《阅读理解主旨大意题》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《阅读理解主旨大意题（27页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、高三英语专题高三英语专题复习复习How To Get The Main Idea?如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题?题题型型及及解解题题技技巧巧123456细节理解细节理解观点态度观点态度篇章结构篇章结构推理判断推理判断阅读技巧阅读技巧 主旨大意主旨大意 考查考生考查考生1.What is the main subject /the best title of the passage?2. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 3. The title that best expresses the main ide
2、a of the passage is _.4. From the passage we know that _.5. The main idea of this passage is _.6. The passage is mainly about _.7. Choose the best title for the passage.8. The 8. The best title/ headlinebest title/ headline for this passage for this passage might be_. might be_.9. The text (passage)
3、 could The text (passage) could be entitledbe entitled_10. Which of the following would be Which of the following would be suitable suitable as a titleas a title for the passage? for the passage? 11. 11. This passage This passage chiefly deals withchiefly deals with_._.12. Whats the 12. Whats the to
4、pictopic of the article? of the article?13. What is the 13. What is the subjectsubject discussed in discussed in the text? the text?14. With what 14. With what topic topic is the passage is the passage chiefly chiefly concerned? concerned?The position of the topic sentenceAt the beginningAt the endI
5、n the middleNo clear topic sentence Rats are still almost as big a danger to people as they were long ago. They still spread disease and eat crops. Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats. They eat half of the grain harvested in the world.topic sentence ？_主题句出现在文章或段落开头主题句出现在文章或段落开头时，先时，先提
6、出主题提出主题, 随之用随之用细节细节来来解释解释, 支撑或发展主题句支撑或发展主题句所所表达的主题思想表达的主题思想. 最常见的演最常见的演绎法写作方式。绎法写作方式。One of the most important weapons used during the Second World War was not a weapon used against people, but rather a drug used against disease. The wartime use of penicillin（青霉素青霉素） saved thousands of lives. In the
7、 First World War, for example, pneumonia （肺炎（肺炎）was responsible for eighteen percent of all the deaths in the United States army. In the Second World War, the rate went down to less than one percent. topic sentence ？ Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world popula
8、tion is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.topic sentence ？Often no one looks more g
9、uilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi- -onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearanceSo, it is foolish totry to judge a person
10、 only by his appearance主题句出现在文章或段落主题句出现在文章或段落结尾时，结尾时， 在在表述细节后表述细节后,归归纳要点纳要点, 印象印象, 结论建议或结论建议或结果结果, 以以概括主题概括主题. 这是英这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。方式。On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way
11、 to stop his roller skates（旱冰鞋旱冰鞋）. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time!topic sentence ？We think of a flood or an earthquake as a natural disaster. To man
12、y of natures animals, however, the greatest disaster is the coming of large numbers of humans. When settlers came from the East to Americas great western plains, they killed millions of bison（北北美美野野牛牛）, poisoned the prairie dogs（草草 原原 犬犬 鼠鼠 ）, and shot the coyotes（郊郊狼狼）. All this upset the areas bal
13、ance of nature. For the animals, it was worse than a flood or earthquake.topic sentence ? 当主题句出现在文中时，通当主题句出现在文中时，通常前面只常前面只提出问题，提出问题，然后然后由随由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中申在文中导出主题导出主题, 而后又作而后又作进一步的解释进一步的解释, 支撑或发展支撑或发展。 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inve
14、ntions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.topic sentence ? 即主题句即主题句
15、隐含隐含在全文中在全文中, 没有明没有明确的主题句确的主题句. 必须必须根据文篇中所提根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。于宽泛，要恰如其分。TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBe
16、rlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that_.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgr
17、aduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetailtopic sentence ?Practice练习练习Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only7
18、9.Twodayssale.Hurry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts395.Thissalestrickiscalled“bait（诱饵）诱饵）andswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswit
19、chedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_.A.BuyerBewareB.Closeout(出清存货)SaleC.CrimePaysD.BuyingaTVSetThissalestrickiscalled“baitandswitch”.Ex .1topic sentence ? Reading is the key to school success and, like
20、any skill it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精确精确), without thinking. Tennis players call that “ being” in the zone.” Educators call i
21、t “ automaticity (自自动动).Q: The first paragraph tells us _.A.whatautomaticityisB.howaccuracyisacquiredC.howachildlearnstowalkD.howanathleteistrained.Ex.2如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题做此类题目时，做此类题目时，第一第一：要搞清是问某一段还要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往
22、往是关键信息。题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。第二：第二：任何任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。容易抓住文章的中心。Summary 第三第三: 要学会借助文章的结构来把握中要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。心思想。段落中心思想段落中心思想常常由主题句常常由主题句( Topic sentence)来表达。主题句常常出来表达。主题句常常出现在段首现在段首(6
23、0%-90%)或段尾处或段尾处, 有时也有时也在段落中间。同样在段落中间。同样, 一篇文章的中心思一篇文章的中心思想想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此, 在阅读中在阅读中, 我们要对文章的开始段和结我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。1所选有据，避免主观阅读他人作品，理解他人的意图，必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点和看法混为一谈，自以为是。文章中的数字、日期、时间、表限量的词或短语等都是设题的重点，若只注意明显的内容，
24、正好走进实的陷井。若不注意虚的内容，想当然答题多半会错。因此，必须学会“虚实结合”2符合原文的答案正确答案最佳答案阅读题要求选的是最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对，但从全文来看则不是最佳的。因此，必须通盘考虑，取主题，舍枝节。3解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善于思考。要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度，同时也要探索和总结适合自己的方法。实践出真知，多练出效益。Homework:1.Finishtheexercisesonthepaper2.Writeashortpassage.Thebeginninghasbeengiven:My deskate is a boy who is ready to help oters.Thanks for your attendance!
