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1、专题十非谓语动词非谓语动词1动词不定式动词不定式 分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对非谓语动词的考查，主语侧重于不定式和动名词，也会涉及过去分词和现在分词。涉及题型广泛，考生需要判断与之相关联的动词的用法，有的动词与不定式搭配，有的则是动名词。还有的动词既可以和不定式搭配也可以和动名词搭配，但意思完全不同。1.1.不定式的用法不定式的用法动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化。具体用法有：(1)作主语不定式作主语时，往往用形式主语it代替，作为句子真正的主语的动词不定式则被后置。如：Its necessary to learn a foreign language. 学习一门外
2、语很有必要。(2)作宾语动词不定式一般用在及物动词后作宾语。在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语，而将不定式移至形容词之后，构成“主语+谓语+it(形式宾语)+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。如：I hope to get there before dark. 我希望天黑以前到那儿。I found it difficult to solve the problem. 我发现解决这个问题很难。(it是形式宾语，不定式to solve the problem是真正的宾语，difficult是宾语补足语)常接动词不定式作宾语的动词常接动词不定式作宾语的动词agree同
3、意afford负担得起forget忘记decide决定expect预期hope/wish希望want想要learn学习manage成功begin开始prepare准备promise承诺pretend假装plan计划refuse拒绝try尽力need需要fail失败(3)作宾语补足语在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式作宾语补足语。如：My mother told me to study hard. 妈妈告诉我要努力学习。ask要求encourage鼓励want想要advise建议tell告诉invite邀请expect期望force强迫allow允许help帮助teach教persuade说
4、服(4)作状语常见的状语有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。如：Mr. Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake. 李先生将去杭州参观西湖。(作目的状语)(5)作定语动词不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词的后面，作后置定语。如：There are many ways to solve the problem. 有许多方法能解决这个问题。(6)作表语Their duty is to look after the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。2.“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”结构结构 动词不定式可以和what, which, when,
5、where, how等疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。如： When to go to Beijing hasnt been decided yet. 什么时候去北京还没定下来。(作主语) I havent decided when to leave yet. 我还没决定什么时候离开。(作宾语)3.动词不定式的否定形式：动词不定式的否定形式： not+to+动词原形。动词原形。如：The teacher told us not to swim in that river. 老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。4.不带不带to的动词不定式的动词不定式(1)使役动词
6、和感官动词后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾补。但是，当上述动词变为被动语态时，其后的不定式必须加上to。如：We often hear her sing. 我们经常听见她唱歌。后接省略to的不定式动词：五看：watch, see, observe, notice, look at三使：let,make,have二听：hear, listen to一感觉：feel(2)在would you please(你愿意吗), had better(最好), why not(为什么不), would rather(宁愿)等结构后，需用不带to的不定式。如：He said he would rather st
7、ay at home. 他说他宁愿待在家里。(3)两个并列的带to的不定式由and或or连接时，第二个不定式符号常常省略。如：She has learned to read and write. 她已经学会了读和写。考点小练1.I didnt hear you come in just now. Thats good. I tried the baby up. A. to wake B. not to wake C. waking D. wake2.Loud music makes us . A. want dance B. want to dance C. to want dance D.
8、to dance3.If all of us pull together, there must be something we can do the environment. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. improved4.Dont forget the book to me when you finish reading it. A. to bring B. bringing C. bring D. brought5.Li Tao is only an eight-year-old boy, but he has to do all h
9、e can money for his poor family. He really needs our help. A. to make B. make C. making D. madeBBBAA6.We advise parents their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A. not leave B. not to leave C. leave D. to leaveB2动名词动名词1.动名词的形式、特征动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成, 相当于名词。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。2
10、.动名词的用法（1）作主语。单独作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；如果并列的动名词(短语)作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式。如：Reading in bed is not good for your eyes. 在床上看书对你的眼睛不好。Reading and writing take me a lot of time. 读书和写作花费了我许多时间。注意注意:在英语中动词是不能作主语的, 应用动名词或动词不定式。表示泛指意义的行为时, 多用动名词作主语, 但表示具体的行为时, 必须用动词不定式, 此结构通常用it作形式主语, 真正的主语为动词不定式, 通常放后面。如：Getting up ea
11、rly is good for our health. 早起对我们的健康有好处。Its easy to read this book. 读这本书很容易。（2）作表语。）作表语。动名词(短语)作表语可以转化为动名词(短语)作主语。如：His favorite sport is playing ping-pong. Playing ping-pong is his favorite sport. 他最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。（3）作宾语。）作宾语。作动词宾语, 多用来表示习惯性动作。如：I like playing football very much. 我非常喜欢踢足球。常跟动名词作宾语的词常跟动
12、名词作宾语的词(组组)有：有：finish doing sth.做完某事practice doing sth.练习做某事be worth doing sth.值得做某事be busy doing sth.忙于做某事keep doing sth.一直做某事dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事be used to doing sth.习惯做某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事consider doing sth.考虑做某事suggest doing sth.建议做某事cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事feel like doing sth.想要做某事en
13、joy doing sth.喜欢做某事miss doing sth.错过做某事imagine doing sth.想象做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事avoid doing sth.避免做某事look forward to doing sth.期待做某事作介词宾语。如：Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是用来寄信的。3.动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语, 但表达的意思不同。如：(1)stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一
14、件事(2)try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try to do sth. 设法或努力去做某事(3)forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做) forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做)(4)remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做) remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)(5)regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事(已做) regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)(6)need doing sth. 需要做某事(被动含义) need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主动含义)(7)m
15、ean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算或想做某事考点小练7.My father often tells me too much time computer games. A. not to spend; play B . to spend; play C. not to cost; playing D. not to spend; playing8.Would you like shopping with us？ Id love to! But Im busy my homework. A. to go; doing B. go; to do C. to go; to do D. going; do9.Martin was so busy the old that he gave up his part-time job. A. helping B. helped C. to help D. help10.Please stop . Look at the sign“No smoking”. A. to smoke B . smoke C. smoking D. smokedDAACDA
