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1、Vocabulary & Structure被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动）Englishisspokenbymanypeople.（被动）许多人学英语。B级考试中常考：被动语态一般现在时：be（am,is,are)+过去分词一般过去时：be（was，were）)+过去分词一般将来时的被动语态：Will+be+过去分词现在完成时：has/have+been+过去分词情态动词的被动语态：情态动词的被动语态：C
2、an/should/must/could/may+be+过去分词不定式的被动语态：Tobe+过去分词Historyismadebythepeople.TheEiffelTowerwascompletedin1889.Moresubwaylineswillbebuiltinthefuture.Englishhasbeenstudiedfor3yearsbyusatschool.Musiccanbeeasilydownloadedfromtheinternet.Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.牛刀小试1.Shedidntreceivedtheapplicati
3、onform;it_tothewrongaddress.A.sentB.besentC.wassentD.beingsent2.AsfarasImconcerned,Idontlike_inthatway.A.tobetreatedB.totreatC.treatedD.treating3.Ifeelitsagreathonorforme_tothisparty.A.toinvitedB.inviteC.havinginvitedD.tobeinvited4.Thisarticleiswellwrittenbecausespecialattention_tothechoiceofwordsan
4、dstylesofwriting.A.hadbeenpaidB.hasbeenpaidC.willbepaidD.willhavepaid.1.Thefinaldecision(make)_bytheteamleaderearlynextweek.2.Wecanarrangeforyourcarto(repair)_withinareasonableperiodoftime.3.Allvisitorstothelab(expect)_totakeofftheirshoesbeforetheyenter.4.Wearepleasedtolearnthatthatproblem(solve)_at
5、yesterdaysmeeting.5.Thegoodsthatyouorderedtenyearsagewill(deliver)_toyoutomorrow.6.Thispicture(take)_byyoungreporterinBeijinglastmonth.7.Yesterday,thesecretary(give)_thetasktomakearrangementsfortheannualmeeting.8.Thenewmachineoughtto(test)_beforeitisputtouse.9.Ifyousmokeinthisnon-smokingarea,youwill
6、(fine)_$50.虚拟语气虚拟语气 subjective mood表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假想和建议等。假想和建议等。Weonlywishwecouldhelp.我们但愿能提供帮助。（表愿望）Iftherewerenogravity,weshouldnotbeabletowalk.假若没有引力，我们就不能行走。（表假想）Hesuggeststhatweshouldallgotoseethefilm.他建议我们都去看这个电影。（表建议)条件从句条件从句结果主句结果主句与现在事实相与现在事实相反反If (we,you,he,they)+If (we,yo
7、u,he,they)+动词过去动词过去式（式（be的过去式用的过去式用were）I I （we）shouldyou wouldyou would he wouldhe would + +动词原形动词原形 they wouldthey would与过去事实相与过去事实相反反If (we,you,he,they)+had+If (we,you,he,they)+had+过去分词过去分词I I （we）shouldyou would you would +have +have he he wouldwould + +过去分词过去分词 they wouldthey would与将来事实可与将来事实可能
8、相反能相反If (we,you,he,they)+If (we,you,he,they)+动词过去动词过去式（式（be的过去式用的过去式用were）I I （we）shouldyou wouldyou would + +动词原形动词原形he wouldhe would they wouldthey would与现在事实相反IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusethemoney.假如我是你的话，我就不会要那钱。与过去事实相反Wewouldhavedroppedbyifwehadhadtime.假若我们有时间的话，我们就会顺道拜访。与将来事实可能相反Ifyoudroppedtheglass
9、,itwouldbreak.假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上，它会打碎的。虚拟语气的其他用法用在主语从句，其谓语用should+动词原形（或should+have+过去分词），常用在Itis（was)important(suggested,requested.)that.句型中Itisimportantthatweshould speak politely.我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。用在宾语从句，一种是用作动词wish的宾语从句，另一种是谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的that从句“musthavedone”表示对过去已发生的事进行肯定的推测三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气三、宾语从句中的虚拟
10、语气英语中，如：advise,ask,demand,desire,decide,insist(坚决要求),order,propose,request,suggest(建议)表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should)+原形动词。如：Theteacheradvisedthatweshouldmakegooduseofeveryminutehere.老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。ThePartyaskedthatweshouldservethepeoplewithourheartandsoul.党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。
11、1.Icantfindthekeytomyoffice,I_havelostitonmywayhome.A.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.oughtto2.IfI_thatyourbusinesswasgrowingsorapidly,Iwouldnthavebeenworriedaboutit.A.KnowB.knewC.hadknownD.haveknown3.IfIhadntattendedanimportantmeetingyesterday,I_toseeyou.A.willhavecomeB.wouldhavecomeC.havecomeD.hadcome4.Ifyou
12、hadenoughmoney，what_？A.willyoubuyB.wouldyoubuyC.wouldyouhaveboughtD.willyouhavebought5.Ididntseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_，shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome1.ThedoctorrecommendedthatMary(start)_thehealthprogramassoonaspossible2.Iftheengineer(come)_hereyesterday,theproblem
13、wouldhavebeensolved.3.Wedemandthatthetourguide(tell)_usimmediatelyaboutanychangeintheschedule.非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词ing形式和过去形式和过去分词。分词。1.To hear your voice is so nice.听到你的声音真高兴。听到你的声音真高兴。2.Reading books makes one wise.读书使人明智。读书使人明智。3.This is a book written by Balzac.这是巴尔扎克写的一本书。这是巴
14、尔扎克写的一本书。Itisquitedifficultforme(decide)_whoshouldbegiventhejob.带to的不定式作主语时。常用形式主语it代替，其作表语的形容词有important,easy,difficult,hard,good,bad,right等。Advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeople(live)_longer.Its+adjforsb.todosth.固定搭配固定搭配1.Noreaderisallowed(take)_anyreferencebookoutofthereading-roo
15、m.2.Iwant(pointout)_thatadecisionaboutthemattermustbemadeatonce.3.Ifyourcreditisgood,youwillbeallowed(use)_thecreditcard.4.Advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeople(live)_longer.分词作状语Customersconsiderlocationasthefirstfactorwhen_adecisionaboutbuyingahouse.A.makeB.madeC.tomakeD.makingMak
16、e和逻辑主语customers之间是主动关系Theytalkedtohimforhours,(try)_topersuadehimtochangehismind.现在分词作目的状语，逻辑主语必须与主句相同。1.Wetalkedformorethanthreehourswithout_acupoftea.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had2.Before_forthejob,youwillberequiredtotakealanguagetest.A.applyB.applyingC.appliedD.toapply3.Asthepriceofoilkeeps_,people
17、havetopaymorefordrivingacar.A.togoupB.goingupC.goneupD.goup4.Locationisthefirstthingcustomersconsiderwhen_tobuyahouse.A.planningB.plannedC.toplanD.havingplanned5.Shetoldusbrieflyabouthowtheysucceededin_thenewproduct.A.developB.todevelopingC.developedD.developing1.ThankyouforyourletterofApril15,(tell
18、)_usaboutMr.JohnBrownsvisittoourcompanyonMay10.2.Wearelookingforwardto(work)_withyouinthefuture.3.Thatnewfilmisworth(see)_forthesecondtime.4.Nowmanyyoungpeoplespendseveralhoursaday(talk)_onamobilephone.5.Ittookmeseveralweekstogetusedto(drive)_ontheleftsideoftheroadinLondon.短语的理解1.Thedepartmentmanage
19、r_anewplantopromotesalesatthemeeting.A.tookawayB.putforwardC.lookedafterD.goton2.Peterwill_thejobasSaleManagerwhenJohnretires.A.PutawayB.takeoverC.workoutD.makeup3.Therewasaheavyfogthismorning,sononeoftheplanescould_.A.GetthroughB.takeoffC.pulloutD.breakaway4.Please_yourreportcarefullybeforeyouhandi
20、tintome.A.turntoB.bringaboutC.gooverD.putup5._yournameandjobtitle,thebusinesscardshouldalsoincludeyourtelephonenumberandaddress.A.AsfarasB.InadditiontoC.InspiteofD.Asaresultof6.Ifthemachineshould_,callthisnumberimmediately.A.breakdownB.setoutC.putonD.goup7.Ifyouwanttojointheclub,youllhaveto_thisform
21、first.A.putupB.tryoutC.fillinD.setup8.Theyhadtogiveupheplanbecausetheyhad_money.A.comeuptoB.gotalongwithC.runoutofD.takenchargeof9.Shetoldusbrieflyabouthowtheysucceededin_thenewproduct.A.setupB.breakupC.getupD.turnup10.Theworkseemedeasyatfirstbutit_tobequitedifficult.A.brokeoutB.turnedoutC.workedout
22、D.setout11.I_theformermanagerwhenIwasonaflighttoBeijing.A.ranintoB.tookawayC.putonD.shutdown12.Youdbetter_advicebeforemakingaprojectplan.A.putdownB.takeinC.turnoutDaskfor13.WhiletravelinginFrance,he_someeverydayEnglish.A.gaveupB.pickedupC.drewupD.gotup14.Weregoingto_thetaskthatwehaventfinished.A.tak
23、eawayB.carryonC.getontoD.keepoff15.Time_veryfastandanewyearwillbeginsoon.A.takenoffB.goesbyC.pullsupD.getsalong连词连词连词是虚词，起着连接词与词，短语与短语，句子与句子的作用，连词包括并列连词和从属连词。并列连词并列连词从属连词并列连词并列连词表示并列关系并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有and,or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybut(also),bothand,aswellas等表示转折关系转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有but,yet等表示因果关系因
24、果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有for,so等从属连词从属连词从属连词是引导从句的连词。1.引导宾语从句的连词1).that连接由陈述句转变而来的宾语从句2).who,whom,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how连接由特殊疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。3).if/whether连接由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。2.引导状语从句的连词1).时间状语从句：when,before,after,until,assoonas(主将从现),since.(主句一般用现在完成时）2).条件状语从句：if,unless3).原因状语从句：because4).方式状语从句：tha
25、n5).结果状语从句：sothat,suchthat6).让步状语从句：though/although7).目的状语从句：sothat1._shejoinedthecompanyonlyayearago,shesalreadybeenpromotedtwice.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.IfD.When2.Ithasbeenquitealongtime_thetwocompaniesestablishedabusinessrelationship.A.AlthoughB.becauseC.ifD.since3._therainstopsbefore12oclock,wewill
26、havetocancelthegame.A.AsB.SinceC.WhileD.Unless4.Lisawasbusytakingnotes_MarkwassearchingtheInternetfortheinformation.A.untilB.unlessC.whileD.if5._hislectureisshort,itgivesusaclearpictureofthenewprogram.A.IfB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.When动词（一）MindmentionthanktravelstartwritePreparesendtypevisitshowenjoycost
27、ContactsmokeapplyjoincancelturnExpectallowpromisebecomeimprove（二）arriveawareuseacceptattendkillsucceedstopintroducediscusspromotePointsolveinvitesaveprovide（三）RememberforgetrequirepracticeFailexplaincreatebuildspendsharestayfillsetcommunicateunderstandearndealpushpickenterdecreasedecide（四）recommenda
28、ffecttreatincreasehelppaybookchooseservedevelopchangefinishdeleteapologizecheckraisecarrybeat1.Pleasekeepadetailed_oftheworkthatyouhavedone.A.paperB.ideaC.exerciseD.record2.Softdrinksalesinthiscityhave_by8%comparedwithlastyear.A.pickedB.movedC.increasedD.pushed3.Jackcalledtheairlineto_hisflighttoBei
29、jingthismorning.A.improveB.believeC.confirmD.insure4.Inhisreportoftheaccidenthe_someimportantdetails.A.missedB.wastedC.escapedD.failed5.Dont_metohelpyouifyouarenotworkinghard.A.guessB.speakC.planD.expect6.Imsorry,butIhaveaquestionto_you.A.treatB.influenceC.askD.change7.Myimpressionoftheserviceintheh
30、otelwasthatithadreally_.A.improvedB.impliedC.importedD.imagined8.Howmuchdoesit_totaketheonlinetrainingcourse?A.costB.giveC.payD.spend9.Wehaventenoughroomsforeveryone,sosomeofyouwillhaveto_aroom.A.shareB.stayC.spareD.live形容词与副词一、形容词的比较级和最高级二、副词的比较级和最高级三、形容词修饰名词四、副词修饰动词、形容词1.Ofallthehotelsinthecity,th
31、isoneisthe(good)_.2.Thisquestionis(difficult)_thantheoneIhaveanswered.3.The(last)_modeloftheracingcarwillbeondisplayattheexhibitionthisweek.4.Thefilmturnedouttobe(successful)_thanwehadexpected.5.Itisafactthattraditionalmealsare(healthy)_thanfastfoods.比较级和最高级比较级和最高级6.Johnisthe(good)_engineerwehaveeve
32、rhiredinourdepartment7.Themorecarefulyouare,the(well)_youwillbeabletocompletethework.8.Somepeoplethink(much)_abouttheirrightthanabouttheirduties.9.Gaspricesare(high)_herethaninotherpartsofthecountry.10.Becauselighttravels(fast)_thansound,lightningisseenbeforethunderisheard.1.Thenew(nation)_museumwil
33、lbeopentothepublicnextweek.2.Althoughsheisyoungforthejob,sheisvery(experience)_.3.Thenewrulesforenvironmentalprotectionhavebeen(wide)_acceptedbythepublic.4.Whata(wonder)_partyitwas!Ienjoyedeveryminuteofit.5.Themanagerhaspromisedthatshewilldealwiththematter(immediate)_.词性转换词性转换6.Thevisitorswere(disap
34、point)_tofindthemuseumclosedwhentheyrushedthere.7.InChina,itisquite(nature)_forpeopletogobackhomefortheSpringFestival.8.Whilethisnewlawdoesnot(direct)_affectthequalityofwork,itwillgreatlybenefitemployees.9.(general)_speaking,heisapersonthatyoucantrust.10.Itwillbevery(help)_ifeachmemberpresentshisorherownopinionatthemeeting.
