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1、在努力工作了一整天后，我很早上床了。After I had worked hard all day, I went to bed early.Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.Ing for as adverbial from the text:1.Having collected and evaluated the information, Ihelp other scientists to predict where lava from theVolcano will flow next.2. Having worked har
2、d all day, I went to bed early.3. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes inHawaii already, I didnt take much notice.4. Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer.5. Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I amStill amazed at their
3、 beauty as well as their potentialTo cause great damage.Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater.Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didnt take much notice.The ing form used as an adverbialHaving + past participle (the perfect -ingform) ref
4、erring to an action that took place before the time expressed by main verbUsing language:动词动词-ing（现在分词）（现在分词） 作状语作状语V-ing 作状语时表示的动作是作状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分主语动作的一部分，与，与谓语表示的动作或状态时谓语表示的动作或状态时同时或几乎同时同时或几乎同时发生的发生的，或，或是是先于谓语动词发生先于谓语动词发生，它的，它的逻辑主语与句子的逻辑主语与句子的主语一主语一致致。V-ing 作状语常表示作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、时间、条件、原因、方式、伴
5、随、让步、结果伴随、让步、结果，多用逗号跟句子其他成分隔开。，多用逗号跟句子其他成分隔开。I was feeling tired. I went to bed early.I worked hard all day. I went to bed early. Feeling tired, I went to bed early.Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.作时间状语作时间状语 Walking along the street, I met Mary.=While I was walking along the street,I
6、 met Mary .Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy. 作原因状语作原因状语Being tired, I stopped to take a rest.=Because I was tired, I stopped to take a rest. Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. 作条件状语作条件状语Turning to the left, you will find the school.=If you turn the left, you will fin
7、d the school. If you work hard, youll succeed. =Working hard, youll succeed. 作让步状语作让步状语 Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me.=Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me.作伴随状语作伴随状语 1. I stood there, waiting for her.= I stood there, and waited for her.2. The children laughed and
8、talked merrily, and they ran out of the room.=The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.表结果表结果Her mother died in 1990, leaving her a large fortune.(=Her mother died in 1990, and left her a large fortune)全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。欢迎的歌曲。The song is sung all ove
9、r the country, _ .making it the most popular song如V-ing 表动作发生在谓语之前表动作发生在谓语之前,则要用V-ing完成式完成式:Having +P.P(过去分词过去分词)., 主语主语+谓语谓语 Having +been +P.P(过去分词过去分词), .1. After she had finished her work, she went home.2. As we have invited him here to speak, wed better go to his lecture.3.After the class had be
10、en cleaned ，it was tidy Having finished her work, she went home.Having invited him here to speak, wed better go to his lecture.Having been cleaned, the classroom was tidy.Attention Please 1. -ing形式作状语时形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。主句的主语是一致的。Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city
11、. (分词的逻辑主语是分词的逻辑主语是time , 而句子的主语是而句子的主语是I , 两者不构成主谓关系两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用独立主所以只能用独立主格结构格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)1.Addicting himself to playing violin, he didnt notice the thief enter the house.2.Addicted to playing violin, he didnt notice the thief enter the house.Given more time, well do it
12、better.2.-ing形式作状语时形式作状语时, 与逻辑主语必须是主与逻辑主语必须是主动。若构成被动，或表示状态，则用动。若构成被动，或表示状态，则用-ed形式，形式， 如如exposed to, bathed in, absorbed in, dressed in, lost in, trapped in,accustomed to, 与逻辑主语构成独立主格：与逻辑主语构成独立主格： As all the tickets have been sold out, they went away disappointedly. = All the tickets having been sol
13、d out, they went away disappointedly. If time permits, we will go out for a picnic.=Time permitting, well go out for a picnic.this being my experience, I stayed at the top andwatched them.独立主格结构。独立主格结构。=As this is my experience, I stayed at the top andwatched them.=This is my experience, so I stayed
14、 at the top andwatched them.独立主格结构由独立主格结构由“名词名词/代词代词形容词形容词/副词副词/现在分词现在分词/过去分词过去分词/不定式不定式/介词短语介词短语/名词名词/数词数词”(非谓语非谓语)构成，构成，在句中可做条件状语、时间状语、原因状语、在句中可做条件状语、时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语等。伴随状语等。If weather permits, well go out for a picnic.Weather _, well go out for a picnic.As there is no bus, I walked home.There _no b
15、us, I walked home.I went back home with work finished.Work _, I went back home.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。(表示条件表示条件) There _another chance, he will try his best.假如再有一次机会，他会尽力而为。假如再有一次机会，他会尽力而为。More time_, we should have done it much better.permittingbeingfinishedgivenbeing有时也可用有时也可用with (
16、without) +名词（代词宾格）名词（代词宾格）+分词形式分词形式 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 1.With the teacher _ (assist) us, we can do it easily. 2. With work _(finish), they will have a rest. 3. With all the work _ (do), they will have a Hard time.(7)作独立成分：作独立成分：Judging from (by) his appearance, he must be an te
17、acher. 从外表看，他一定是个老师。从外表看，他一定是个老师。assistingfinishedto do Grammar work 语法专练语法专练用所给动词的适当形式填空。用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Not _(know) his address, I couldnt go to see him yesterday.2. Look out for cars when _(cross) the street.3. Not _ (invite) to the party, Mary was greatly hurt.knowingcrossinghaving been invited4
18、. He dived into the water, _ (leave) only his face exposed.5. _ (take) a deep breath, they dived into the water.6. _ (close) the windows and the door, the students left the room.leavingTakingHaving closed翻译：翻译：1.他们笑着谈着走进了教室。他们笑着谈着走进了教室。They talked and laughed, they came into the classroom.They came
19、into the classroom, talking and laughing.2. 在这个地方雨下的如此大，以致引发了洪灾。在这个地方雨下的如此大，以致引发了洪灾。It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area.3. 工作做完之后，我就回家了。工作做完之后，我就回家了。 After I had finished my work, I went home. Having finished my work, I went home.4. 尽管他知道我的住处，但从不来看我。尽管他知道我的住处，但从不来看我。 Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me.Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me.
