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1、Direct speech 直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语& indirect speech直接引语和间接引语详细 引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一一.原封不动地引用原话原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号把它放在括号内内,这叫直接引语这叫直接引语 (Direct speech);二二. 用自己的话加以转述用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引这叫间接引语语 (Indirect speech).直接引语和间接引语详细直接引直接引语 (变化前化前)间接引接引语(变化后化后)陈述句述句Jane said, “Im very fond of traveling.”that
2、引引导的的宾语从句从句Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.直接引语和间接引语详细直接引直接引语 (变化前化前)间接引接引语(变化后化后)一般疑一般疑问句句“Is this your umbrella, Mary?” asked John.whether/if 引引导的的宾语从句从句John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.直接引语和间接引语详细直接引直接引语 (变化前化前)间接引接引语(变化后化后)特殊疑特殊疑问句句“Mary, when will you return me the book?”
3、asked John.wh-词引引导的的宾语从句从句John asked Mary when she would return him the book.直接引语和间接引语详细由直接引由直接引语转变为间接引接引语,有有时会引会引时态的的变化化, 注意以下几个方面注意以下几个方面:直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一般一般现在在时或或现在完成在完成时She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.”从句动词时态不变从句动词时态不变She often says that all men a
4、nd women are equal under the law.直接引语和间接引语详细直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引导动词为: 从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句动词变为:一般一般现在在时“I know it,” he said.一般一般过去去时He said that he knew it. 直接引语和间接引语详细直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引导动词为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句动词变为:现在进行时现在进行时“Im making coffee for
5、you all,” she said.过去进行时过去进行时She said she was making coffee for us all. 直接引语和间接引语详细直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引导动词为: 从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句动词变为:现在完成时现在完成时“I have seen her before,” said he. 过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her before. 直接引语和间接引语详细直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去
6、去时引引导动词为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句动词变为:一般过去时一般过去时“I saw her last Monday,” he said.过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her the previous Monday. 直接引语和间接引语详细直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引导动词为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句动词变为:过去完成时过去完成时“ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack a
7、sked.过去完成时过去完成时Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died. 直接引语和间接引语详细直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引导动词为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句动词变为:一般将来时一般将来时He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”过去将来时过去将来时He said they would start the next day.直接引语和间接引语详细直接引语变间接引语时直接引语变间接引语时,
8、 时态要发生变化时态要发生变化:一般现在时一般现在时现在完成时现在完成时现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时过去将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时直接引语和间接引语详细由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况下列情况时态不变时态不变:1. 不变的真理不变的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students t
9、hat water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.直接引语和间接引语详细2. 经常的习惯：经常的习惯： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.直接引语和间接引语详细3. 历史事件：历史事件： The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1
10、945.直接引语和间接引语详细4. 部分情态动词部分情态动词,如如must, ought to, used to, had better等：等： She said to me: “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.直接引语和间接引语详细由直接引由直接引语转变为间接引接引语,下列代下列代词、形容形容词、副、副词、动词等可能要等可能要变化化直接引直接引语间接引接引语thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthatthosethenBefore/earlierthat daythe next/following day
11、直接引语和间接引语详细直接引直接引语间接引接引语the day after tomorrowyesterdaylast nightthe day before yesterdaycomeherein two days timethe day beforethe night beforetwo days before/earliergothere直接引语和间接引语详细1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading adventure stories.2. “I dont like
12、computers,” Sarah said to her friend. Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.Exercise IExercise I直接引语和间接引语详细3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked. Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook.4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann. Mary asked Ann how she could do that.5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim. Peter asked Jim what difference it made.直接引语和间接引语详细
