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1、大学英语大学英语跨文化交际跨文化交际Chapter 2Communication and Intercultural Communication黑龙江大学外语部清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)An idiomOur most basic common link is that we all inhabit this planet . John F .Kennedy清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)Learning objectives:In this chapter, students will learn how to:wUnderstand the definition and components
2、 of communication wDescribe the characteristics of communication wSummarize the definition of intercultural communication wEvaluate the forms of intercultural communication清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)Chapter OutlineCommunication and Intercultural CommunicationCommunicationCulture and CommunicationIntercultural Co
3、mmunicationCommunication DefinedComponents of CommunicationIntercultural Communication DefinedForms of Intercultural CommunicationCharacteristics of CommunicationDynamicSystemicSymbolicIrreversibleTransactionalSelf-reflectiveContextual清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)Lead-in Case: She Has Three Hands Read the case and
4、 answer the following questions:wSuppose you are the Chinese doctor, if you are communicating with the Canadian physiotherapist, will his words irritate you? How would you respond to the situation?wWhat caused their communication conflicts?wWhat do you think of the different communication styles of
5、the two doctors?清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)1.The definition of communication 2.Components of communication Text A: Communication清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)Pre-reading Task: Form groups of three or four and work together to write a letter to a penpal friend. Analyze the following elements involved in the process:1. What meani
6、ng do you want to express?2. In what way would you like to deliver or organize your idea?3. By which channel are you going to send your message?4. Is there anything that might interfere with the process?5. How do you think the letter will be interpreted by people from different cultures?清华大学跨文化课程教案(
7、3)Western Perspective of communication Eastern perspective of communication 1.The definition of communication 清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)Western Perspective of communication In western cultures, communication is studied as the means of transmitting ideas. Western cultures emphasize the instrumental function of c
8、ommunication; that is, effectiveness is evaluated in terms of success in the manipulation of others to achieve ones personal goal. 清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)Eastern perspective of communication Definitions of communication from many Asian countries stress harmony, which is most notable in cultures with a Confuc
9、ian tradition. Eastern cultures understanding would define communication as a process where all parties are searching to develop and maintain a social relationship.清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)2. Components of communication A sender/source is the person who transmits a message. A message is any signal that trigger
10、s the response of a receiver. Encoding refers to the activity during which the sender must choose certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message. Encoding （编码）（编码）Channel /Medium （渠道）Channel/Medium is the method used to deliver a message. Message （信息）（信息）Sender/Source （信息源）清华大学跨文化
11、课程教案(3)Decoding （解码）（解码）Decoding is the activity during which the receiver attaches meaning to the words or symbols he/she has received.Receiver （信息接收者）（信息接收者）A receiver is any person who notices and gives some meaning to a message.Feedback （反馈）（反馈）The response of a receiver to a senders message is
12、called feedback. Noise （干扰）（干扰）Noise is a term used for factors that interfere with the exchange of messages, including external noise ，physiological noise, psychological noise and semantic noise. Noise is inevitable.清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)(1)External Noise Sounds that distract communicators: voices in the n
13、ext room; annoying ring of someones cell phone in a meeting; etc.Other types of external noise that dont involve sound:an overcrowded room or a smelly cigar (2) Physiological Noise illnesses and disabilities(3) Psychological Noiseforces with the sender or receiver that interfere with understanding:
14、egotism; hostility; preoccupation; fear; etc.(4) Semantic Noisecaused by using different languages; the use of jargon;different understanding of the message delivered; etc.清华大学跨文化课程教案(3) Picture AnalysisWhat are the components of communication reflected in the following picture?清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)Text B
15、Characteristics of Communication a. Communication is dynamic b. Communication is systematicc. Communication is symbolicd. Communication is irreversiblee. Communication is transactionalf. Communication is self-reflectiveg. Communication is contextual.清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)Pre-reading Task:Teacher: Who can gu
16、ess what it is a small animal with four legs that people often keep as a pet and can catch mice easily?uA Chinese student: It is called “猫” in Chinese.uA French student: It is called “Chat” in French. uA Japanese student: “Neiko” in Japanese.uA Spanish student: “Gato” in Spanish.uA German student :
17、“Katze” in German uA Russian student : “Kosta” in Russian.Answer the following questions:1. Do we use the same word to symbolize a certain object when we communicate with those speaking different languages? 2. What kind of process is involved in communication? 清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)a. Communication is dynam
18、icCommunication is an ongoing activity. It is not fixed. A word or action does not stay frozen when you communicate; it is immediately replaced with yet another word or action. 清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)b. Communication is systematic （系统性的）（系统性的）Communication does not occur in isolation or in a vacuum, but rath
19、er is part of a larger system. We send and receive messages not in isolation, but in a specific setting. Setting and environment help determine the words and actions we generate. Dress, language, topic selection, and the like are all adapted to context. 清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)c. Communication is symbolic （符号
20、性的）（符号性的） Symbols are central to the communication process because they represent the shared meanings that are communicated. A symbol is a word, action, or object that stands for or represents a unit of meaning. Peoples behaviors are frequently interpreted symbolically, as an external representation
21、 of feelings, emotions, and internal states. 清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)d. Communication is irreversible （不可逆转的）（不可逆转的） Communication is an irreversible process. We can never undo what has already been done. Although we may try to qualify, negate, or somehow reduce the effects of our message, once it has been se
22、nt and received, the message itself cannot be reversed.清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)e. Communication is transactional （交互式的）（交互式的）A transactional view holds that communicators are simultaneously sending and receiving messages at every instant that they are involved in conversations. 清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)f. Communication
23、is self-reflective Human beings have a unique ability to think about themselves, to watch how they define the world, and to reflect on their past, present, and future. 清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)g. Communication is contextual （情境的）（情境的）All communication takes place within a setting or situation called a context.
24、 By context, we mean the place where people meet, the social purpose for being together, and the nature of the relationship. Thus the context includes the physical, social, and interpersonal settings.清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)The relationship between culture and communication is compared to the re
25、lationship between a map and a journey. How do you understand and interpret this simile?清华大学跨文化课程教案(3) If possible, interview a foreign visitor to your country. Ask him about how his cultural background influences his actual communication practices in China.清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)Text DPre-reading Task:Imagi
26、ne you are organizing an international summer camp with children coming from different countries. What of the followings should be your main concerns: problems between children of different races. problems between children of the same culture. problems between children of different cultures. problem
27、s between children who share the same nationality but not the same race.清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)2. Forms of Intercultural Communicationa. International Communication b. Interethnic Communication c. Interracial Communication d. Intracultural Communication 1. Intercultural Communication DefinedIntercultural com
28、munication refers to communication between people whose cultural perception and symbol system are distinct enough to alter the communication event. 清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)a. International communicationInternational communication takes place between nations and governments rather than individuals; it is quite
29、 formal and ritualized(仪式化仪式化) .United Nations Conference清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)b. Interethnic communicationEthnic groups usually form their own communities in a country or culture. These groups share a common origin or heritage that is apt to influence family names, language, religion, values, and the like.
30、 清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)c. Interracial communicationInterracial communication occurs when the sender and the receiver exchanging messages are from different races. 清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)d. Intracultural communicationIt is defined as communication between or among members of the same culture. 清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)Homework and After-class activitiesGo to the library or surf the Internet to get more vivid examples of the four forms of intercultural communication.清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)Now, lets summarize the key points of this chapter! 清华大学跨文化课程教案(3)
