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1、名词化（nominalization）名词化主要指表示动作或状态的抽象名词，或起名词作用的非谓语动词一般由动词派生，也包括由形容词加后缀-ability, -ity, -ness等构成的名词可分为四大类：动作名词、名词性动名词、动名词和不定式动作名词（action noun）an examination of the object with an ordinary microscopethe combination of hydrogen ions with chloride ions in the solutionRecovery of distillates is also perform
2、ed in the vacuum unit.动词性名词（verbal noun）the examining of the object with an ordinary microscopethe combining of hydrogen ions with chloride ions in the solutionThe recovering of distillates is also performed in the vacuum unit动名词（gerund）examining the object with an ordinary microscopehydrogen ions c
3、ombining with chloride ions in the solutionRecovering distillates is also performed in the vacuum unit.不定式（infinitive）to examine the object with ordinary microscopefor hydrogen ions to combine with chloride ions in the solutionThe distillates need to be recovered now.差异如果有逻辑主语，第一、二类名词的逻辑主语都跟在其后the c
4、ombination of hydrogen ionsthe combining of hydrogen ions第三、四类名词的逻辑主语提高前面分词用名词或代词的所有格作逻辑主语hydrogen ions combining 不定式用for引出逻辑主语for hydrogen ions to combine 差异动作名词action n.动词性名词verbal n.动名词gerund不定式infinitiveexaminationcombinationthe examiningthe combiningexaminingcombiningto examineto combine动词性名词性名
5、词化结构的用法1 直接作句子的主语、宾语和表语名词化结构的用法2 用介词连接作介词宾语By opening the valves 11 and 12, residual gas from the adsorber 2 flows into the evacuated adsorber 1.While the valves 11 and 12 are opened, 名词化结构的用法2 用介词连接作介词宾语The method of transfer metal to the work-piece depends on the magnitude of the current.the metho
6、d by which metals transferred to the work-piece名词化结构的用法2 用介词连接作介词宾语However, in the presence of air, surface oxides may form within the engine.if air is present名词化结构的用法3 用中性动词（empty word）过渡中性动词make, take, give, get, do, have等意义份量轻、接近中性动词的动词perform, achieve, obtain, carry out, establish, present等名词化结构
7、的用法3 用中性动词（empty word）过渡主动语态：中性动词名词化结构介词短语Curved rails offer resistance to the movement of the train.Curved rails resist the movement of the train.offer 只取句法作用，语义由名词化结构表示名词化结构的用法3 用中性动词（empty word）过渡被动语态：名词化结构（作主语）中性动词（被动语态）状语Tapping or removing the molten iron from the furnace is done every 4 or 5
8、hours.The molten iron is tapped or removed from the furnace every 4 or 5 hours.名词化结构的用法Breaking up the larger molecules of the heavier liquids in the petroleum mixture into the smaller, lighter molecules of gasoline is carried out in huge refinery tanks by certain materials called catalysts.A detail
9、ed model of the photodegradation with TiO2 as catalyst is presented.名词化结构的用法4 与动词构成固定搭配动词(vt.)名词化结构动词(vi.)介词名词化结构名词化结构的用法4 与动词构成固定搭配bear comparison withbear a relation to call attention tocall into action come into contact withcome into collision withcome to perfectioncome to a decisiondraw a distin
10、ction betweenfind application (use) inget in touch withget rid of (from)give effect togive credit togo out of existencehave consideration forhave an attraction forkeep in touch withkeep under controllay emphasis onmake influence onhave advantage of overput (place) emphasis on (upon)stand comparison withstand in need oftake possession of
