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1、四级快速阅读讲义Stillwatersrundeep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深Wherethereislife,thereishope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望快速阅读快速阅读Skimming and Scanning*四级考试时间安排四级考试时间安排8:40 8:40 9:00 9:00 入场，三证，试音入场，三证，试音9:00 9:00 9:10 9:10 发答题卡发答题卡I I、IIII9:10 9:10 9:40 9:40 作文作文 3030 15 15分分9:35 9:35 发试题册发试题册9:40 9:40 9:55 9:55 快速阅读快速阅读 1515 10 10
2、分分9:55 9:55 10:00 10:00 收答题卡收答题卡I I*快速阅读快速阅读Skimming and Scanning**文字排版要求在这个白框区域内，这个区域是我画上去的，最后的完成的课件需要把这个框去掉的啊。中英文字体统一为方正黑体简体，最小字号不得小于30号，字体颜色要求白色为主，黄色或量绿色为辅，避免使用红色字体。*浏览大标题、小标题浏览大标题、小标题精读文章首段找主题精读文章首段找主题看一题做一题关键词定位配合顺看一题做一题关键词定位配合顺序原则序原则解题步骤解题步骤*For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement
3、 agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.*For questions 1-7, choos
4、e the best answer from the four choices marked A），），B），），C ）and D）. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.**文字排版要求在这个白框区域内，这个区域是我画上去的，最后的完成的课件需要把这个框去掉的啊。中英文字体统一为方正黑体简体，最小字号不得小于30号，字体颜色要求白色为主，黄色或量绿色为辅，避免使用红色字体。*文字排版要求在这个白框区域内，这个区域是我画上去的，最后的完成的课件需要把这个框去掉的
5、啊。中英文字体统一为方正黑体简体，最小字号不得小于30号，字体颜色要求白色为主，黄色或量绿色为辅，避免使用红色字体。*A Grassroots Remedy 1 Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seasi
6、de, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they dont run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. *Universities Branch Out 2007.12How Do You See Diversity? 2009.6College tak
7、ing another look at value of merit-based aid* 2009.12Integrity 2011.12*A Grassroots Remedy 1 Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go
8、to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they dont run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. *Five ways to find harmony with the natural world Walk: Break t
9、he rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb. Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, a
10、nywhere thats not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed. *A Grassroots Remedy 1 Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the g
11、arden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they dont run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads t
12、o the park or the river. *end = purpose 目的*A Grassroots Remedy 1 Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weeken
13、d place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they dont run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. *instinctively 本能地*A Grassroots Remedy 1 Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural wor
14、ld. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jo
15、g, they dont run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. *head 朝向（前进）We are heading home.*It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not. 2 But despite this, our children are growing up
16、 nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, *profound = deep*It is my p
17、rofound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not. 2 But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these anci
18、ent freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, *1. What is the authors profound belief? A) People instinctively seek nature in different ways. B) People should spend most of their lives in the wild. C) People ha
19、ve quite different perceptions of nature. D) People must make more efforts to study nature. *It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not. 2 But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my
20、boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, *1. What is the authors profound belief? A A) People instinct
21、ively seek nature in different ways. B) People should spend most of their lives in the wild. C) People have quite different perceptions of nature. D) People must make more efforts to study nature. *perception 观念*1. What is the authors profound belief? A A) People instinctively seek nature in differe
22、nt ways. B) People should spend most of their lives in the wild. C) People have quite different perceptions of nature. D) People must make more efforts to study nature. *2. What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?A) Personal freedom. B) Things that are natural. C) Urban su
23、rroundings. D) Things that are purchased. *prefer = favor，rather 宁愿prefer A to B = rather A than B*It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not. 2 But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spe
24、nt my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, *these days = nowadays*It is my profound belief that no
25、t only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not. 2 But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to p
26、roblems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, *that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found. 3 The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the ch
27、ildren were assessed for ADHDattention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%. *2. What does the author say people prefer for th
28、eir children nowadays? DA) Personal freedom. B) Things that are natural. C) Urban surroundings. D) Things that are purchased. *3. What does a study in Sweden show?A) The natural environment can help children learn better. B) More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill. C) A good pla
29、yground helps kids develop their physical abilities. D) Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD. *that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found. 3 The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the chi
30、ldren were assessed for ADHDattention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%. * 4 A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten
31、children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.*3. What does a s
32、tudy in Sweden show?A) The natural environment can help children learn better. B) More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill. C) A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities. D) Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD. *access = the right or opportu
33、nity to have or use sth 接近，进入，有权使用*3. What does a study in Sweden show? BA) The natural environment can help children learn better. B) More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill. C) A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities. D) Natural views can prevent children
34、 from developing ADHD. *4. Children who have chances to explore natural areas _. A) tend to develop a strong love for science B) are more likely to fantasise about wildlife C) tend to be physically tougher in adulthoodD) are less likely to be involved in bullying* 5 Another study found that children
35、 play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagi
36、nation and creativity. * 6 Most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to ha
37、ng about in corners fantasising about wildlife. *harsh = rough 粗糙的hang about 闲逛*4. Children who have chances to explore natural areas _D_. A) tend to develop a strong love for science B) are more likely to fantasise about wildlife C) tend to be physically tougher in adulthoodD) are less likely to be
38、 involved in bullying*5. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD?A) Find more effective drugs for them.B) Provide more green spaces for them. C) Place them under more personal care. D) Engage them in more meaningful activities. * 7 But children are frequently discouraged from i
39、nvolvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls. * 8 One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increa
40、singly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places. *5. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD? BA) Find more effective dru
41、gs for them.B) Provide more green spaces for them. C) Place them under more personal care. D) Engage them in more meaningful activities. *6. In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature?A) They look on life optimistically. B) They enjoy a life of better quality. C) They are a
42、ble to live longer. D) They become good-humoured. *9 The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most
43、 important thing in finding that quality. *measurably = noticeably, remarkably显著地*9 The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds t
44、hat a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality. *6. In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature? BA) They look on life optimistically. B) They enjoy a life of better quality. C) They are able to live longer. D) They become good-humoured. *7. Dr Willi
45、am Bird suggests in his study that _. A) humanity and nature are complementary to each otherB) wild places may induce impulsive behaviour in peopleC) access to nature contributes to the reduction of violenceD) it takes a long time to restore nature once damaged*10 In wider and more difficult areas o
46、f life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. *11 Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his s
47、tudy, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution. *restorative 恢复的*11 Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the
48、Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution. *impulsive 冲动的*11 Dr William Bird, research
49、er from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution. *7. Dr Wi
50、lliam Bird suggests in his study that _C_. A) humanity and nature are complementary to each otherB) wild places may induce impulsive behaviour in peopleC) access to nature contributes to the reduction of violenceD) it takes a long time to restore nature once damaged*填空：关键词定位，把定位的本填空：关键词定位，把定位的本句与题干信
51、息一一对应，缺失的句与题干信息一一对应，缺失的成分即为答案，时态、搭配、主成分即为答案，时态、搭配、主谓关系与题干一致（尤其注意动谓关系与题干一致（尤其注意动词开头）。词开头）。*8. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be_.*12 We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error h
52、ere is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging. *8. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be separated .*9. The author believes that we would not
53、be so civilised without _. *13 Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a p
54、int of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that. *14 We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things aroun
55、d us we are less than human. *9. The author believes that we would not be so civilised without the wild world . *10.The five suggestions the author gives at the end of the passage are meant to encourage people to seek _ with the natural world.*Five ways to find harmony with the natural world Walk: B
56、reak the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb. Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the gar
57、den, anywhere thats not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed. *10.The five suggestions the author gives at the end of the passage are meant to encourage people to seek harmony with the natural world
58、.* Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background. Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, fi
59、ve trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life. Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for th
60、e scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all. *For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if statement contradicts the informa
61、tion given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.*Six Secrets of High-Energy People1. Do something new.2. Reclaim lifes meaning.3. Put yourself in the fun zone.4. Bid farew
62、ell to guilt and regret.5. Make up your mind.6. Give to get.*Six Secrets of High-Energy People 1 Theres an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. Millions of us get up each morning already weary over the day holds. “I just cant get started,” people say. But its not phy
63、sical energy that most of us lack. Sure, we could all use extra sleep and a better diet. But in truth, people are healthier today than at any time in history. I can almost guarantee that if you long for more energy, the problem is not with your body.*crisis 危机fossil fuel 化石燃料*1. The energy crisis in
64、 America discussed here mainly refers to a shortage of fossil fuels.*refer to 指的是*Six Secrets of High-Energy People 1 Theres an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. Millions of us get up each morning already weary over the day holds. “I just cant get started,” people
65、 say. But its not physical energy that most of us lack. Sure, we could all use extra sleep and a better diet. But in truth, people are healthier today than at any time in history. I can almost guarantee that if you long for more energy, the problem is not with your body.*N 1. The energy crisis in Am
66、erica discussed here mainly refers to a shortage of fossil fuels.*2. People these days tend to lack physical energy.*Six Secrets of High-Energy People 1 Theres an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. Millions of us get up each morning already weary over the day holds
67、. “I just cant get started,” people say. But its not physical energy that most of us lack. Sure, we could all use extra sleep and a better diet. But in truth, people are healthier today than at any time in history. I can almost guarantee that if you long for more energy, the problem is not with your
68、 body.*N 2. People these days tend to lack physical energy.*3. Laura Hillenbrand is an example cited to show how emotional energy can contribute to ones success in life.* 2 What youre seeking is not physical energy. Its emotional energy. Yet, sad to say, life sometimes seems designed to exhaust our
69、supply. We work too hard. We have family obligations. We encounter emergencies and personal crises. No wonder so many of us suffer from emotional fatigue, a kind of utter exhaustion of the spirit.* 3 And yet we all know people who are filled with joy, despite the unpleasant circumstances of their li
70、ves. Even as a child, I observed people who were poor, or disabled, or ill, but who nonetheless faced life with optimism and vigor. Consider Laura Hillenbrand, who despite an extremely weak body, wrote the best-seller Seabiscuit. Hillenbrand barely had enough physical energy to drag herself out of b
71、ed to write. But she was fueled by having a story she wanted to share. It was emotional energy that helped her succeed.*Y 3. Laura Hillenbrand is an example cited to show how emotional energy can contribute to ones success in life.*4. The author believes emotional energy is inherited and genetically
72、 determined.*inherited 继承的，遗传的genetically 遗传（基因）方面* 4 Unlike physical energy, which is finite and diminishes with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringing. So how do you get it? You cant simply tell yourself to be positive. You must take action. Here are six
73、practical strategies that work.*N 4. The author believes emotional energy is inherited and genetically determined.*5. Even small changes people make in their lives can help increase their emotional energy.*1. Do something new. Very little thats new occurs in our lives. The impact of this sameness on
74、 our emotional energy is gradual, but huge: Its like a tire with a slow leak. You dont notice it at first, but eventually youll get a flat. Its up to you to plug the leakeven though there are always a dozen reasons to stay stuck in your dull routines of life. Thats where Maura, 36, a waitress, found
75、 herself a year ago.* Fortunately, Maura had a lifelinea group of women friends who meet regularly to discuss their lives. Their lively discussions spurred Maura to make small but nevertheless life altering changes. She joined a gym in the next town. She changed her look with a short haircut and new
76、 black T-shirts. Eventually, Maura gathered the courage to quit her job and start her own business.* Heres a challenge: If its something you wouldnt ordinarily do, do it. Try a dish youve never eaten. Listen to music youd ordinarily tune out. Youll discover these small things add to your emotional e
77、nergy.*Y 5. Even small changes people make in their lives can help increase their emotional energy.*6. Ivy filled her life with meaning by launching a program to help poor children.*launch 发起，发射，推动*2. Reclaim lifes meaning. So many of my patients tell me that their lives used to have meaning, but th
78、at somewhere along the line things went stale. The first step in solving this meaning shortage is to figure out what you really care about, and then do something about it. A case in point is Ivy, 57, a pioneer in investment banking. “I mistakenly believed that all the*money I made would mean somethi
79、ng,” she says. “But I feel lost, like a 22-year-old wondering what to do with her life.” Ivys solution? She started a program that shows Wall Streeters how to donate time and money to poor children. In the process, Ivy filled her life with meaning.*Y 6. Ivy filled her life with meaning by launching
80、a program to help poor children.*7. The real-estate broker the author knows is talented in home redecoration.*real-estate 房地产，不动产broker 经纪人talented 有天赋的redecoration 再装修*3. Put yourself in the fun zone. Most of us grown-ups are seriously fun-deprived. High-energy people have the same day-to-day work
81、as the rest of us, but they manage to find something enjoyable in every situation. A real estate broker I know keeps herself amused on the job by mentally redecorating the houses she shows to clients. “I love imagining what even the most run-down house could*amused = to entertain or interest 好好玩玩的的，
82、有有兴趣的兴趣的*look like with a little tender loving care,” she says. “Its a challengeand the least desirable properties are usually the most fun.” We all define fun differently, of course, but I can guarantee this: If you put just a bit of it into your day, you energy will increase quickly.*NG 7. The rea
83、l-estate broker the author knows is talented in home redecoration.*8. People holding on to sad memories of the past will find it difficult to _.*4. Bid farewell to guilt and regret. Everyones past is filled with regrets that still cause pain. But from an emotional energy point of view, they are dead
84、 weights that keep us from moving forward. While they cant merely be willed away, I do recommend you remind yourself that whatever happened is in the past, and nothing can change that. Holding on to the memory only allows the damage to continue into the present.*bid farewell 告别告别guilt 内疚内疚regret 悔恨悔
85、恨 *4. Bid farewell to guilt and regret. Everyones past is filled with regrets that still cause pain. But from an emotional energy point of view, they are dead weights that keep us from moving forward. While they cant merely be willed away, I do recommend you remind yourself that whatever happened is
86、 in the past, and nothing can change that. Holding on to the memory only allows the damage to continue into the present.*dead weights 累赘，包袱*4. Bid farewell to guilt and regret. Everyones past is filled with regrets that still cause pain. But from an emotional energy point of view, they are dead weig
87、hts that keep us from moving forward. While they cant merely be willed away, I do recommend you remind yourself that whatever happened is in the past, and nothing can change that. Holding on to the memory only allows the damage to continue into the present.*8. People holding on to sad memories of th
88、e past will find it difficult to move forward .*9. When it comes to decision-making, one should make a quick choice without _.*5. Make up your mind. Say youve been thinking about cutting your hair short. Will it look stylishor too extreme? You endlessly think it over. Having the decision hanging ove
89、r your head is a huge energy drain. Every time you cant decide, you burden yourself with alternatives. Quit thinking that you have to make the right decision; instead, make a choice and dont look back.*9. When it comes to decision-making, one should make a quick choice without looking back .*10. Emo
90、tional energy is in a way different from physical energy in that the more you give, _.*6. Give to get. Emotional energy has a kind of magical quality: the more you give, the more you get back. This is the difference between emotional and physical energy. With the latter, you have to get it to be abl
91、e to give it. With the former, however, you get it by giving it.*10. Emotional energy is in a way different from physical energy in that the more you give, the more you get back .* Start by asking everyone you meet, “How are you?” as if you really want to know, then listen to the reply. Be the one w
92、ho hears. Most of us also need to smile more often. If you dont smile at the person you love first thing in the morning, youre sucking energy out of your relationship. Finally, help another personand make the help real, concrete. Give a massage (按摩) to someone you love, or cook her dinner. Then, expand the circle to work. Try asking yourself what youd do if your goal were to be helpful rather than efficient. After all, if its true that what goes around comes around, why not make sure that whats circulating around you is the good stuff?*Thanks*
