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1、非谓语动词非谓语动词十、非谓语动词一、定一、定义 不不充充当当句句子子谓语的的动词叫叫做做非非谓语动词。它它们不不受受主主语限限制，无制，无时态与与语态变化，又称非限定性化，又称非限定性动词。二、形式二、形式1. 动词不定式（不定式（to do sth. ）2. 动名名词（v. -ing） 现在分在分词（v. -ing)3. 分分词 过去分去分词（v. -ed或不或不规则变化）化） 考点一考点一 动词不定式不定式 动词不不定定式式可可作作主主语、表表语、宾语、定定语、状状语和和宾语补足足语，我我们主主要要掌掌握握不不定定式式作作宾语、宾语补足足语及及目目的的状状语的的用法。用法。功能功能例句例
2、句说明明主主语To swim here is dangerous. 在在这儿游泳是危儿游泳是危险的。的。动词不定式作主不定式作主语时常可常可转化化为用用it作形作形式主式主语表表语My job is to look after my sister. 我的工作是照看我妹妹。我的工作是照看我妹妹。多数情况下，多数情况下，动词不不定式作表定式作表语，可，可转换为作主作主语功能功能例句例句说明明宾语I want to be an actor. 我想成我想成为一名演一名演员。只只能能作作某某些些动词的的宾语，一般不作介一般不作介词的的宾语宾语补足足语She asked me to speak Engli
3、sh. 她要求我她要求我说英英语。在在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役等使役动词后，不定式省略后，不定式省略to定定语Do you have anything to say? 你有要你有要说的的吗？不不定定式式作作定定语，要要放放在在所修所修饰词的后面的后面状状语I come here to see you. 我来我来这里是里是为了了见你。你。不不定定式式作作状状语，其其逻辑主主语要要和和句句子子的的主主语一一致致此外，不定式可以与疑此外，不定式可以与疑问词连用用, 用作主用作主语、宾语、表、表语等。等。I cant decide which one to buy. 我不能
4、决定我不能决定该买哪一件。（作哪一件。（作宾语）When to start hasnt been discussed. 什么什么时候开始候开始还没有被没有被讨论。（作主。（作主语）【温馨提示温馨提示】(1)help后接不定式后接不定式时可以省略可以省略to；(2)有有些些动词后后接接不不定定式式时通通常常省省略略to：feel, hear, see, watch, notice, let, make, have（简记为一感一听三看三一感一听三看三让）。）。上述上述动词变为被被动语态后，其后的不定式必后，其后的不定式必须补上上“to”。Tom helped his brother (to) le
5、arn to swim. 汤姆帮他的弟弟学姆帮他的弟弟学习游泳。游泳。变为被被动语态：His brother was helped to learn to swim by Tom. We often hear Jack sing English songs. 我我们常听常听见杰克唱英文歌。杰克唱英文歌。变为被被动语态：Jack is often heard to sing English songs. 【巧学妙巧学妙记】只能跟不定式作只能跟不定式作宾语的的动词决心学会有希望（决心学会有希望（decide, determine, learn, wish, hope）, 同意同意计划莫假装划莫假装
6、(agree, plan, pretend), 胆敢拒胆敢拒绝会失会失败（dare, refuse, fail）, 准准备设法来帮忙法来帮忙(prepare, try, manage, help), 提供提供请求求负担起担起(offer, beg, demand, afford), 答答应安排理安排理应当（当（promise, arrange, be supposed）, 以上后跟不定式，以上后跟不定式，劝君牢君牢记永不忘。永不忘。 考点二考点二 动名名词 动名名词相当于名相当于名词、形容、形容词。可作主。可作主语、宾语、表、表语和定和定语。功能功能例句例句说明明主主语Eating too m
7、uch is bad for your health. 吃太多吃太多对你的健康有害你的健康有害处。谓语动词用用单数数宾语I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜我非常喜欢打打篮球。球。表表示示习惯性性的的动作作Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是用来寄信的。票是用来寄信的。功能功能例句例句说明明表表语His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的他的爱好是集好是集邮。多多数数情情况况下下可可转换为动名名词作主作主语定定语Bill is in the reading room. 比比尔尔在
8、在阅览室里。室里。只只表表明明它它所所修修饰的的词的用途、所属关系等的用途、所属关系等【巧学妙巧学妙记】喜喜欢（enjoy)不断不断(keep)提建提建议（suggest)盼望盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完却完毕(finish)想要想要(feel like)花花费(spend)去去练习(practice)忍俊不禁忍俊不禁(cant help)还介意介意(mind)后接后接动词-ingMy grandfather kept telling jokes and I couldnt help laughing. 爷爷不停地不停地讲笑笑话，我忍不住笑了。，我忍不
9、住笑了。【温馨提示温馨提示】部部分分动词既既可可接接动名名词作作宾语，又又可可接接不不定定式式作作宾语，两两者者意意义区区别较大。大。remember doing sth. 记得做得做过某事某事remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（未做）得去做某事（未做）forget doing sth. 忘了做忘了做过某事某事forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事（未做）忘了去做某事（未做）stop doing sth. 停止做某事停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事停下来去做某事need doing sth. 需要做某事（被需要做某事（被动含含义）need t
10、o do sth. 需要去做某事（主需要去做某事（主动含含义）try doing sth. 尝试做某事做某事try to do sth. 尽力做某事尽力做某事hear/see sb. doing sth. 听听见/看看见某人正在做某事某人正在做某事hear/see sb. do sth. 听听见/看看见某人做了某事某人做了某事 考点三考点三 分分词 1. 分分词的构成的构成分分词分分为现在在分分词和和过去去分分词两两种种。现在在分分词由由“动词+-ing”构构成。成。过去分去分词的基本形式是的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不，但也有不规则的形式。的形式。2. 分分词的句法功能的句法功能功能
11、功能例句例句说明明定定语Do you know the boy playing football? 你你认识踢踢足足球球的的那那个个男男孩孩吗？Please hand in your written exercise. 请交上你的笔交上你的笔试练习。现在在分分词作作定定语，其其逻辑主主语就就是是所所修修饰的的词；过去去分分词作作定定语，其其逻辑宾语是是它它所所修修饰的的词状状语The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 学生学生们谈笑着走出了教室。笑着走出了教室。Seen from the hill, our sc
12、hool looks more beautiful. 从从小小山山上上看看，我我们的学校的学校显得更美得更美丽了。了。分分词的的逻辑主主语是是句子的主句子的主语功能功能例句例句说明明表表语The news is exciting. 这个个消消息息令人令人兴奋。Im interested in the book. 我我对这本本书感感兴趣。趣。现在在分分词表表示示主主语的的性性质、特特征征；过去去分分词表示某种状表示某种状态补足足语Dont keep me waiting for a long time. 别让我等很我等很长时间。I had my hair cut last night. 昨天晚上
13、我理昨天晚上我理发了。了。现在在分分词作作补足足语, 被被修修饰的的宾语或或主主语是是它它的的逻辑主主语（即即主主动关关系系）；过去去分分词作作补足足语，被被修修饰的的宾语或或主主语是是它它的的逻辑宾语（即即被被动关关系系). 用所用所给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空1. （2012安安顺中中考考）Mr. Scott made a living by _ (sell) old things. 2. （2011遵遵义中中考考）Trust him! He has no difficulty _ (work) out the problem. 答案：答案：1. selling 2. working
14、3. （2011滨州州中中考考）David preferred _ (sell) newspapers to doing housework when he was young. 4. （2011兰州州中中考考）The student _（name）Wang Lin is my example in English learning. 5. （2011梧梧州州中中考考）Davy enjoys _ (play) tennis and baseball. 答案：答案：3. selling 4. named 5. playing. 单项选择1. (2012安安顺中中考考)Do you know wh
15、ether the man _ by the door is Mr. Smith? Sure. Weve known each other for a long time. A. stand B. standing C. stood D. stands【解解析析】选选B。standing by the door是是现现在在分分词词短短语语作作后后置置定定语语表表示示动动作作正正在在进进行行，与与被被修修饰饰的的man之之间间存存在在主主动动关关系系。故故选选B。2. （2012随随州州中中考考）Its dangerous _ with the wild animal. A. for us to
16、 play B. of us playingC. for us playing D. of us to play【解解析析】选选A。Its+adj. +for sb. to do sth. 意意为为“做做某某事事对对某某人人”，其其中中it为为形形式式主主语语，动动词词不不定定式式to play with the wild animal是真正的主语，故选是真正的主语，故选A。3. (2012自自贡中中考考)When are you going to have your hair _? This afternoon. A. cut B. to cut C. cutting【解解析析】选选A。ha
17、ve sth. done“让让被被做做”。过过去去分分词词作作宾宾语语补足语，与所修饰的宾语之间存在被动关系。故选补足语，与所修饰的宾语之间存在被动关系。故选A。4. （2011山山西西中中考考）Drivers shouldnt be allowed _ after drinking, or they will break the law. A. drive B. driving C. to drive 【解解析析】选选C。allow sb. to do sth. “允允许许某某人人做做某某事事”，其其被被动动语语态态为为sb. be allowed to do sth. “某某人人被被允允许
18、许做做某某事事”。故故选选C。5. （2011重重庆中中考考）We dont know _ it next. Lets go and ask Mr. Li. A. what to do B. to do whatC. whether to do D. to do whether【解解析析】选选C。“特特殊殊疑疑问问词词+ to do”在在此此作作know的的宾宾语语，再再由由it可知，句中已有动词可知，句中已有动词do的宾语，故选的宾语，故选C。6. （2011绵阳阳中中考考）Our English teacher encourages us _ part in all kinds of af
19、ter-class activities. A. to take B. takeC. taking D. to taking【解析解析】选选A。encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。鼓励某人做某事。7. （2011江江西西中中考考）How kind you are! You always do what you can _ me. A. help B. helpingC. to help D. helps【解析解析】选选C。动词不定式短语。动词不定式短语to help作目的状语。作目的状语。8. (2011济南南中中考考）The woman loves animal
20、s and she tries _ these homeless animals. A. to hurt B. to eatC. to help D. to kill【解解析析】选选C。try to do sth. “努努力力做做某某事事”。句句意意：这这位位女女士士喜欢动物，她努力地去帮助这些失去家园的动物。故选喜欢动物，她努力地去帮助这些失去家园的动物。故选C。9. （2011眉眉山山中中考考）Its a little cold today. Would you mind _ the window? Of course not. A. not opening B. not to openC. dont open D. no opening【解解析析】选选A。Would you mind doing sth. ? “你你介介意意做做某某事事吗吗？”, 其否定形式为其否定形式为Would you mind not doing sth. ? 10. （2011昆昆明明中中考考）The reporter didnt go to bed until he finished _ the article. A. writing B. write C. to write D. wrote【解析解析】选选A。 finish doing sth. 完成某事。故选完成某事。故选A。
