进出口草案和监管 Import/Export Protocols & Supervisionn诊断实验室诊断实验室Diagnostic labsn研究研究 Research 25认证的兽医认证的兽医Accredited Veterinariansn自我聘用的兽医自我聘用的兽医Privately empl
19、oyed veterinariansn由加拿大食品检验署按照特定考试和程序认证由加拿大食品检验署按照特定考试和程序认证Accredited by CFIA to carry out specific tests or proceduresn加拿大食品检验署负责认证加拿大食品检验署负责认证,但不能颁发从业许可证但不能颁发从业许可证CFIA controls the accreditation but does not issue the licence to practicen加拿大食品检验署负责认证工作的监督和质量加拿大食品检验署负责认证工作的监督和质量CFIA maintains “over
20、sight” and is responsible to ensure the quality of the accredited work26认证的兽医认证的兽医Accredited Veterinariansn认证兽医提供服务收费由生产者支付认证兽医提供服务收费由生产者支付Fees charged by the accredited veterinarian are paid for by the producer n在在”国家性灾难国家性灾难”发生时发生时, 加拿大食品检验署与认证兽加拿大食品检验署与认证兽医签定服务合同医签定服务合同In times of “National Disas
21、ter” accredited veterinarians may be contracted by CFIA27政府兽医政府兽医Government Practice n省政府省政府Provincialn诊断实验室诊断实验室nDiagnostic Laboratoriesn动物保健计划动物保健计划nAnimal Health Programs 28企业兽医企业兽医Industrial Practicen为私人工业工作如制药公司为私人工业工作如制药公司Work for private industry such as pharmaceuticals companiesn参与研究和开发、田间试验
22、和市场参与研究和开发、田间试验和市场Involved with research and development, field trials and marketingn经常在外地工作经常在外地工作Much time spent away from home29学术性兽医学术性兽医Academic Practicen由大学或其他教育机构雇佣由大学或其他教育机构雇佣Usually employed by a University or other educational institutionn以教学为主同时参与实践和研究以教学为主同时参与实践和研究Most often a teaching p
23、osition which might also include practice and researchn以合同的形式工作以合同的形式工作May work under contract30先锋兽医服务先锋兽医服务Pioneer Veterinary Servicesn私营的混合动物诊所私营的混合动物诊所Private Mixed Animal n专业化的诊所专业化的诊所Specialization within the practicen工作分担、随叫随到工作分担、随叫随到Share work load and on calln四个全日制兽医四个全日制兽医Four full time ve
24、terinariansn购买专门的设备购买专门的设备Purchase of specialized equipment31先锋兽医服务先锋兽医服务Pioneer Veterinary Servicesn主要进行与生产有关的兽医程序主要进行与生产有关的兽医程序Most of time spent on Production Related Veterinary Procedures繁殖率与怀孕检查繁殖率与怀孕检查Fertility and pregnancy examination疾病与乳房炎防治计划疾病与乳房炎防治计划Disease & Mastitis Prevention Programs
25、公牛评定公牛评定Bull evaluation3233343536兽医的未来兽医的未来 Future of Veterinary Medicinen更多的私人从业者更多的私人从业者More veterinarians employed in Private Practicen食品动物兽医在食品安全方面扮演重要角色食品动物兽医在食品安全方面扮演重要角色Food animal veterinarians play a very important role in ensuring safe foodn肉类卫生肉类卫生Meat hygiene n寄生虫病寄生虫病Zoonosesn动物健康动物健康An
26、imal Healthn兽医全球化兽医全球化 Globalization37社区兽医服务社区兽医服务Community Based Veterinary Servicesn增加非兽医人员提供兽医服务的作用增加非兽医人员提供兽医服务的作用Increased role of non-veterinarians in deliver of veterinary servicesn动物健康技术员动物健康技术员 Animal health technologistsn动物健康学士学位人员动物健康学士学位人员 Animal health bachelor degreen非兽医博士允许从事兽医工作非兽医博士
27、允许从事兽医工作, 但必须在兽医博士的指导下进行但必须在兽医博士的指导下进行Non DVMs allowed to practice veterinary medicine under the supervision of a DVM38其他层面兽医服务的带来的好处其他层面兽医服务的带来的好处Benefits of Another level of Veterinary Servicen允许首义博士致力于更复杂的兽医问题允许首义博士致力于更复杂的兽医问题Would allow DVM to concentrate on more complicated veterinary mattersn服
28、务收费可能更低服务收费可能更低, 由于教育成本降低由于教育成本降低Fee for service might be less because less cost of educationn在兽医博士的监督下确保服务质量在兽医博士的监督下确保服务质量Level of service would still be assured by supervising veterinarian39其他层面兽医服务的带来的好处其他层面兽医服务的带来的好处Benefits of Another level of Veterinary Servicen允许从业兽医开发更系统性的技术服务允许从业兽医开发更系统性的技
29、术服务Might allow the practice to develop a more holistic delivery of services n营养营养 Nutritionn疾病预防疾病预防 Disease preventionn人道处理和运输人道处理和运输 Humane handling/transportn疫病监测疫病监测 Disease surveillance40制约因素制约因素Constraintsn兽医法限制了非兽医人员的作用兽医法限制了非兽医人员的作用At this time, Veterinary acts limit the role of non-veterinariansn兽医博士兽医博士(DVM )逐渐成为管理者逐渐成为管理者, 而不再只是兽医服务而不再只是兽医服务的提供者的提供者may become more a manager of people and the practice and less a provider/deliver of veterinary service4142
