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1、English Grammar Sentences 英语句子种类与类型英语句子种类与类型I、句子种类（按交际用途分）句子种类（按交际用途分） 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、 THERE-BE存在句存在句II、句子类型（按句子结构分）句子类型（按句子结构分） 简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句提提 纲纲I、句子种类（按交际用途分）句子种类（按交际用途分） 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、感叹句、THERE-BE存在句存在句1、陈述句、陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，说明一个事实或陈述
2、一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。语序是主语在前，谓语在后。 She arrived early. She cannot have arrived now.注：注：1）半否定句半否定句I hardly know anything about it. 2）部分否定句部分否定句与与全否定句全否定句I dont like both the films.I like neither Cathy nor Mary. 3)否定转移否定转移I dont think it will be very cold today. (believe, expect, suppose,imagine)
3、I、句句子子种种类类2、疑问句、疑问句 有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。疑问句、反义疑问句。I、句句子子种种类类1）一般疑问句）一般疑问句 用来询问一件事，答案通常是用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或或 no，注意语序。注意语序。Have you anything to say?Did someone phone me last night? Cant you understand it? Isnt it a beautiful lake? -Havent you been to the UK? -No, I havent.2）特殊疑问句）特殊疑
4、问句 疑问词有疑问词有who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等。等。I、句句子子种种类类（1）陈述语序）陈述语序Who was the first man in space?（2）倒装语序倒装语序Who are you talking about?注：注：A、简略式简略式 Why not go alone? Why get so angry? How/What about taking a rest? B、复杂特殊疑问句复杂特殊疑问句 What do you think he has done? I、句句子子种种类类3）选择疑问句）选择疑问句 (1)以一
5、般疑问句为基础以一般疑问句为基础Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman?Shall I help you or can you manage?(2)以特殊疑问句为基础以特殊疑问句为基础Which do you prefer, red wine or white?How shall we go there? By bus or by train? I、句句子子种种类类4）反义疑问句）反义疑问句 问：问：+ +，- -？或？或- -，+ +？ 答：答：+ +，+. +. 或或- -，-.-.1.Tom hardly knows French, _ _?
6、2.Mary didnt fail her exam, did she? -_, she didnt.3.You neednt come, _ you? You need to come, _ you?4.He had a big time there, _ he? He had a car, _ he? We hardly have to get up early, _ we?5.He used to live in Leeds, _ he? does heNo must dont didnt didnt do didnt6.Lets go to the match at once, _ w
7、e? Leave me alone, _ you?7.They have been learning to drive, _ they?8.No one was hurt, _ _ ?9.There is no doubt() about it, _ _ ?10.Anna hasnt got to go to school on Sunday, _ she?I、句句子子种种类类4）反义疑问句）反义疑问句 shall will havent werent they is there does3、祈使句、祈使句 表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。I、句句子
8、子种种类类1）带第二人称的祈使句）带第二人称的祈使句 Be quiet, please. Dont make any noise! You call a taxi. Dont you forget it.(强调) Give me a hand, will/wont/would/wouldn you?2）带第一、三人称的祈使句）带第一、三人称的祈使句 Let me try again. Lets go. Let us go. Lets not say anything about it./Dont lets say Let him be here by 10 oclock. I、句句子子种种类类
9、3、祈使句、祈使句注意：1、加强语气 Do be careful of my broken leg. Do let me have another try. 2 、祈使句的省略式 A:Shall I open the window? B:Yes, please do./ No, please dont. A:Shall we watch the game? B:Yes, lets.4、感叹句、感叹句 由由what 或或how引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等。引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等。I、句句子子种种类类What a lovely baby it is!What fine wea
10、ther we have today!What a good time we had last night!How foolish she is!How clearly you speak!How clever a boy he is! I、句句子子种种类类5、 THERE-BE存在句存在句 There is a clock on the table. Once there lived a king called Lear. There goes the bell!Here comes the bus. Here he comes.There used to be a village at t
11、he foot of the mountain.There is to be a heavy rain tonight.There seems to be some misunderstanding.There is a baby crying in the next door.There being no bus, we had to walk home.II、句子类型（按句子结构分）句子类型（按句子结构分） 简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句二二、句句子子类类型型1、简单句、简单句 只包含一个主谓结构，个个成分都是单只包含一个主谓结构，个个成分都是单词或短
12、语的句子。词或短语的句子。All roads lead to Rome.He got up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out.Is he a superman?Dont be shy. Have a try.The man dressed in black seems to be a spy.二二、句句子子类类型型2、并列句、并列句 包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，分句由并列连词结构，分句由并列连词and,then,but,or,or else,so,for,while,when;bothand,eithe
13、ror,neithernor,not only,but also,as well as等来连接。等来连接。He is a basketball fan, and his wife is a volleyball fan.Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.Dont be late, for there is a meeting.Hurry up, or youll be late.He works hard while his brother is a lazy bone.He was enjoying his KFC when a friend came.二
14、二、句句子子类类型型3、复合句、复合句 复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。（1）名词性从句）名词性从句 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称为名主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称为名词性从句。词性从句。宾语从句注意事项：宾语从句注意事项：引导词、语序、时态呼应、语态引导词、语序、时态呼应、语态。主语主语/表语表语/同位从句注意事项：同位从句注意事项：引导词、语序、语态引导词、语序、语态。注意：注意：1、whether与与if的区别；的区别； 2、陈述句变来的名词性从句由什么引导。那么，一、陈述句变来的名词性从句由什么引导。那么，一
15、般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、感叹句变般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、感叹句变 来的呢？来的呢？二二、句句子子类类型型3、复合句、复合句 （2）定语从句）定语从句=先行词先行词+引导词引导词+其它。其它。引导词引导词的选用取决于：的选用取决于：1）先行词；）先行词；2）先行词的修饰语；）先行词的修饰语；3）引导词在定语从句中的成分。）引导词在定语从句中的成分。注意：定语从句中的主谓一致；注意：定语从句中的主谓一致；He was the only one of the boys who was praised by the headmaster at the meeting.3、复合句、复
16、合句(3)状语从句状语从句 即用作状语的分句即用作状语的分句,可作下列状语：可作下列状语：1、时间、时间（after,before,as,when,while,since,till,until, whenever,as long as,as soon as;the moment,every time,next time;no soonerthan,hardlywhen ）；）；2、地点（、地点（where,wherever） ；3、方式（、方式（as,as if,as though） ；4、程度（、程度（asas, more than,sothat,suchthat） ；二二、句句子子类类型型
17、5、原因（、原因（because,since,as,now that,that） ；6、结果（、结果（,so that,sothat,suchthat） ；7、目的（、目的（so that,in order that,in case） ；8、条件（、条件（if,unless） ；9、让步（、让步（though,although,even if,even though,in spite of the fact that ,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever,However,no matter how,whether） 。二二、句句子子类类型型(3)状语从句状语
18、从句二二、句句子子类类型型3、复合句、复合句 并列复合句并列复合句 即并列连词连接了带即并列连词连接了带 从句的并列句。从句的并列句。English is widely used in the world, but China has the largest number of people who speak Chinese.I dont enjoy singing, nor do I like computers.Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends. She
19、 was so surprised that she couldnt move.One day chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.In order to survive, chuck develops a friendship with a volleyball he calls Wilson. / To make it the best ever Games, the capital city will make several big changes.Even thou
20、gh Wilson is just a volleyball, he becomes fond of him.It is important to have someone to care about.He should have cared more about his friends.English is a language spoken all over the world. / Tom Hanks plays a man named Chuck Noland. / English has developed into a language most widely spoken and
21、 used in the world. The number of people who learn English as a foreign language is over 750 million.Businessmen and tourists often come to China without being able to speak Chinese. There is no quick answer to this question.Thats why the words are spelt differently in American English.Most of the t
22、ime, people from the two different countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, in a hotel or sitting on the beach, you may want to try hiking.The name “whitewater” comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks wh
23、ite when it moves quickly.You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim.Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. / Before she could think twice, the water was upon her. / Before they reached the house, a new great wave came. / We may be able to take measu
24、res before it is too late.Jeff and Flora looked at each others face with a look of fright.Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.Looking up at the large head and down at the large feet makes you feel so small. / Restoring the city and its cultural re
25、lics seemed impossible. / Knowing table manners in western culture will help you make a good impression. / Having good table manners means knowing how to use knives and forks and so on. Wei Bin took photos of us standing in front of the Buddha.The reason why he could not go there was that his grades
26、 were too low.Minzhi wants to go to town, but she cant afford to buy a bus ticket.The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bit bigger than the ones beside them.Where there is a river, there is a city.We will do everything we can to save our city.I should be home in about ten mi
27、nutes.I dont dare to use the phone in school, because they will take it away from me.The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing. / Her cellphone helps her do whatever she wants to do and still stay in touch with her parents and friends.What we hear on the radio or see on TV is only a small part of all the wonderful music that is waiting for us.
