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1、专题十二动词的语态动词的语态1被动语态的构成被动语态的构成 分析近3年甘肃中考真题可以看出，动词的语态跟动词的时态一样，属于每年中考的重点。涉及题型主要在语法与情景对话、完形填空和词汇考查中。一般会和时态合在一起考查，考生在做题时，可以根据语态排除错误选项，最后再细读题干，判断哪种时态，最终确定答案。时态时态被动语态构成被动语态构成例句例句一般现在时（2017省卷78题）am/is/are+动词的过去分词The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天被打扫。一般过去时（2016省卷38题）was/were+动词的过去分词The dumplings were m
2、ade yesterday. 饺子是昨天包的。1.中考需掌握的各种时态的被动语态的构成见下表：中考需掌握的各种时态的被动语态的构成见下表：时态时态被动语态构成被动语态构成例句例句一般将来时（2015兰州36题）will/shall be+动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built next year. 明年一个新的医院将被建立。含情态动词情态动词+be+动词的过去分词The work must be finished on time. 这项工作必须按时完成。2.主动语态转化为被动语态的方法主动语态转化为被动语态的方法3.被动语态的几种特殊情况被动语态的几种特殊情况（
3、1）make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等实义动词或感官动词在主动语态中与省略to的动词不定式连用，但变为被动语态时，必须还原to。如：I often see the old man run in the morning. 我经常看见这位老人在早上跑步。The old man is often seen to run in the morning. 这位老人常被看见在早上跑步。（2）一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应视为一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。如：The little dog must be looked after well. 这只小狗必
4、须被好好照顾。4.主动语态表示被动意义的几种情况主动语态表示被动意义的几种情况（1）不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见的动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。如：The books sell well. 这些书销售得很好。（2）系动词无被动语态。如：The apples taste nice. 苹果尝起来很好吃。（3）不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。如：The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。（4）“have/get+宾语
5、+过去分词”这个结构也表达了一种被动的意思。如：Ill have the bike repaired soon. 我将尽快请人修理这辆自行车。（5）在need后面，接动词的-ing形式表达被动的意思。如：Your vegetables need watering. 你的蔬菜需要浇水了。2被动语态的用法被动语态的用法1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 昨天晚上一些新电脑被偷了。2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。如：The homework must be handed in on time.
6、 家庭作业必须按时交上来。考点小练1.You (give) another day to make your own decision.2.During the Spring Festival, paper cuttings (put) on windows, doors and walls.3.Chinese New Year (call) the Spring Festival. People often eat dumplings.will be givenare putis called3.说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态。常用句型：It is said that据说
7、；It is reported that据报道；It is hoped that希望；It is believed that人们相信；It is (well) known that众所周知7.We to start at once, or we will miss the train. A. tell B. have told C. are told D. told8.To make our city more beautiful, rubbish into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. shouldnt be thrown C. neednt throw
8、 D. shouldnt throw 9.A wonderful English speech contest in the school hall next Monday. A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will giveCBC4.Sorry, you cant take this seat. It (take).5.You should try your best to make sure that the plant (water) once a day if you want it to grow well.6.Many houses by the earthquake and thousands of people became homeless. A. damaged B. were damaged C. were damaging D. are damagedwas takenis wateredB
