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1、TheObjectClause(Revision)宾语从句（复习）宾语从句（复习） 宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。 主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。宾宾 语语 从从 句句概念概念：句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、 动名词或动词不定式充当，当一动名词或动词不定式充当，当一 个句子充当宾语时个句子充当宾语时,我们把这个句我们把这个句 子叫做宾语从句。子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的三要点：宾语从句的三要点： 1、引导词、
2、引导词 2、从句语序、从句语序 3、从句的时态、从句的时态由从属连词由从属连词thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which， what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句一、一、引导词引导词：取决于从句的语气：取决于从句的语气1.从句是陈述语气时，引导词用that.2.从句是一般疑问语气时，引导词用if或whether.3.从句是特殊疑问语气时，引导词用特殊疑问词。e.g:Imafraidthatyouareright.Iwanttokno
3、wifitwillraintomorrow.Ididnthearwhathewantedmetodo.DoyouknowwhosebagIamcarrying?HeaskedmeifItaughtEnglish.注注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g. 1.Ihear(that)_.（一小时（一小时后他会回来）后他会回来）2.Hesaid(that)_.（他非常想念我们）（他非常想念我们）3.Theteachertoldus(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）（地球围着太阳转）hewillbebackinanhour hemissedusverymuch
4、 theearthmovesaroundthesun由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句1.Heasked.(谁谁能回答这个问题能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_.（他们在等他们在等谁谁）3.Heasked _. （谁的书法是班上最好的谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Pleasetellme_.（我我们什么时候开会们什么时候开会）5.Canyoutellme_.（他在哪儿他在哪儿）6.Couldyoutellme_.（我我该怎么去车站该怎么去车站）9.Wouldyoutellme_（为什么为什么火车迟到了火车迟
5、到了） whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclasswhenwellhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate由从属连词由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g. 1.Iwanttoknow_.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Askhim_.（他是否能来）（他是否能来）3.Idontknow_.（是否（是否要下雨）要下雨） if(whether)h
6、ewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornot1、当句末为、当句末为or not时，引导词只能用时，引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.2、在不定式前，、在不定式前，引导词只能用引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.例如：例如：I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.二、从句语序：一律用陈述语序二、从句语序：一律用陈述语序 主句主句+引导词引导词+主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词+其他其他nHe asked me when
7、I arrived in Shanghai .nI want to know where they will go.nCould you tell me what you are reading?nI dont know where he lives . e.ge.g : : Could you tell me how Could you tell me how I can get toI can get to the Science Museumthe Science Museum ? ? He asked him where He asked him where he came fromh
8、e came from . . Did you know Did you know whatwhats the name s the name of the handsome boy in the classroom of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterdayyesterday？ Please tell me where Please tell me where I can buy I can buy the beautiful flower .the beautiful flower .请注意观察红色字体的语序三、主三、主. .从句的时态呼应
9、从句的时态呼应n1.主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。n2.主句是一般过去时主句是一般过去时,从句用过去范畴的时态。从句用过去范畴的时态。n3.主句是一般过去时，但从句表达的是客观真主句是一般过去时，但从句表达的是客观真 理或自然现象时，仍然用一般现在时。理或自然现象时，仍然用一般现在时。ne.g: He says that he is reading a book now.n He said that he would work hard.n They said they had been to France.n The students asked
10、 me if the earth goes round the sun.具体的具体的时态的变化时态的变化 1. 1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。 e.ge.g I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice . . I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear
11、( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . . I hear ( that ) he is interested in English I hear ( that ) he is interested in English . .2.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。的某一
12、种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。 e.ge.g He said ( that ) he would go to Xi He said ( that ) he would go to Xian .an . He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . He said ( that ) he had had suppe
13、r already . He said ( that ) he had had supper already . 3.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。 e.ge.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon .moon . The teacher told the stude
14、nts that light The teacher told the students that light travels faster than sound. travels faster than sound. The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .is useful to our health .标点符号：宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句
15、时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。e.gHeaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelphim.DoyouknowwhereLiPingis?Pleasetellmewhichcolouryoulikebest.Wouldyoupleasetelltheteacherhowoldyouare?四、宾语从句的标点符号四、宾语从句的标点符号五、宾语从句的否定形式五、宾语从句的否定形式：一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是但若主句谓语动词是think、expect、believe、guess、
16、imagine、suppose等表示等表示“认为，猜想认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。否定式转移到主句中。e.gIdontthinkitsgoingtorain.Idontbelieveshewilllendyouthemoney.但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是hope，则不适用于此规则。，则不适用于此规则。e.gIhopehewontcome.六、宾语从句与直接引语变六、宾语从句与直接引语变间接引语的关系。间接引语的关系。直接引语变为间接引语之后通常都构成一直接引语变为间接引语之后通常都构成一个宾语从句。因此我
17、们要掌握好宾语从句个宾语从句。因此我们要掌握好宾语从句的用法必须也要熟悉直接引语变间接引语的用法必须也要熟悉直接引语变间接引语的规则。的规则。DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech引语的概念引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引述别人的原话，叫 _; _;直接引语直接引语 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _。间接引语间接引语直接引语通常都用直接引语通常都用_括起来，括起来， 引号引号“ “ ” ” 间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 _ _。宾语从句宾语从句DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechShe
18、said,“Ilikesinging.”Shesaid,“Iamwaitingforabus.”Shesaid,“IvisitedEuropelastyear.”Shesaid,“IhavenevermetanAmerican.”Shesaid,“Iwillseeyounextweek.”Shesaidthatshelikedsinging.Shesaidthatshewaswaitingforabus.ShesaidshehadvisitedEuropetheyearbefore.ShesaidshehadnevermetanAmerican.Shesaidthatshewouldseeme
19、thenextweek.SUMMARY 直直接接引引语语是是陈陈述述句句, ,变变为为间间接接引引语语时时用用连连词词that（可可省省略略）引引导导宾宾语语从从句句. .从从句句中中的的人人称称、时时态态、指指示示代代词词、时间状语、地点状语时间状语、地点状语等相应变化等相应变化. .、人称的变化、人称的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语一一随随主主二二随随宾宾第三第三人称人称不变不变引号内的第一人引号内的第一人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句主语的人称保句主语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第二人引号内的第二人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保句宾语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第三人引号内的第
20、三人称在变间引后人称在变间引后人称不变称不变She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,“ you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me ,“ They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted tohelp him.一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时一般过去
21、时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.”Theteachersaidthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.注注: : 直引若是客观真理直引若是客观真理, ,变为间引时变为间引时, ,时态不变时态不变. .时态变化2 2直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示指示代词代词时时间间状状语语地点状语地点状语方向性动词方向性动词this,that,thesethos
22、enow,then,todaythatdaythisweekthatweekyesterdaythedaybeforelastweektheweekbeforefourdaysagofourdaysbeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenext/followingdaynextmonththenext/followingmonthheretherecome,go,bringtake情态动词情态动词can,may,mustcould,might,hadtoDirectSpeechIndirectSpeechSheasked,“Hav
23、eyouseenthefilm?”SheaskedmewhetherifIhadseenthefilm.Heasked,“Areyouadoctor,John?”HeaskedJohnifwhetherhewasadoctor.Sheaskedus,“Whereareyougoingtogetoff?”Sheaskeduswhereweweregoingtogetoff.He asked them, “Who gave you a talkyesterday?”Heaskedthemwhohadgiventhematalkthedaybefore.SUMMARY 直直接接引引语语是是疑疑问问句
24、句，变变间间接接引引语语时时，要把疑问语序变为要把疑问语序变为陈述语序陈述语序。 直直接接引引语语是是一一般般疑疑问问句句, ,变变为为间间接接引引语时语时, ,用连词用连词 if或或whether连接。连接。 直直接接引引语语是是特特殊殊疑疑问问句句, ,变变为为间间接接引引语时语时, ,仍用仍用原来原来的疑问词的疑问词作连词来引导。作连词来引导。DirectSpeechIndirectSpeech“Neverdothatagain,”theteachersaidThepolicemanorderedustobequiet.Thepolicemanordered:“Bequiet.”Thet
25、eachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.Theteachersaidtotheboy,”Openthewindow.”Theteachertoldmenot/nevertodothatagain“Waitamoment”shesaidtothem.Sheaskedthemtowaitamoment. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成把动词原形变成动词不定式动词不定式，并在动词不，并在动词不定前加定前加tell,ask,order,advise等动等动词的宾语。词的宾语。注意：注意：否定句，在动词不定式前加否定句，在动词不定式
26、前加not或或never. .SUMMARY解题步骤解题步骤: :1.1.陈述句陈述句“Idontlikecomputers,”Sandysaidtoherfriends.Sandysaidtoherfriends thatIdontlikecomputers.said/tolddidntsheSandysaidto/toldherfriendsthatshedidntlikecomputers.2.2.一般疑问句一般疑问句: :Isiteasytoworkouttheproblem?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimifItiseasytoworkouttheproblem
27、.itiseasytoworkouttheproblem.askediswasTheyaskedhimif itwaseasytoworkouttheproblem.3.3.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)Theyaskedhimwhenyouharvestthewheatyou harvestthewheat.heharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenhe harvestedthewheat.4.4.祈使句祈使句Littleboy,putonyourcoat.(Theyordered)TheyorderedLi
28、ttleboyLittleboy,putonyourcoat.putonyourcoat.toputtoput Theyorderedthelittleboytoputonhiscoat.hishis 1.Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey_(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePa
29、rtysince1948.(be) will be goes were playing has returned had been 1.Heaskedwhatthey_ateightlastnight.(do)2.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_fasterthansound.(travel)3.Ithinkyou_abouttherelayracenow.(talk)4.Ididntknowwhomtheletters_from.(be)travels are talking were were doing10.Ididntknowwhattimehe_the
30、letter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth_(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_toseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey_yesterday?(do) wrote moves has taken had been risesdid将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句: :1
31、.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.4.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid. I asked where they stopped on the way. Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting? He asked if they liked to make friends with them. He said
32、that he was doing his homework. 将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句:5.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.6.“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.7.“Whenwillhecomeback?”Tomasked.Tom said that he would come back. Jim asked if he was doing his homework. Tom asked when he would come back.8.“HowcanIgettothestation?”Couldyoutellme?9.“Whyisthetrainlate?”Wouldyoutellme?10.“WhereisTom?”Theyasked.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was.
