《MultifunctionPhasedArrayRadarMPAR》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《MultifunctionPhasedArrayRadarMPAR（43页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、MPARWorking GroupFederal Aviation Administration (FAA)Department of Homeland Security (DHS)National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adm. (NOAA)Department of Defense (DoD)Office of Federal Coordinator for Met. (OFCM)Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR):Potential to Support Homeland Defense and Security Mi
2、ssionsPresented to: Interagency Air and Maritime Surveillance Summit IIBy: The MPAR Working GroupDate: 05 June 20081Dr. James KimpelDirector,National Severe Storms Laboratory (NOAA)Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)205 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupMPAR Working GroupNational Oceanic and Atmospher
3、ic Adm. (NOAA)Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)Department of Homeland Security (DHS)Department of Defense (DoD)Office of Federal Coordinator for Met. (OFCM)Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)305 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupBackground - MPAR Program OriginNRC Report Beyond NEXRAD (2002), reco
4、mmends PAR technology be developed as replacement for legacy weather radarsIn 2004, Federal Committee for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research (FCMSSR) directed an interagency Joint Action Group (JAG) be convened to assess R&D priorities for phased array radarOFCM-sponsored JAG published
5、report, “Phased Array Radar R&D Needs and Priorities” in June 2006DOC / NOAADOT / FAADOD / DHSSINGLE MPARSYSTEM Weather & AircraftSurveillanceWeather SurveillanceNoncooperative Aircraft SurveillanceToday: OFCM-sponsored MPAR Working Group is working R&D Risk Reduction Strategies / ActivitiesMultifun
6、ction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)405 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupWhy Consider Weather Radar?1.Multi-mission capability is possible2.Weather radars already exist at 190 locations3.Same technology holds promise for dramatically improving weather surveillance4.Can detect biological scatterers (birds, ins
7、ects), smoke, volcanic ash, etc.5.Large potential cost savingsMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)505 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupTDWRsNEXRADsExisting LocationsMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)605 June 2008 MPAR Working Group Currently Testing Multi-mission CapabilitySpy-1AntennaNat. Weathe
8、r Radar Testbed (NWRT)Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)705 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupCurrent Research at the NWRTImproved weather surveillance (NOAA, FAA)Simultaneous weather and aircraft surveillance (DHS, FAA, NOAA)Wind farm clutter mitigation (DHS, NOAA)Long-Range SurveillanceSevere Weath
9、erNon-Cooperative TargetsWeather FrontsTerminal SurveillanceChemical DispersionMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)805 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupARSR-4ARSR-3ARSR-1/2TodayFuture Concept510* Radars, 8 Types334 Radars, 1 TypeJoint Action GroupRecommendationsNEXRADTDWRASR-9ASR-11SustainPartiallyMod
10、ernizeReplace5000 ft AGL, Blue, weather onlyAffordable MultifunctionPhased ArrayRadar (MPAR)Stove-pipedApproach:NWRT Proof-of-concept testsDevelop scaled prototype and critical technologiesMid 2007-2012:Full-scale prototype &operational test2010 - 2016:2007:Define concept and R&D roadmapReduced numb
11、er of radars - potentially saves $2BConsolidated maintenance and logistics infrastructure potentially saves $3BIncludes Operational CONUS radar onlyASR-8Potential Cost SavingsMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)905 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupMPAR Operational ViewSevere WeatherTerminal Surveillan
12、ceChemical DispersionLong RangeSurveillanceWeather FrontsNon-Cooperative targetsPotential Users:DOT/FAA/FHA NOAA/NSSL/NWSDOD/Navy/Army/USAF, DHSNASA, DOA, DOE, DOI, OthersMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)1005 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupMr. William BennerWeather Group ManagerAJP-B400 (FAA)Mult
13、ifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)1105 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupAir Traffic Control Radar SnapshotAir Traffic is expected to more thandouble by 2025 and will exacerbate the air traffic delay problemWeather accounts for 70% of all delaysCurrent weather and surveillance radar networks are aging (n
14、ew to 40 years old)Many are nearing the end of their service lifeFAA Enterprise Architecture Roadmaps include investment decision points for terminal radars (e.g., replacementvs. SLEP)Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)1205 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupNextGen MotivationNextGen Air Transportation
15、 System Integrated Plan stipulates:“Develop a system-wide capability to Reduce Weather Impacts”“Research areas to develop enhanced weather observations and forecasts, and integrate them with decision support tools to enhance capacity and efficiency of the airspace while improving safety.”The FAA is
16、migrating to Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) conceptThe Surveillance/Positioning Backup Strategy Alternatives Analysis Report : “recommends that the FAA retain approximately one-half of the Secondary Radar Network as a backup strategy for ADS-B” “terminal area primary radar cove
17、rage will not be reduced from current levels”Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)1305 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupMPAR ApproachPotential for radar consolidation and fleet reduction (ASR, TDWR, NEXRAD, ARSR)Multi-mission capableScalable to mission(s) needsReduced O&M cost and consolidated maintena
18、nce, logistic and training programs.Improved reliability (electronically scanned vs. rotating)WeatherAircraftMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)1405 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupMPAR AssessmentPAR performance is not an issue Major cost driver is the active array antennaPAR Active Array developmen
19、t should exploit advances in:Military R&DCommercial technology/processContinue investigating advances in technologyNew semi-conductor materialsChip integrationT/R module packagingDigital architecturesResearch & Development GoalsDemonstrate affordabilityVerify technology performance (using COTS)Verif
20、y multifunction capabilityAchieves an Affordable Phased Array RadarMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)1505 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupFAA Enterprise Architecture Surveillance and Weather Roadmaps2011 - Decision Point (77) to implement NextGen primary radar system including weather surveillance
21、requirements (aligns with JRC-1, Initial Investment Decision)2014 - Decision Point (104) to replace legacy primary radars (ASR-8, ASR-9) based on air traffic safety, security and weather surveillance requirements2018 - Decision Point (91) to SLEP Wind Shear systems, ASR-9/11 Wx Channel and NEXRAD or
22、 replace with NextGen Wx Surveillance Capability2020 - Establishment of Acquisition Program Office (aligns with JRC-2B, Final Investment Decision)20072008200920112012201320102014201520162017201820192020202120222023202420257710491New Primary Radar (Replaces ASR)NextGen Wx Radar CapabilityMultifunctio
23、n Phased Array Radar (MPAR)1605 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupConclusionNational primary radar network required for foreseeable futureFAA requirement is a subset of the National RequirementCollaboration with other agencies is essential for best value solutionMPAR is a technology research effortMPAR co
24、uld be part of a multi-agency Family of SolutionsMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)1705 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupDr. Jeffrey HerdDr. Mark WeberMIT Lincoln LaboratoryMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)1805 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupOutlineTerminal MPAR Capabilities Technology Risk Reduc
25、tion ProgramSummary Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)1905 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupTerminal Area Primary Radar MissionsATC terminal radars support unique missionsLow altitude wind shear protection at airportsThunderstorm monitoring (30 sec update)Non-cooperative aircraft surveillance (DoD,
26、DHS)FAA Architecture identifies decision points for future terminal area primary radar 2011 - Decision to implement NEXTGEN primary radar system which includes weather surveillance requirements 2014 - Decision for replacement of legacy primary radar (ASR-8, ASR-9), based on air traffic safety, secur
27、ity and weather surveillance requirementsMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)2005 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupTerminal MPARSurveillance TypeMaximum RangeMaximum AltitudePosition AccuracyMinimum SensitivityUpdate IntervalLateralVerticalAircraft60 nm20,0006006001 m2 4.8 sWeatherMicroburst5 nmSurfac
28、e 750N/A0 dBZ60 s(surface scan)Gust Front20 nmSurface 750N/A0 dBZ60 s(surface scan)Storm Structure60 nm20,000 8500 40 dBTransmit/Receive ElementsWavelength: 10 cm (2.72.9 GHz)Bandwidth/channel: 1 MHzPulse length: 80 s (1 s fill)Peak power/element: 5 W linear pol 10 W circular polArchitectureOverlapp
29、ed subarray beamformersNumber of subarrays: 24 Maximum # concurrent beams: 24334 MPARS required to duplicate todays airspace coverage. Half of these are scaled “Terminal MPARS”Weather SurveillanceAircraft SurveillanceMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)2205 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupPolarizatio
30、n RequirementsWeatherAircraftModePolarizationWeatherDual LinearAircraft (clear)Single LinearAircraft (rain)CircularMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)2305 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupAdaptive Beam Clusters R max20,000 ftLow Elevation2TransmitReceiveHigh ElevationR max = Max_Alt / sin ()62Aircraf
31、t(linear pol)Weather(dual pol)122Aircraft (up to 24 linear pol beams)Weather (up to 12 dual pol beams)Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)2405 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupFunctionScan Update Period (sec)Aircraft “Track While Scan”4Rapid Update Weather Volume Scan4High Fidelity Weather Volume Scan
32、601.62.41.62.41.62.41.62.4TMPAR Scan Timing SummaryTime, sec04 856604High fidelity weather scan update periodAircraft and rapid update weather scan update periodMode scheduling example:Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)2505 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupNotional TMPAR Air Vehicle ID ModesRFID Mod
33、e:High Doppler resolution (1 Hz) to discriminate type (jet vs propeller vs bird), velocity spectrum, types of engines, number of enginesHigh pulse repetition frequency (15 kHz)High Range Resolution (HRR) Mode:Small range gates to discriminate length and image targetWide operating bandwidth (2.7 - 2.
34、9 GHz)TMPAR hardware supports both RFID and HRR modesCapable of detecting 35 dB improvement over ASR-9 in signal to clutter ratio for 5 kft target and wind farm at 10 nm Wind FarmRadar ReturnWindmill Doppler Spectrum* from Feasibility of Mitigating the Effects of Wind Farms on Primary Radar, Alenia
35、Marconi Systems LimitedTMPAR vs ASR-9 Windmill Suppression 35 dBMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)2705 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupOutlineTerminal MPAR Capabilities Technology Risk Reduction ProgramSummary Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)2805 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupTerminal MPAR Cha
36、llengesChallenges:Ultra-low cost array ( $50k / m2)Multiple independent beam clustersScalable aperture sizes Open architectureLow operations and maintenance costsEnablers:Highly integrated T/R chipsDesign for manufacturabilityTMPARMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)2905 June 2008 MPAR Working Gr
37、oupCommercial vs Military MMIC* Costs * Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit* Non-Recurring EngineeringNRE* DominatesMilitaryCommercialProduction DominatesDDG-1000VSRTypical Commercial Single Part VolumeTMPARTypical military procurement volume is too small to fully amortize engineering developmen
38、t costs Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)3005 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupApproachImpactMinimize HPA PowerLowers T/R module costs, allows air coolingMinimize # BeamsSimplifies beamformers, reduces interconnects, reduces backend processing Scalable PanelsEnables same array hardware for full sca
39、le and terminal area radarsTile ArchitectureReduces interconnects, enables higher level of integration onto array faceCustom T/R ChipsetLowers T/R module cost Cost Reduction StrategiesTerminal MPARMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)3105 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupTechnology Risk Reduction Progr
40、amProgram Objectives: Design, fabrication, and testing of a prototype MPAR active phased array panelDetailed cost estimate utilizing best commercial practice for a large quantity procurement of panelsCritical Development Tasks:Antenna elements and beamformers* Prototype panel with custom T/R chip se
41、t*Risk Definition and Mitigation Plan*,*Prototype panel test and evaluation* MIT LL* Subcontract to Tyco Electronics2008 Terminal MPARMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)3205 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupLow Cost Panel DemonstrationAperture Face Panel: Including 64 Radiators, Beamformers, 64 T/R E
42、lements, DC and Logic Distribution, Low Level Power ConditioningHeat ExchangerBackplane: Includes Beam Controller, Logic Fan Out, High Level Power Conditioning* Funded under Tyco Electronics IR&DPerformance TestingCustom T/R Chipset*RX chipTx chipLNA / Limiter chipCustom Radiators and BeamformersDua
43、l Pol RadiatorOverlapped Subarray0.43 mMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)3305 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupTMPAR Prototype Radar Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5Scaled Aperture Radar Scaled Aperture Radar DemonstrationDemonstrationFull Scale Full Scale FabricationFabricationTesting and Testing
44、 and EvaluationEvaluationCDRPDRTesting CDR8 x 8 Element PanelArray MeasurementsWaveform DesignSystems Analysis768 Element ArrayRadar FunctionalityAlgorithm Dev System Simulation 4864 Element Array48 Receiver ChannelsSystem SimulationTest PlanningCollect Multimode DataProcess Data Report ResultsAnalo
45、g and Digital Hardware:Systems Analysis & Signal Processing:PanelMultiple Panel ArrayFull Scale ArrayData CollectionConcept Development, Design, andLow Cost Scalable Panel Low Cost Scalable Panel DemonstrationDemonstrationNotional Development ScheduleMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)3405 June
46、2008 MPAR Working GroupSummarySpecific concept for a Terminal Multifunction Phased Array Radar developedProvides primary radar services in lieu of ASR-8/9/11 and TDWRCan support backup or integrity verification for ADS-BTMPAR has the potential to support key needs of the DHS, DoD, FAA, and NWS with
47、a single radar networkFlexible electronic beamformingMultiple simultaneous high gain receive beamsOpen architecture signal & data processingAffordability being addressed through exploitation of commercial microwave technologyCritical subsystems development and test underway Mitigate risk and advance
48、 ultra low cost design through industry partnershipMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)3505 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupMr. Kevin “Spanky” KirschDirector,DHS S&T Special ProgramMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)3605 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupCustoms and Border Protection (CBP)CBP Air and M
49、arine Operations Center (AMOC)US Coast GuardSecret ServiceImmigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)DHS Primary Radar UsageMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)3705 June 2008 MPAR Working Group Implementation Strategy: Initial Priority Risk Reduction Areas
50、Technolgy Demonstration & Testing Multi-functionality and Testing System Costs Business Case Trade Studies Discussion Areas for ConsensusMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)3805 June 2008 MPAR Working Group Interagency Management Approach Address Urgency Issues PD/Congressional Mandated Format: P
51、ast NEXRAD process (OFCM / NEXRAD Program Council / JSPO) Multi-Lateral AgencyDiscussion Areas for ConsensusMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)3905 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupQUESTIONS?BACKUPS40Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)4105 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupTerminal MPAR Weather Sensiti
52、vity80 s pulse80x compression1 s pulseno compression5,000 modules 5 W per module provides 0 dBZ sensitivity to 60 nmMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)4205 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupTarget ID Mode Operating ParametersModePRF (kHZ)Bandwidth (MHZ)Range Resolution (m)Doppler Resolution (Hz)Wide A
53、rea Surveillance(WAS)1210010RFID1521002HRR1200110Radio Frequency Spectrum:2.9 GHz200 MHz2 MHzWAS and RFID modesHRR mode2.7 GHzMultifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)4305 June 2008 MPAR Working GroupATC Cooperative Surveillance (ADS-B)Backup needed in the event of a wide-area GPS outage (e.g. jamming
54、, solar storms) or single-aircraft avionics failureIntegrity monitoring needed to guard against “spoofing”FAA ADS-B backup strategy calls for retention of many legacy radars All primary radarsSecondary radars in high density terminal airspaceBackup strategy will be re-evaluated as experience with ADS-B is gainedAlternatives under investigation include wide-area multilateration, DME, e-Loran and other non-radar alternatives (but these are all “cooperative”) Backup and Integrity Monitoring
