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1、选修选修7 7Grammar and usageTo learn the differences between transitive verbs and intransitive verbsTo learn the usages of transitive verbs and intransitive verbs in different situationsObjectivesLook at the following sentences.1. When Polly left home at morning, the city was already covered in a grey m
2、ist. (Unit 1, Book 3)2. Then she heard the sound again soft footsteps behind her. (Unit 1, Book 3)3. Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? (Unit 2, Book 4)4. This encouraged him to become more confident around others. (Unit 3, Book 4)5. Im sitting on an invisible bench, of course. (Unit
3、1, Book 6)6. People light large fires outside, and everyone gathers around and has a party. (Unit 3, Book 6)Observe the sentences from P2-3:1. An American, Philo Farnsworth, made important breakthroughs in the development of TV in the late 1920s and early 1930s.2. It was not until the early 1950s th
4、at most tape recorders began using plastic tape as they do today.3. Who can foresee what the future will bring?4. This will soon make records, cassette recorders, CDs, DVDs and even TVs things of the past.5. They also make TV accessible to people who live far away from cities.6. The first public TV
5、broadcasts were made in the USA in 1925.7. Regular public broadcasting followed shortly afterwards.8. Many different people contributed to the development of TV.to test your sense of observationto test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuessPoint
6、out the words in red are transitive or intransitive.1. When Polly left home at morning, the city was already covered in a grey mist.2. Then she heard the sound again soft footsteps behind her. 3. Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? transitivetransitivetransitivetransitiveintransitiveRe
7、ady? Go!4. This encouraged him to become more confident around others. 5. Im sitting on an invisible bench, of course. 6. People light large fires outside, and everyone gathers around and has a party. transitiveintransitiveintransitivetransitive1. An American, Philo Farnsworth, made important breakt
8、hroughs in the development of TV in the late 1920s and early 1930s.2. It was not until the early 1950s that most tape recorders began using plastic tape as they do today.3. Who can foresee what the future will bring?transitivetransitivetransitiveThe sentences from P2-3:4. This will soon make records
9、, cassette recorders, CDs, DVDs and even TVs things of the past.5. They also make TV accessible to people who live far away from cities.6. The first public TV broadcasts were made in the USA in 1925.7. Regular public broadcasting followed shortly afterwards.8. Many different people contributed to th
10、e development of TV.transitivetransitivetransitiveintransitiveintransitive判断下列标红的动词是否及物。判断下列标红的动词是否及物。1. Bob shut the door behind himself on his way out.2. My brother sent me a letter last Tuesday.3. The noise outside in the street made it difficult for me to fall to sleep.4. My family went on a tri
11、p to London during the holiday.5. You talked too much at the dinner party.6. A white-haired man sat on a low bench, making shoes.transitivetransitivetransitiveintransitiveintransitiveintransitiveDo you know what vt. and vi. refer to?vt refers to a transitive verb, and vi refers to an intransitive ve
12、rb.英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成及物动词与不及物动词。词分成及物动词与不及物动词。及物动词及物动词(vt.)后必须跟有动作的对象（即后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。不及物动词不及物动词(vi.)后面不可直接接宾语，一后面不可直接接宾语，一般要加介词后再接宾语。般要加介词后再接宾语。及物动词可以带直接宾语、间接宾语或宾及物动词可以带直接宾语、间接宾语或宾语补足语。可以用于：语补足语。可以用于：“主语主语+谓语谓语+宾宾语语”、“主语主语+谓语谓语+双宾语双宾语”和和“主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语
13、补足语宾语补足语”结构中。结构中。例如：例如：He reached Paris the day before yesterday.Please hand me the book over there.Conclusion about transitive verbs:He likes to go fishing with the whole family at weekends.It was not until the early 1950s that most tape recorders began using plastic tape as they do today.It is dif
14、ficult for me to believe that he can achieve such great success in such a short time.(1)(1)及物动词的宾语可以是名词、代及物动词的宾语可以是名词、代词、不定式、动名词或者宾语从句。词、不定式、动名词或者宾语从句。want, hope, wish, like, begin, start, agree, learn, mean, teach, refuse, help, arrange, dare, decide, determine, fail, manage, offer, prepare, preten
15、d, continue, ask, promise, expect, choose, preferThe following words are usually followed by to do sth. as the object:admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, suggest, avoid, enjoy, practise, finish, miss, keep, understandWe use a verb-ing form after these verbs: Some verbs can be followed by
16、 a verb-ing form or to do sth., but with some differences in meanings or usage. regret to do: 抱歉要做某事抱歉要做某事 regret doing: 后悔做了某事后悔做了某事 eg. I regret to tell you that you are fired. 我抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。我抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。 I regret telling him the truth. 我后悔告诉他真相。我后悔告诉他真相。 forget to do: 忘记去做某事忘记去做某事 forget doing: 忘记
17、做了某事忘记做了某事 eg. He forgot to close the door when he left. 他离开时忘了关门了。他离开时忘了关门了。 I will never forget winning my first gold medal. 我永远忘不了我第一次获得金牌我永远忘不了我第一次获得金牌 的情况。的情况。 remember to do: 记得要做某事记得要做某事 remember doing: 记得曾经做过的事记得曾经做过的事eg. Remember to post the letter for me on your way to work, OK? 在你上班的路上记得帮
18、我把信寄了，在你上班的路上记得帮我把信寄了， 好吗？好吗？ I remember seeing this man somewhere. 我记得在哪儿见过这个人。我记得在哪儿见过这个人。 mean to do: 打算做某事打算做某事 mean doing: 意味着做某事意味着做某事eg. I mean to come earlier today. 我今天打算早点来。我今天打算早点来。 Missing this train means waiting for another hour. 错过这列火车意味着又要等一个错过这列火车意味着又要等一个 小时小时。 try to do: 努力做某事努力做某事
19、 try doing: 尝试做某事尝试做某事eg. She tried to finish the work as quickly as she could. 她努力地要尽快完成这项工作。她努力地要尽快完成这项工作。 I tried doing the exercise in a different way. 我尝试用另一种方法解题。我尝试用另一种方法解题。 stop to do: 停下来做某事停下来做某事 stop doing: 停止做某事停止做某事eg. The workers stopped to have a rest. 工人们停下来休息。工人们停下来休息。 The workers s
20、topped working and took a rest. 工人们停止了手中的活，休息一工人们停止了手中的活，休息一 下。下。(2)双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成。一双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成。一般情况下，直接宾语般情况下，直接宾语_，间接宾语，间接宾语_。直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，。直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的目标（为谁做）。或动作的目标（为谁做）。Please show me the letter.(me = indirect object; the letter = direct object)Ca
21、n you buy me a meal?IODO指物指物指人指人(3) 动词的宾语补足语也可以是一个名词、动词的宾语补足语也可以是一个名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或是非谓语动词形容词、副词、介词短语或是非谓语动词构成，用来对宾语进行补充说明。构成，用来对宾语进行补充说明。She wanted me to give her some money.(O是代词；是代词；C是不定式是不定式)I found the old man lying dead on the road.(O是名词；是名词；C是现在分词是现在分词)We saw the road covered with snow.(O是名词；是名
22、词；C是过去分词是过去分词)宾语与宾语补足语的逻辑关系：宾语与宾语补足语的逻辑关系：从这几个句子中的动词不定式和分词作从这几个句子中的动词不定式和分词作宾语补足语来看，在逻辑上它们与其前宾语补足语来看，在逻辑上它们与其前的宾语具有主谓关系，其中现在分词表的宾语具有主谓关系，其中现在分词表示动作的进行状态；过去分词表示动作示动作的进行状态；过去分词表示动作的被动或完成状态；不定式则含有将来的被动或完成状态；不定式则含有将来的行为。的行为。They found the little boy interesting.(O是名词；是名词；C是形容词是形容词)They named the baby Ja
23、ck.(O是名词；是名词；C是名词是名词)She always keeps everything in good order.(O是代词；是代词；C是介词短语是介词短语)He found his teacher out when he called on him.(O是名词；是名词；C是副词是副词)宾语与宾语补足语的逻辑关系：宾语与宾语补足语的逻辑关系：从以上几个句子中的名词、形容词、从以上几个句子中的名词、形容词、副词和介词短语作宾语补足语来看，副词和介词短语作宾语补足语来看，在逻辑上它们与其前面的宾语形成了在逻辑上它们与其前面的宾语形成了主表关系，用来表示宾语的身份、特主表关系，用来表示宾
24、语的身份、特征、状态等。征、状态等。(4)大多数的及物动词都可以用于大多数的及物动词都可以用于_语态。在一个句子中，如果主语是动作的语态。在一个句子中，如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用该语态。例如：其他人完成的，则用该语态。例如：孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。 主动：主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome. 被动：被动：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children
25、. 被动被动主动：主动：They have warned us to be careful of rats. 被动：被动：We have been warned to be careful of rats by them. 他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。 主动：主动：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets. 被动被动: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets. 人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在
26、街上。 Conclusion about intransitive verbs:不及物动词没有宾语，也不能用于被动语态。不及物动词没有宾语，也不能用于被动语态。但是不及物动词后面通常可接但是不及物动词后面通常可接_词或者词或者_。Regular public broadcasting followed shortly afterwards.Technology is now changing faster than most people can keep pace with.MD stands for MiniDisc.The ship set sail and headed for Sha
27、nghai.副副介词短语介词短语英语中很多动词既可以做英语中很多动词既可以做及物动词及物动词，又可，又可以做以做不及物动词不及物动词。我们需要视具体情况来。我们需要视具体情况来判断。例如：判断。例如：1. He is drawing in the garden. He is drawing a picture in the garden.2. Helen ran every weekend when she was at college. Toms father runs a big company in his hometown. Choose the correct words or ph
28、rases to complete the sentences. (P9 B)1. answer/answer fora. Hearing the bell, Jane got up from her chair and went to _ the door.b. If you continue to behave like this, youll have to _ your behavior.2. benefit/benefit froma. The project has _ the country in many aspects.b. It is expected that both
29、countries will _ this agreement.answeranswer forbenefitedbenefit from3. decide/decide againsta. Have you _ what to do after graduation?b. To our surprise, they _ the plan yesterday without any explanation.4. pay/pay fora. He thanked the repairman and _ him twenty dollars.b. To _ the ticket for the c
30、oncert, my sister decided to take a part-time job.decideddecided againstpaidpay for5. adjust/adjust toa. Im afraid we have to _ the b. development of computer technology.c.b. The monitor needs to be _ so d. that everyone can read what is on the e. screen.adjust toadjustedanswer forThe teachers must
31、answer for their students disgusting behaviour on the school trip.That young man has a lot to answer for.Im sure John will help us I cant answer for the others.This box can answer for a chair.对对 负责负责; (为为)担保担保;充当充当, 起起作用作用decide in favour of / against1) 选择选择/不选择（某人或某物）不选择（某人或某物）After long discussion
32、 they decided in favour of the younger candidate.At the meeting we decided against carrying out the plan.2) 作出有利于作出有利于/不利于（某人的）裁决不利于（某人的）裁决The jury decided against the plaintiff (原告原告).1. vt. = _; vi. = _.2. Can you tell the differences between transitive verbs and intransitive verbs?transitive verb
33、intransitive verb请点击请点击wordword图标图标Quiz I: Choose vt. or vi.1. Peters situation has improved with the 2. help of his teachers and friends.3. Peter has improved his English with the 4. help of his foreign friends.5.2. She delayed for months before deciding 6. to go there.7. She decided to delay her t
34、rip until April or May.vt.vi.vi.vt.3. What time is it? I forgot to wind my watch. Make sure the thread winds evenly around the bobbin(线轴线轴).4. The volunteers contribute huge amount of their own time to the project. Various factors contributed to his downfall.vt.vi.vt.vi.Quiz II: Choose the best answ
35、er.1. Parents _ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.A. attach B. pay C. link D. apply2. How did you like Nicks performance last night? To be honest, his singing didnt _ to me much. A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur3. The new movie _ to
36、 be one of the biggest money-makers of all time. A. promises B. agrees C. pretends D. opposes4. Shall I pick you up tonight? No, thanks. Dont _ to come. I can take a taxi. A. have B. bother C. worry D. annoy5. The Somali robbers frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to _ all nations t
37、o take immediate action. A. fight for B. apply for C. call on D. wait on6. The good thing about children is that they _ very easily to new environments. A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply7. Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to_ a good teacher. A. make B. turn C. get D.
38、grow8. The doctor said jokingly that his own infection of the virus _ the discovery of a vaccine（疫苗）（疫苗）of the disease. A. stood for B. called for C. paid for D. contributed to1. Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives, including your own. (2013安徽安徽) A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change2. A
39、ccording to the law, all foreigners have to _ with the local police within two weeks of arrival. (2013湖北湖北) A. associate B. dispute C. negotiate D. register 3. Shakespeares writing is still popular today. It has really _ the test of time. (2014安徽安徽) A. failed B. stood C. taken D. conducted4. It is w
40、idely acknowledged that students should be _ in terms of overall quality. (2014福建福建) A. supported B. matched C. evaluated D. controlled5. Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but _ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow. (2014湖北湖北) A. slipped B.
41、 skied C. signalled D. sank6. The two countries are going to meet to _ some barriers to trade between them. (2014天津天津) A. make up B. use up C. turn down D. break downQuiz III. 阅读短文，判断短文中划线部阅读短文，判断短文中划线部分是及物动词（分是及物动词（vt.）还是不及物动词）还是不及物动词（vi.）。）。In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole
42、, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time. Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. vi.vt.vi.vi.At one point, it seemed certain that their plan
43、e would crash. It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. vi.vi.vt.vi.vt.Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole which wa
44、s 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight. The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty. vt.vt.Preview Task about helping buy an electronic dictionary:Skills building 1: listening for what is most importantSkills building 2: asking for information by telephoneSkills building 3: giving advice politelyFinish part A on page 9 and part C1, C2 on page 100.
