Unit ThreeUnit ThreeWhy I Teach?我为什么教书？我为什么教书？ Before Reading_1.1Before Reading_1.1DiscussionWork in pairs and try to figure out the occupations of the people in the pictures.What do you want to be?doctorpilotscientistbutcherdirectorengineerbusinessmanteachersalesman Warm-up Questions 1.What do you want to do after graduation? 2.Would you like to be a teacher? Why or why not?Joys: freedom, change, challenge, achievement, feeling young and fulfilled, respect, long vacations, etcFrustrations: low pay, constant challenges, heavy load academic pressure, lack of understanding from students, etc. The reasons I teach•Long vacation (opportunity to do what I enjoy, like reading, research)•Feeling young and fulfilled•Sense of achievement before the text•probably : perhaps, presumably•time and again: 屡次，常常•outweigh: be more important or valuable than sth. else•比…重（在重量上）；比…重要；比…有价值 The benefits of this treatment far outweigh any risks.outdo: do better than: 超过，胜过The nine-year-old outdo all his siblings.九岁的孩子胜过了他的兄弟姐妹。
outgrow: too old to sth: 长大而不再适合…I have outgrown the age of playing toy.我已经超过了玩玩具的年龄She outgrew her dress. Para. one1. What is the goal most Americans are taught to aim for in their life?2. Deos the author want the same as most Americans do?3. Why was the author’s friend puzzled?4. What does the expression “step up” mean? Para One•administrative ；step-up •administrative [əd‘mɪnɪstretɪv] adj. 管理的，行政的 He holds an administrative post in the company. hold a post: 任职 administrate v. 管理；经营 administration n. 管理，行政 administrator n. 管理人员，行政人员 •My friend asked the question when I told him that I didn’t want to be considered for an administrative position.•T:•当我朋友为我为什么教书时，我告诉他是因为我不想考虑做管理类的工作。
•step-up: promotion, 递升的，递进的 •Analyze:•He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “step-up” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.•主句？•He was puzzled 主系表结构•that 引导的宾语从句•I didn’t want what was…: what 引导want 的宾语从句 •toward what all Americans are taught to want … •what 引导的是toward 介词后面的宾语从句，want 的宾语•money and power : 解释说明 •T:•所有的美国人受的教育是长大成人后应该追求金钱和权力，而我却偏偏不要明明是朝着这个目标“迈进”的工作，他为之大惑不解 Para 2•mechanic; carpenter; sweaty ; palm; profession; stay up; convince•Certainly, I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me.•如何理解？•A. 我不教书，是因为教书对我来说很简单。
•B. 我教书，不是因为我觉得教书轻松 "I don't teach because teaching is easy for me."在形式上允许两种语义的解释：在形式上允许两种语义的解释：•1）I don't teach because teaching is easy for me. (Teaching is easy for me, so I don't teach.)•2) I don't teach because teaching is easy for me. ( I teach, but it isn't because teaching is easy for me.) not … because… 结构结构not一般修饰一般修饰because,但也可修饰但也可修饰not后面的后面的内容视上下文而定视上下文而定For examples：：I don’t take fast food because I like it; I have got to save time. Bob was not here because he lost his way.I don’t love you because of your wealth. •Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer. •mechanic: [mə‘kænɪk] n. 机械工，机修工•carpenter: [‘kɑrpəntɚ] n. 木匠 •attempt to do sth: try to do sth difficult•尝试做某事 •earn one’s living: 谋生 = make a living •我尝试着以写作谋生。
•I try to earn my living by writing.•I try to make a living by selling clothes. •For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession.•sweat: [swɛt] 汗水 (n&v)•drip with sweat •sweaty: adj. 流汗的，出汗的•sweaty palm •sweaty workout•palm [pɑm] palm : 手掌手掌palm : 棕榈树棕榈树 金棕榈奖： •sinking-stomach: •Here, “stomach” means “spirit, heart”. A person’s stomach sinks when he is upset, disappointed.•精神沮丧的 •profession:n. 职业•A profession is a type of job that requires advanced education or training.•occupation:泛指各种各样的职业•professional a. 职业的 by profession 以……为职业 He is a lawyer by profession. •Red-eye, because I never feel ready to teach no matter how late I stay up preparing. •stay up: 熬夜•I used to stay up to watch TV.•我熬夜写作业。
•I stay up to do my homework.•T:•说熬红眼睛，这是因为我晚上无论备课备到多晚，总觉得备得还不充分• no matter+疑问词：引导让步状语从句 •Sinking-stomach, because I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than usual.•convince:[kən‘vɪns] vt. 说服；使确信，使信服 convince sb of sth 使某人确信 convince sb that convince sb to do 说服某人做某事How can I convince you of her honesty?Her smile convinced him that she was happy.I’ve been trying to convince him to come with me. convinced: adj. 确信的，坚信的be convinced of 确信be convinced that I am convinced of his guilt. I was convinced that we were doing theright thing.convincing: adj. 令令人人信信服服的的，，有有说说服服力力的的a convincing speaker 令人信服的演说家令人信服的演说家 convinced convinced 引导的是过去分词短语，作伴引导的是过去分词短语，作伴随状语随状语。
More Examples:The student left the classroom, disappointed at the teacher’s decision.The mother couldn’t eat or sleep, worried about her son’s safety. More practice on P 57. Para 3•compel [kəm‘pɛl] v. 强迫，迫使•强迫某人做某事？•compel sb to do sth= force sb to do sth•Nothing can compel me to do such a thing.•take a note: 记笔记 •Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share. •T:•我之所以教书，也不是因为我认为自己能够解答问题，或者因为我有满腹学问，觉得非与别人分享不可 Para 5•I teach because I like the pace of the academic calendar. June, July, and August offer an opportunity for reflection, research, and writing.•pace [peɪs] 步法，步调•keep pace with: 保持同步，跟上步法•Education should keep pace with the changes of the society. •calendar:[‘kæləndɚ] 日历•阴历：lunar calendar•阳历：solar calendar•reflection: 反思•reflection is careful thought about a particular subject. •V. reflect 深思，考虑深思，考虑 reflect on/upon I must reflect upon how to answer that question. Para 6•stimulate [‘stɪmjə’let] 刺激；激励，鼓舞•The teacher’s praise stimulated Tom to study even harder.•老师的表扬鼓励着汤姆更加努力地学习。
•Exercise stimulates the circulation of blood.•锻炼刺激血液循环 Learn a lesson: 吸取教训freshman n. 大一学生sophomore['sɑfəmɔr] n. 大二学生junior n. 大三学生senior n大四学生 •I teach because teaching is a profession built on change. build on: base on; use as a base for further developmentAll research builds on work by previous reseachers.Her conclusion is built on a careful analysis of current international affairs. Even if I use the same textbook I have usebefore, I always teach in a different way as I may have new ideas about the subject.Each year I have new students who are different from the ones I have taught before and therefore I have to change my way of teaching according to meet their needs. Para 8•I teach because I like to ask questions that students must struggle to answer. •T：•我教书，是因为我喜欢向学生提出必须绞尽脑汁才能回答的问题。
•The world is full of right answers to bad questions. •What does “bad questions” refer to? It refers to careless questions or simple questions that every student can answer easily without difficulty. T： 我我们们这这个个世世界界有有无无穷穷无无尽尽的的正正确确答答案案来对付拙劣的问题来对付拙劣的问题 Para 9•I teach because I enjoy finding ways of getting myself and my students out of the ivory tower and into the real world. •ivory [‘aɪvəri] n. 象牙；乳白色 Ivory TowerIvory Tower是根据圣经圣经《旧约雅歌旧约雅歌》（the Old Testament, song of songs）里，睿智富有的以色列睿智富有的以色列王所罗门（王所罗门（Solomon）曾诗歌）曾诗歌1005首，其中首，其中《《雅雅歌歌》》都是爱情之歌。
在第五首歌中，新郎是都是爱情之歌在第五首歌中，新郎是这样赞美新娘的，“…Your neck is like an ivory tower.”Institutions like universities and colleges are often referred to as “ivory towers” where professors and their students engage in pursuits that are disconnected from the practical concerns of everyday life . •T：•我教书，是因为我喜欢想方设法使自己和我的学生从象牙塔里走出来，步入现实世界 •I once taught a course called "Self-Reliance in a Technological Society." •Reliance:[rɪ‘laɪəns] 信赖；信心；依靠•self-reliance:自力更生•rely: 依赖，依靠 rely on•注意：dependence 是依靠的意思• independence是独立，不依靠 •technological adj. [tɛknə‘lɑdʒɪkl] 技术的，工艺的•We are living in an era of rapid techonological change.•我们生活在一个科技快速变化的时代。
•technology n. 技术•科学技术： science and technology Para 10•But we also set up a corporation, borrowed money, purchased a run-down house and practiced self-reliance by renovating it. •corporation:[,kɔrpə‘reʃən] 有限公司•multinational corporation: 跨国公司•set up a corporation: 建立一个公司 •Run-down adj. 破败的，衰弱的•Renovate [‘rɛnəvet] restore old buildings,oil paintings to a former ,better state 修复，修整 •T:•但除此而外，我们还办起一个公司，借钱买下一所破旧的房屋，通过对这一建筑物的整修翻新，我们就自力更生这一课题进行了一次实践活动 •distribute: [dɪ‘strɪbjut] vt. 分配；散布；分开•分发，分配•The organiztion distributed food and blankets to the earthquake victims.•The newspaper is distributed free.•People there often complain that wealth is not evenly distributed in their society.•distribute the profit: 分发利益——分红•distribute sth to/ among sb•把…分给某人，或在某些人之间分… •At the end of the semester, we sold the house, repaid our loan, paid our taxes, and distributed the profits among the group.•repay:归还，偿还•to repay a debt/loan•我将下个星期偿还欠他们的钱。
•I will repay the money I owe them next week. •So teaching gives me pace, and variety, and challenge, and the opportunity to keep on learning.•give me pace means 给了我步调，即让我的生活有了规律•variety: state of varying 变化的状态•My job lacks variety; I am doig the same things all the time. •My first doctoral student, Vicky was an energetic student who labored at her dissertation on a little-known 14th century poet. •doctoral:[‘dɒkt(ə)r(ə)l] adj. 博士的；博士学位的；有博士学位的 •doctoral degree•master degree•bachelor degree--- bachelor of engineering•electric automatization[ɔ,tɑmətɪ‘zeʃən] •电气自动化 •energetic:[,ɛnɚ‘dʒɛtɪk] adj. 精力充沛的；积极的；有力的•energy n. ['ɛnɚdʒi]•n.能量；精力；活力；精神 •dissertation [‘dɪsɚ’teʃən] n. 论文，学位论文•doctoral disseration 博士论文•academic disseration 学术论文 •labor at sth: 苦干某件事情•就什么内容，关于什么 用介词： on•T:•维基是我的第一个博士生。
她精力充沛，孜孜不倦地撰写她那篇论述14世纪一位不知名诗人的学位论文 •send … off: •post: 寄•我妈妈昨天给我寄了一个包裹•My mother send off a package to me yeasterday.•dispatch:派遣•The American government send off an army to Iraq. •learned: adj. 博学的，有学问的；学术的•He is a scholar, genuinely learned man.•journal [‘dʒɝnl] n. 杂志，报纸；期刊•Wall Street Journal 华尔街日报•medical journal 医学期刊•core journal 核心期刊•learned journal 学术期刊 •She did it all herself, with an occasional nudge from me. •Occasional: happening from time to time; not regular•Your writing is quite good except for a few occasional mistake in spelling or grammar. •nudge:[nʌdʒ] 启示•encouragement or suggestion•T:•这一切都由她独立完成，我偶尔从旁略加指点。
fellowship n. 研究员职位；研究员职位；研究员薪金研究员薪金-ship: suffix 后缀 表示情况、状态、身份、资格、职位或职务•ownership所有权，所有制所有权，所有制•professorship教授身份教授身份•leadership 领导 领导•authorship作者身份作者身份•scholarship 奖学金奖学金 •But I was there when she finished her dissertation, learned that her articles were accepted, got a job and won a fellowship to Harvard working on a book developing ideas she'd first had as my student.•work on a book: 著书论著•T:•我亲眼看到了她完成了她的论文，得知她的文章被采用，找到了工作并且获得了在哈佛大学当研究员的职位，著书论著她在做我学生时萌发的思想 •engineer: [,ɛndʒɪ‘nɪr] 工程师•an engineering student 一个工科的学生•switch v. 转换 n. 开关•switch to •switch on 接通，开启 •switch off （用开关）关掉；切断（电源） Para 15•end: 目标;结果•urban:[‘ɝbən] 城市的•urban-rural（农村的，乡下的）•urbanize v. 使城市化•urbanization n. 城市化•morden ——mordenize——mordenization civil rights 民事权利•civil: of or relating to ordinary citizens rather than the armed forces or the church;•Of or relating to the citizens of a country.•T:•我亲耳听到她对我说，她后来对城市贫民产生了兴趣，继而成了捍卫公民权的律师。
Para 16•intuition [,ɪntu‘ɪʃən] n. 直觉•by intuition: 凭直觉Intuition told me that something was wrong with our plan.The old hunter knew by intuition that the deer would soon be there. •analysis: n. 分析 The artical provides a detailed analysis of the root causes of the accident.analysis 的复数形式是的复数形式是analyses, 动词形式为动词形式为analyse或或analyze与其有相似变化的词还有：与其有相似变化的词还有：basis—basescrisis---crises •There is Jacqui, a cleaning woman who knows more by intuition than most of us learn by analysis.Paraphrase:a cleaning woman whose intuition enables her to make more correct judgments than most of us can do with all that we have learned by analysis. Para 17•Being a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe. According to the Bible, man was created by God out of clay. When God breathed the breath of life into the clay, it became alive and the creation of man was completed. Here the author compares the job of a teacher to the work of God. What can we infer from it? We can infer from this sentence that the author implies that the teacher helps the student to become a real man or woman. •A "promotion" out of teaching would give me money and power. •out of : 自…离开•T:•“升职了”，不再教书了，也许会给我带来金钱和权力。
What is the point of being rich? = What is the use of being rich? point: use; purpose Para 19•And I have power. I have the power to nudge, to fan sparks, to suggest books, to point out a pathway. What other power matters?•spark:[spɑrk] 火花•fan sparks: 激发才智•power to nudge: 有权启迪•point out a pathway: 指点迷津 •Rare student refers to that exceptionally good student who becomes part of a teacher’s life and begins to grow and change in front of him. Why does the author say “love is the wrong word”?Perhaps the word “love ” is not sufficient to describe what teaching offers. •Not only the love of learning and of books and ideas, but also the love that a teacher feels for that rare student who walks into a teacher‘s life and begins to breathe. •T:•不仅是爱学习、爱书本、爱思想，而且还有老师对出类拔萃的学生的爱。
这样的学生走进了老师的生活，老师自己也开始成长了 •I teach because, being around people who are beginning to breathe, I occasionally find myself catching my breath with them.•T:•我教书，是因为在与开始成长的学生朝夕相处时，我有时感到自己也和他们一起开始成长了 When I see that my students are beginning to grow and change in front of me, I from time to time find myself growing and changing with them too, as if new life were being breathed into my body. 。