新编大学英语4教学课件：第一课课件(词汇)

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1、universal (adj.) (Line1, Para1) 1) relating to everyone in the world or everyone in a particular group or society 普遍的普遍的, 全体的全体的 Karaoke provides Karaoke provides universaluniversal entertainment. entertainment.卡拉卡拉OK提供了提供了大众化的大众化的娱乐。娱乐。TranslationTranslationSARS and bird flu have once caused univer

2、sal panic.非典和禽流感曾经引起过非典和禽流感曾经引起过普遍的普遍的恐慌。恐慌。 2) true or suitable in every situation 通用的；万能的通用的；万能的a universal instrument 万能仪万能仪a universal meter 通用电表通用电表名名词形式：形式：universe 宇宙宇宙humor (n.) (Line 4, Para. 2) (capacity to cause or feel) amusement 幽默；幽默；诙谐请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExercise中央电视台节目主持人李咏中央电视

3、台节目主持人李咏很有幽默感很有幽默感。CCTVs host Li Yong _.他正在写一本他正在写一本幽默小说幽默小说。He is writing _.a novel full of humorhas a great sense of humor词汇扩充词汇扩充词汇扩充词汇扩充humorous (adj.) (Line 21, Para. 5) 幽默的幽默的humorless (adj.) (Line 19, Para. 3) 缺乏幽默感的缺乏幽默感的humorist (n.) (Line 65, Para. 10) 幽默幽默( (作作) )家家, , 有敏有敏锐幽默感的人幽默感的人请用请用

4、 humorous, humorless 或或 humorist填空。填空。ExerciseExerciseI think actor Guo Donglin is rather _.humorousWe all view his father as a _. humoristBeing _ is unacceptable in the business Being _ is unacceptable in the business talks with American people. talks with American people. humorless sense (n.) (Lin

5、e 16, Para.3) 1) good practical understanding and judgment 见识；判断力；判断力；领悟（常与悟（常与of连用）用）His father His father has a strong sense of has a strong sense of dutyduty. . 他的父亲是一个他的父亲是一个责任感很强责任感很强的人。的人。TranslationTranslation在儿童时代就培养在儿童时代就培养是非感是非感是相当重要的。是相当重要的。 Cultivating the moral sense in the childhood is

6、 quite important. 2) a way in which a person can know about the physical world, for example, through sight or hearing 官能；感官官能；感官 （如视觉，听觉，嗅觉，味觉及触觉）（如视觉，听觉，嗅觉，味觉及触觉）That agent That agent has a keen sense of has a keen sense of hearinghearing. . 那位特工那位特工(agent)听觉敏锐听觉敏锐。TranslationTranslationAs we know,

7、 dogs have a good sense of smell. 如我们所知，狗的如我们所知，狗的嗅觉很灵敏嗅觉很灵敏。sense (v.) (Line 94, Para.12) to have a feeling about something without being told directly 感感觉到，到，觉察到，意察到，意识到到 She She sensedsensed that her suggestions were unwelcome. that her suggestions were unwelcome. 她她发觉发觉自己的建议不受欢迎。自己的建议不受欢迎。Transl

8、ationTranslation奥运冠军郭晶晶能够奥运冠军郭晶晶能够感受到感受到一些记者的问题并不友一些记者的问题并不友好。好。 Olympic champion Guo Jingjing could sense that some reporters questions were not friendly. trigger (Line 18, Para. 3) (v.) to start a chain of events; be the immediate cause of (sth. serious or violent) 触发，引发，为触发，引发，为 （某严重或暴力的事件的）直接原因（

9、某严重或暴力的事件的）直接原因请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseKashmir issue incessantly _ between India and Pakistan. 克什米尔问题不断克什米尔问题不断激起激起印巴之间的印巴之间的武装冲突武装冲突。This incident may _. 这一事件可能会这一事件可能会引起连锁反应引起连锁反应。trigger a chain reactiontriggers (off) armed conflicts (n.) lever for releasing a spring, esp. of a firearm

10、(释放放弹簧的簧的)扳柄；扳柄；(枪的的)扳机；引爆器扳机；引爆器请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseJames Bond _but failed in the end. 007试图伸手去够引爆器试图伸手去够引爆器，但没有成功。，但没有成功。_ is made from a particular material. 那把手枪的扳机那把手枪的扳机是由一种特殊材料制作的。是由一种特殊材料制作的。The trigger of that gun tried to reach his hand for the trigger focus (n.) (Line 21, Pa

11、ra. 3) point at which interests, tendencies, etc., meet 兴趣，趣，趋势等的中心；焦点等的中心；焦点请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseMany scientists were trying to find _. 很多科学家都在全力寻找很多科学家都在全力寻找震源震源。Yao Mings wonderful performance in NBA enables him to become _. 姚明在姚明在NBA的精彩表现使得他成为的精彩表现使得他成为篮球迷们关篮球迷们关注的焦点注的焦点。the focus o

12、f basketball fans the focus of the attentionearthquake(vt & vi.) concentrate 集中；使集中于焦点集中；使集中于焦点You should You should focus your mind focus your mind on workon work. . 你应该你应该把精力放在工作上把精力放在工作上。TranslationTranslation台湾当局应该台湾当局应该更多地关注更多地关注如何改善与祖国大陆的如何改善与祖国大陆的关系。关系。 The Taiwan authority is supposed to foc

13、us more attention on how to improve its relationship with the Chinese mainland. mutual (adj.) (Line 25, Para. 4) 1) shared by two people and directed towards each other (used of feeling) 相互的相互的, 彼此的彼此的 (指感情指感情)请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExercise_ helped the players of the Chinese womens volleyball te

14、am achieve the victory in the final. 互相的支持和鼓励互相的支持和鼓励帮助中国女排的队员取得了决赛帮助中国女排的队员取得了决赛的胜利。的胜利。宽恕源于宽恕源于彼此的理解彼此的理解。Forgiveness is due to _.mutual understandingMutual support and inspiration 2) shared by two or more people 共同的共同的, 共有的共有的Mutual effortsMutual efforts are the key to success. are the key to suc

15、cess. 共同的努力共同的努力是成功的关键。是成功的关键。TranslationTranslation她们发现她们对蔡依林的歌她们发现她们对蔡依林的歌有着有着共同的兴趣共同的兴趣。 They found that they had a mutual interest in Jolin Tsais (Cai Yilin) songs. tempt (v.) (Line 28, Para. 4) 1) to try to persuade someone to do something which maybe unwise or immoral 引诱引诱, 诱惑诱惑常用结构：常用结构：be te

16、mpted to do sth. 某人被诱惑（诱骗）做某事某人被诱惑（诱骗）做某事请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseThat old man was _. 那个老人正在那个老人正在劝诱一些年轻人加入那个神秘的组织劝诱一些年轻人加入那个神秘的组织。tempting some teenagers to join that mysterious organizationThat boy _ become a thief. 那个男孩儿那个男孩儿受人诱骗受人诱骗而成了一名小偷。而成了一名小偷。was tempted to 2) try to persuade someo

17、ne to do something by making it seem attractive 吸引吸引, 引起引起的的兴趣趣请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseThe fine weather and beautiful scenery _. 不错的天气和美丽的景色不错的天气和美丽的景色吸引着我们到户外去吸引着我们到户外去。tempted us to go outsideThe enterprises and research institutes in Western countries always_with attractive salary and w

18、orking conditions. 西方国家的企业和研究机构总是用优厚的薪水和优西方国家的企业和研究机构总是用优厚的薪水和优越的工作条件越的工作条件吸引中国的年轻人才吸引中国的年轻人才。tempt Chinese young talents 名名词形式：形式：temptation 诱惑物；有惑物；有诱惑的惑的东西西请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExercisepresent (adj.) /preznt/ (Line 36, Para. 5) 1) in a particular place at a particular time 出席的；在场的出席的；在场的Tran

19、slationTranslation开幕式举行的时候你开幕式举行的时候你在场在场吗？吗？Were you present at the opening ceremony? How many people were How many people were presentpresent at the meeting? at the meeting? 会议有多少人会议有多少人出席出席？请掌握以下常见表达。请掌握以下常见表达。现政府现政府the present government the present government 在目前在目前 at the present time (day)at t

20、he present time (day)当前的形势当前的形势the present situation the present situation 现存的社会制度现存的社会制度the present social system the present social system 2) the time that is happening 现在的；在的；现存的（做定存的（做定语）v. /prizent/(1) to give something to someone, esp. at an official ceremony 赠给；献给；赠给；献给； 呈递呈递The students The

21、students presented flowerspresented flowers to their teacher. to their teacher. 学生们给老师学生们给老师献花。献花。TranslationTranslation她负责向委员会她负责向委员会提出申请提出申请。 She is responsible for presenting the application to the committee. (2) to be the cause of a problem or difficulty ( present sb with sth ) 引起问题或困难引起问题或困难 利息

22、下降利息下降利息下降利息下降给公司带来了一个新问题给公司带来了一个新问题给公司带来了一个新问题给公司带来了一个新问题。Falling interests rates present the firm with a new problem. TranslationTranslation那位关键队员的突然受伤那位关键队员的突然受伤让主教练感到非常头疼让主教练感到非常头疼。 That key players sudden injury presented the head coach with a big headache. (n.) /preznt/ gift 礼物；赠品礼物；赠品techniqu

23、e (Line 43, Para. 7) (n.) (a) skill in doing something practical, artistic, or connected with sport 技巧，方法技巧，方法TranslationTranslationIf you want to learn to paint, I suggest you study Raphaels techniques. 如如如如果果果果你你你你想想想想学学学学习习习习绘绘绘绘画画画画的的的的话话话话，我我我我建建建建议议议议你你你你去去去去学学学学习习习习拉拉拉拉菲菲菲菲尔尔尔尔的的的的绘画技巧绘画技巧绘画技

24、巧绘画技巧。 她请新钢琴老师协助提高自己的她请新钢琴老师协助提高自己的她请新钢琴老师协助提高自己的她请新钢琴老师协助提高自己的演奏技巧演奏技巧演奏技巧演奏技巧。 She is working with her new piano teacher to improve her technique. 词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析technology (n.) the branch of knowledge or activity dealing with scientific and industrial methods and their practical use in industry

25、（科学和工业的技术）科学和工业的技术）chemical technology 化学工艺学化学工艺学 science and technology science and technology 科学和技术科学和技术 the manned space technology the manned space technology 载人航天技术载人航天技术 TranslationTranslationvalue (n.) (Line 51, Para. 7) 1) regard highly; have a high opinion of 看重看重 ；重视重视TranslationTranslatio

26、n对于健康和财富，你更对于健康和财富，你更看看重重哪一个？哪一个？ Which do you value most, wealth or health? Ive Ive always always valuedvalued your your friendship/their friendship/their suggestions.suggestions.我很我很我很我很珍惜珍惜珍惜珍惜你的友情你的友情你的友情你的友情/ /重视他们的建议。重视他们的建议。重视他们的建议。重视他们的建议。 (2) to calculate how much money something is worth 估

27、估的价格；评价的价格；评价 The necklace The necklace has been has been valued atvalued at $8000. $8000. 这条项链这条项链被估价为被估价为8000美元。美元。 TranslationTranslationIf you want to sell your car you ought to have it valued. 如果你想卖掉你的汽车，你应该找人为它如果你想卖掉你的汽车，你应该找人为它估个价估个价。 词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析valueless (adj.) without value; worthless

28、无价无价值的；无用的的；无用的 valuable (adj.) of great value, worth or use 有很大价有很大价值的；的；贵重的；很有用的重的；很有用的invaluable (adj.) of value too high to be measured 价价值高到无法估量的；高到无法估量的； 无价的无价的ExerciseExerciseHer words proved _ for me to complete my task successfully. invaluable The metal looked like gold, The metal looked li

29、ke gold, but in fact it was _.but in fact it was _.valuelessTalking with him is a waste of my _ time. Talking with him is a waste of my _ time. valuable 请用请用 valueless , valuable或或 invaluable填空。填空。variation (n.) (Line 87, Para. 12) a change in degree, amount, or quantity 变更更, 变化化, 变异异, 变种种Translatio

30、nTranslation我们必须密切注意速度的我们必须密切注意速度的变化变化。 We We must must keep keep a a close close watch watch at the at the variationsvariations in speed. in speed. 澳大利亚英语实际上是英国英语的一个澳大利亚英语实际上是英国英语的一个变种变种。The Australian English is actually one of the variations of the British English. variety (n.) difference in quan

31、tity, type, or character 多样化，指一类当中的多样或多多样化，指一类当中的多样或多 种（常用结构种（常用结构 a variety of=various 各各 种各样的；种种种各样的；种种）我们应该尽量我们应该尽量我们应该尽量我们应该尽量使使使使我们的表演我们的表演我们的表演我们的表演变得丰富多彩变得丰富多彩变得丰富多彩变得丰富多彩。 We should try to give variety to our performance. TranslationTranslation在那个展览会上可以看到在那个展览会上可以看到各种各种各样的各样的钻石制品。钻石制品。 A var

32、iety of diamond products can be seen at the exhibition. 词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析variable (n.) something that can vary in quantity or size变数变数, 可变物可变物, 变量变量由于诸多由于诸多由于诸多由于诸多变数变数变数变数的存在，很难预测选举的结果。的存在，很难预测选举的结果。的存在，很难预测选举的结果。的存在，很难预测选举的结果。 There are too many There are too many variablesvariables to predict the

33、result to predict the result of the election. of the election. TranslationTranslation比赛的胜利依赖于包括天气在内的很多比赛的胜利依赖于包括天气在内的很多因素因素。 The victory of the match depends on a number of variables, such as the weather. ExerciseExerciseThe result of the match relies on lots of _.variablesThere was a _ of There was

34、 a _ of dishes on the menu.dishes on the menu.variety The _ of temperature today is 10 degrees. The _ of temperature today is 10 degrees. variation 请用请用 variation , variety或或 variable填空。填空。clarification (n.) (Line 95, Para. 12) added information to make something easier to understand 澄清；阐明澄清；阐明请完成下面

35、的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseThey asked for _ of the statements of the company. 他们要求得到关于公司声明的他们要求得到关于公司声明的进一步的解释进一步的解释。further clarification That newspaper _ of the incorrect statements about the effect of that medicine on its front page. 那家报纸在其头版那家报纸在其头版澄清了澄清了对于那种药效的错误的声明。对于那种药效的错误的声明。printed clari

36、fications clarify (v.) make something easier to understand by explaining it more fully 澄清；阐明；使澄清；阐明；使明白明白It is the policemens responsibility to It is the policemens responsibility to clarify clarify mattersmatters. . 澄清真相澄清真相澄清真相澄清真相是警察的责任。是警察的责任。是警察的责任。是警察的责任。 TranslationTranslationYou are supposed

37、 to clarify your stand at the meeting. 你必须在会上你必须在会上阐明阐明自己的立场。自己的立场。 persist (vi.) (Line 102, Para. 13) to continue to exist; last 继续存在继续存在 高山顶上，积雪高山顶上，积雪高山顶上，积雪高山顶上，积雪终年不化终年不化终年不化终年不化。On the top of very high On the top of very high mountains snow mountains snow persists persists throughout a yearthr

38、oughout a year. . TranslationTranslation雾雾还有几天才能散还有几天才能散，所以提醒司机谨慎驾驶。，所以提醒司机谨慎驾驶。 Fog will persist for several days, so drivers are warned to be careful. (2) (-in) to continue doing something with determination in spite of opposition 坚持；坚持； 执意执意请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExercise如果你的弟弟如果你的弟弟继续制造麻烦继续制造

39、麻烦，公司就不得不解雇他。，公司就不得不解雇他。If your brother _, the company may have to dismiss him.persists in causing troubleThe US president George. W. Bush _ to Iraq. 美国总统布什美国总统布什坚持派更多军队坚持派更多军队前往伊拉克。前往伊拉克。persisted in sending more troops persistence (n.) persisting or being persistent 坚持；固执；持续；存留坚持；固执；持续；存留他表现出很大的他表

40、现出很大的他表现出很大的他表现出很大的毅力毅力毅力毅力，最终他们不得不给了他那份，最终他们不得不给了他那份，最终他们不得不给了他那份，最终他们不得不给了他那份工作。工作。工作。工作。He showed such He showed such persistencepersistence that they finally had to that they finally had to give him a job. give him a job. TranslationTranslation他们终于同意继续谈判，这是他他们终于同意继续谈判，这是他他们终于同意继续谈判，这是他他们终于同意继续谈判

41、，这是他坚持不懈坚持不懈坚持不懈坚持不懈的结果。的结果。的结果。的结果。His persistence was rewarded when they finally agreed to resume discussions. 形容形容词形式：形式：persistentadj. persisting, continuing, occurring again and again 坚持的；固持的；固执的；持的；持续的；一再的；一再发生的生的词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析insist 和和persist这两个两个动词短短语都有都有“坚持持”的意思，它的意思，它们之之间的区的区别是：是： 1）insi

42、st“坚决主决主张”或或“要求要求”，指，指坚持自己的持自己的 观点不容拒点不容拒绝或反或反对；（；（ 如果后接如果后接宾语从句要用从句要用 虚虚拟语气气） persist 则指不指不顾别人的人的劝告、反告、反对、 或或 “不不 畏困畏困难继续做某事做某事”和和“继续存在存在”的意思。的意思。2）后）后边搭配的介搭配的介词不同不同 (insist on; persist in)ExerciseExerciseThe cold weather will _ for the rest of the week. persistShe always _ the importance of being

43、She always _ the importance of being punctualpunctual ( (严格守时的，准时的严格守时的，准时的严格守时的，准时的严格守时的，准时的) ). .insists on I _ he come with us. I _ he come with us. insisted 请用请用 insist 或或 persist 填空。填空。Mary _ singing although her friends Mary _ singing although her friends asked her not to. asked her not to. pe

44、rsisted in It has been a labor of love.I fooled you again.Some people have a better sense of humor than others just as some people have more musical talent.这出于自己的喜好。这出于自己的喜好。你又上了我的当。你又上了我的当。有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更有音乐有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更有音乐天赋一样。天赋一样。It appeals to all ages and all cultures. 它广为不同年龄和不同文化背景的人所

45、喜爱。它广为不同年龄和不同文化背景的人所喜爱。Nearly every comedian has used the following joke in one form or another.Cross-talk can be heard anywhere from small village stages to the largest Beijing theaters, and to radio and television.几乎每一位滑稽说笑演员都以这样或那样的方式几乎每一位滑稽说笑演员都以这样或那样的方式讲过下面这个笑话。讲过下面这个笑话。无论是在乡村的舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，无

46、论是在乡村的舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，或是在广播、电视上，或是在广播、电视上， 随处都能听到相声。随处都能听到相声。Ding Cong is a master of word play.丁聪是位调皮话大师。丁聪是位调皮话大师。I dont think humor is to be blamed for that.我认为这不是幽默的过我认为这不是幽默的过错。错。Writing ActivitiesHow College Students Spend Their Leisure Time When we take a look at leisure activities of college

47、 students, we find the popularity of pastimes varies according to personality, gender, and financial situations. Some students like to spend their leisure time pursuing their hobbies indoors. Others look for outdoor relaxation, even taking part in such adventurous activities as rock climbing or bung

48、ee jumping. Writing ActivitiesGenerally speaking, male students are fond of participating in sports, playing computer games, surfing on the Internet, and watching kung-fu movies, while female students love chit-chatting, shopping, watching soap opera, and knitting （编织）. If they can afford it, some s

49、tudents will go to pop stars concerts, take picnic, or invite some friends over for a dinner or a party. Writing Activities All these activities are entertaining and appealing to students because of their curiosities and their desires to escape from the limited world of the classroom. As a form of r

50、elaxation, leisure activities take their mind away from academic pressure. As anEnglish proverb goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” After recreational activities, students usually will feel relaxed, more refreshed, and ready to start stressful school work.Writing Activities However,

51、for some students, learning is a full-time job, and they even invest their leisure time studying. They like to bury their heads in piles of books, ignoring everything else. They have a sense of achievement from reading novels, working on papers, preparing for tough tests such as the Graduate Entrance Exam, GRE, TOEFL, GMAT or IELTS. Though these students have no time for entertainment, they believe spending leisure time studying is a pleasure of mind.