六年级如何提高小学英语阅读理解能力+专项训练练习题(答案解析)

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1、部编六年级如何提高小学英语阅读理解能力 选择适合小学生阅读的材料,激发阅读兴趣。指导阅读方法,养成良好的阅读习惯, 提高学生的阅读能力,为终身学习打基础。 关键词: 阅读能力,阅读习惯,阅读方法 ,策略 英语是传输信息的重要工具之一。一个人英语阅读能力的高低,往往决定了他吸收有用的信息的数量和质量。新课标指出:“要达到这样的目标,没有足够的语言输入量是不行的。”成功的英语教学要依赖大量的语言材料和语言实践。在阅读训练中,它可以帮助学生得到乐趣,获取信息,培养学生的英语阅读理解能力,使学生养成良好的英语阅读习惯,具有正确的阅读技巧,拥有主动学习的能力和合作精神,为终身学习打下基础。但是小学生由于

2、刚刚开始学习英语,受所学知识内容的局限,教师往往忽视对学生阅读能力的培养,这不利于学生的终身学习的发展。因此,从小学阶段开始教师就应该有意识培养学生良好的英语阅读能力策略。我在以下几方面做了些尝试: 一、 选材恰当,激发阅读兴趣 新课标指出:小学英语课程的目的首先是激发学习兴趣,培养英语学习的积极态度,使他们建立初步的学习英语的自信心,培养一定的语感为进一步学习打下基础。因此,在阅读内容的选择上,要注重“兴趣第一”的原则。 在二年级的先锋英语教材中,每当老师在教每个单元的故事时,学生的兴趣非常浓,很乐意去读、去模仿,因为故事的内容有趣好玩。选择中、高年级的阅读材料,不仅要趣味性浓,还要贴近生活

3、,以激发学生阅读的兴趣。在教开心学英语四年级介词一课后,我就让学生阅读这篇文章并根据内容四人小组画出相应的图画:Sue is very messy. Thats her room. The doll is under the bed. The lamp is on the chair. The stuffed animal is in the box. The puzzle is in front of the bookcase. The violin is between the bed and the chair. Her glasses are next to the table. 阅读

4、内容都是学生熟悉的材料,学生参与热情高涨,兴趣浓厚。五、六年级可以选择学生们喜欢的有动物的故事,如:Three little pigs, Cry wolf, The ugly ducking。也可以选择有逻辑性的文章,如:Six monkeys are sitting in a tree. They have hats on their hands. Two hats are yellow. Two hats are red. One hat is blue and one hat is green. The first monkey is fat. The second monkey is

5、thin. They have the same color hats. The third monkey is black. His hat is not blue. The fourth monkey has a green hat. The fifth monkey has a red hat. He is small. The sixth monkey is big. The big monkey and the small monkey have different color hats. 学生读后,学生就给猴子的帽子涂上正确的颜色。在阅读的过程中发展学生的思维,激发学生的阅读兴趣。

6、 二、指导阅读方法,养成良好的阅读习惯 阅读习惯的好坏直接影响着阅读的效率。小学生刚接触英语,并不知道如何很好地去阅读,老师要给学生进行正确的指导,而阅读习惯需要经过一段时间才能养成的。教师要在平时教学中应有计划地、不断地养成学生的阅读习惯。在每次进行阅读训练时,我都从这几方面对学生进行阅读习惯的培养: 1、培养学生默读的习惯 研究证明,在阅读过程中学生默读是很好的做法,默读且不干扰他人,能帮助学生形成积极的阅读态度,培养学生为了获取信息和为了乐趣读书的阅读做法,又发展学生了学生在课堂之外的时间里独立熟练的阅读能力。当阅读一开始教师就应提醒学生不要以朗读的方式进行,教师里应形成一种默读的良好氛

7、围。 2、培养学生猜词的习惯 新课标指出:“培养学生在阅读时能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义。”小学生一旦遇到不懂的单词就会急于问老师、问同学或查电子词典。这样会使学生产生依赖思想,影响阅读的速度,也不利于良好学习习惯的形成和学生智力的开发。因此,在阅读教学过程中,教师要引导学生通过上下文,文章背景知识等猜出词意。 3、培养学生给重点句做标记的习惯 小学生在进行阅读训练时,一般都是把文章看一次或两次就进行答题,但大多数学生的答案准确率不高,在阅读题中失分较多。所以,老师在进行阅读教学时,要引导学生把与题目相关的句子用横线划起来,再结合题目的内容进行对比与分析,恰当使用阅读技巧与方法,将

8、会达到事半功倍的效果。 三、 开展阅读交流活动,分享阅读的乐趣 阅读能为学生提供大量的语言输入,使他们从阅读中汲取各种知识及信息。开展阅读交流活动,给学生创设一个自我展示的舞台,分享阅读的乐趣。我通常在课前五分钟让学生进行 daily talk, 内容可以是故事演讲、朗诵儿歌、西方文化介绍或小表演等,每月进行一次“ 英语才艺之星”的评选。鼓励学生在进行阅读时做阅读笔记,将自己感兴趣的词汇和喜欢的语句摘抄下来,定期组织好词好句的交流和评赏,丰富了学生的语言积累,为学生的写作做铺垫。 四、以读导写,拓展阅读能力 英语的学习,仅靠语言的输入还难以使学生形成运用英语的能力,还需要大量的语言输出“说”和

9、“写”来促进学生对语言知识的掌握与运用。长期以来,英语教学中普遍强调听、说、读的技能,而写的技能成了教师和学生共同的难题。通过以读导写的方式,有效地提高学生的写作水平。 以读导写就是教师指导学生通过阅读相关内容的文章,了解句子的语言结构,然后将其运用到写作中,从而提高写作能力。例如,在教开心学英语五年级 Whens your birthday? 一课后,引导学生阅读关于 birthday的文章,学生阅读后回答下列的问题:1. Which season is your birthday in? 2.Whens your birthday? 3. Do you have a birthday ev

10、ery year? 4. What do you do at your birthday party? 5. Do you have a good time at your party? 学生回答完问题后,老师引导他们根据每个问题的答案,用自己的话进行口述 “My birthday”, 然后把口头语言用书面语言表达出来。如:Hello! My name is Tina. My birthday is in summer. Its in August. Its on August 3rd. I have a birthday party every year. Many friends come

11、 to my birthday party. We sing and dance at the party. We play cards , play games, eat birthday cake and drink orange juice ,too. We have a good time at the party. 以读导写,拓展了学生的阅读能力,减轻了学生写作的心理压力,同时也让学生感受到写作的乐趣。 小学生阅读能力策略的培养需要一个较长的过程,学生在阅读的实践中,词汇量得到增加,积累了丰富的语句,开阔了英语的视野,养成了良好的阅读习惯,阅读能力和写作能力也得到不断的提高。 二、阅

12、读理解 2阅读理解阅读短文,选择正确的答案。 Which season is your favourite season, spring, summer, autumn or winter? I like autumn best. Autumn is the time for harvest(收获). In autumn I can eat many different fruits:apples, pears, grapes and so on. I can also eat fresh vegetables. Autumn is cool. I feel comfortable(舒适的).

13、 I am happy to see the leaves turn red and yellow. (1)My favourite season is _. A. spring B. summer C. autumn (2)I can eat many different _ in autumn. A. leaves B. fruits C. food (3)The weather in autumn is _. A. hot B. cool C. cold (4)The _ turn red and yellow in autumn. A. fruits B. leaves C. vege

14、tables (5)There are _ seasons in a year. A. four B. five C. three 【答案】(1)C (2)B (3)B (4)B (5)A 【解析】【分析】该短文主要介绍“我”喜欢秋季的原因。 (1)细节阅读,根据 I like autumn best. 得知最喜欢的季节是秋季,故选 C。 (2)细节阅读,根据 In autumn I can eat many different fruits :apples, pears, grapes and so on.得知秋季能吃很多不同的水果。故选 B。 (3)细节阅读,根据 Autumn is co

15、ol. 得知秋天天气凉爽,故选 B。 (4)细节阅读,根据 I am happy to see the leaves turn red and yellow.得知树叶变红变黄,故选 B。 (5)细节阅读,根据 Which season is your favourite season, spring, summer, autumn or winter?得知一年有四个季节,故选 A。 【点评】考查对篇章的把握和细节的辨别能力。对于此类题型的解答,可以将整个文段首先浏览一遍,大概理解意思。然后做出选择。 3阅读理解 During the summer holiday,Alice had a nic

16、e tripFirst she took a plane from Changchun to BeijingShe went to the Great WallShe was very tiredBut she was happyShe likes Beijing very muchThen she went to London by planeShe visited Big Ben,the clock towerThere were many museums in LondonShe learnt a lot therePeople in London love eating fish an

17、d chips She stayed in London for 5 days Then she took a plane to ShanghaiThen she went to Changchun by plane 根据短文,判断正误。 (1)Alice visited five places during the summer holiday (2)Alice visited the Palace Museum (3)Alice visited Big Ben in London (4)Alice took a train from London to shanghai (5)Alice

18、had a nice trip 【答案】(1)0 (2)0 (3)1 (4)0 (5)1 【解析】【分析】本短文内容主要是关于爱丽丝在暑假旅行的情况。 细节理解. 题意:暑假期间爱丽丝参观了五个地方。 根据短文中语句“ First she took a plane from Changchun to Beijing. Then she went to London by plane. Then she took a plane to Shanghai. Then she went to Changchun by plane.”可知爱丽丝参观了三个地方。这与题意不符,故答案为:错误 . 推理判断

19、. 题意:爱丽丝参观了故宫。根据短文中语句“She went to the Great WallShe was very tiredBut she was happyShe likes Beijing very much”可推知爱丽丝没有参观故宫。这与题意不符,故答案为:错误 . 细节理解. 题意:爱丽丝在伦敦参观大本钟。根据短文中语句“ Then she went to London by planeShe visited Big Ben,”可知爱丽丝在伦敦参观大本钟。这与题意相符,故答案为:正确 . 细节理解. 题意:爱丽丝乘火车从伦敦到上海。 根据短文中语句“She stayed in

20、London for 5 daysThen she took a plane to Shanghai”可知爱丽丝是乘飞机从伦敦到上海的。这与题意不符,故答案为:错误 . 细节理解. 题意:爱丽丝有个愉快的旅行。 根据短文中语句“Alice had a nice trip”可知爱丽丝有个愉快的旅行。这与题意相符,故答案为:正确 . 【点评】本题考查对短文细节的识别和推理能力,注意在短文中寻找答案。 4阅读理解阅读下列短文,回答问题 The Earth means many things to the people who live on itA farmer thinks Earth is so

21、il for growing vegetables and fruitA person who makes roads thinks Earth is mountains of hard rockA sailor thinks Earth is water as far as the eyes can seeThe Earth is a big ball covered with water , rock and soil The Earth is a planet There are nine planets around the sunAnimals and plants live alm

22、ost everywhere on the EarthThey can live on the Earth because it is not too far from the sun,or too close to the sunLiving things need the sunThe sun keeps them warm (1)What does a farmer think Earth is? (2)What does a person who makes roads think Earth is? (3)What is on the Earth? 【答案】(1)A farmer t

23、hinks Earth is soil for growing vegetables and fruit (2)A person who makes roads thinks Earth is mountains of hard rock (3)Animals and plants live almost everywhere on the Earth 【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了生活在地球上的人们对地球的认识,同时介绍了地球是一个卫星。动植物都能在上面生长。 (1)句意:农民认为地球是什么样子的?细节阅读,A farmer thinks Earth is soil for growing

24、vegetables and fruit该句子就是农民对地球的认识,故答案为:A farmer thinks Earth is soil for growing vegetables and fruit. (2)句意:铺路的人认为地球是什么样子的?细节阅读,A person who makes roads thinks Earth is mountains of hard rock.就是答案,故答案为:A person who makes roads thinks Earth is mountains of hard rock. (3)句意:地球上有什么?细节阅读,Animals and pl

25、ants live almost everywhere on the Earth.就是答案,故答案为:No, he isnt. 【点评】考查对篇章的把握和细节的辨别能力。答题时,紧扣文章中的关键词,做出正确回答。 5阅读理解阅读短文,判断下列句子是否正确 I was only nine years old when I learnt how to use a computerMy mother is my first teacherI know how to type,how to copy a file,and how to visit a website on the InternetOn

26、e day,mom was not at homeI turned on the computer and began to learn how to chat on netThe first one I met there was a boy called TomHe greeted me politelyWhen he knew that I was only a 9-year-old girl and almost knew nothing about chatting on net,he started showing me how to use the chatting tools,

27、how to download,and how to send e-mailsI learnt a lot from him (1)I was only nine years old when I learnt how to use a computer (2)When mom was at homeI began to learn how to chat on net (3)The first one I met on net was a boy called Tom (4)Tom is my first computer teacher (5)He showed me how to use

28、 the chatting tools 【答案】 (1)1 (2)0 (3)1 (4)0 (5)1 【解析】【分析】本文主要关于作者学电脑的事。 题意:当我学会如何使用电脑时,我才九岁。比较本小题题干和短文第一句可知内容是一模一样的,故答案为:正确 . 题意:当妈妈在家里,我开始学着上网聊天。 根据短文中语句“One day,mom was not at homeI turned on the computer and began to learn how to chat on net”可知我是妈妈不在家时开始学着上网聊天的。这与题意不符,故答案为:错误 . 题意:我在网上遇到的第一个是一个叫

29、汤姆的男孩。短文中语句“The first one I met there was a boy called Tom”的句意是“我在那里遇到的第一个是一个叫汤姆的男孩。”。这与题意相符, 故答案为:正确. 题意:汤姆是我的第一个计算机老师。 根据第一句和第二句可知妈妈是我的第一个计算机老师。这与题意不符,故答案为:错误 . 题意:他给我看如何使用聊天工具。 短文中语句“he started showing me how to use the chatting tools,”的句意是“他开始教我如何使用聊天工具。 ”。这与题意相符, 故答案为:正确. 【点评】本题考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能

30、力,答题时注意在短文中寻找答案。 6阅读理解阅读短文,判断下列句子正误 Protect Wild Animals Animals are our good friendsWe live in the same EarthAnimals and people cant be separated from each otherBut some animals are getting less and lessSo its important to us to protect animals,especially wild animalsSome people kill wild animals b

31、ecause of moneyIts wrongNow people need more places to live inWe explore the forest Animals have less places to live inThe number of wild animals decreases year by yearSo we should protect wild animals (1)Animals are getting less and less (2)People dont like animals (3)People need more places to liv

32、e inSo we live with animals together (4)Its important to us to protect animals (5)We should protect wild animals 【答案】(1)0 (2)0 (3)0 (4)1 (5)1 【解析】【分析】本短文内容主要讲述的是人们应该保护野生动物。 (1)细节理解. 题意:动物正变得越来越少。 根据短文中语句“But some animals are getting less and less”可知是有些动物正变得越来越少而不是各种动物都正变得越来越少。这与题意内容不符,故答案为:错误 . (2)推

33、理判断. 题意:人们不喜欢动物。根据短文中语句“Animals are our good friends”可知动物是我们的好朋友,由此推知人们喜欢动物。这与题意内容不符,故答案为:错误 . (3)细节理解. 题意:人们需要更多的地方居住。所以我们和动物一起生活。根据短文中语句“ Now people need more places to live in. Animals have less places to live in.”可知人们需要更多的地方居住。动物居住的地方更少了。这与题意不符,故答案为:错误 . (4)细节理解. 题意:保护动物对我们很重要。 根据短文中语句“So its important to us to protect animals,especially wild animals”可知这与题意内容相符,故答案为:正确 . (5)细节理解. 题意:我们应该保护野生动物。 根据短文中语句“So we should protect wild animals”可知这与题意内容相符,故答案为:正确 . 【点评】本题考查对短文细节的识别和推理能力,注意在短文中寻找答案。

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