初中英语语法之定语从句PPT课件

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1、定语从句定语从句(Attributive clause)1 1一一.定语定语定语用来限定、修饰定语用来限定、修饰名词名词或或代词代词的,是对名词或的,是对名词或代词起代词起修饰、限定修饰、限定作用的作用的词、短语(动词不定式词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中,汉语中常用常用的的表示。表示。主要由主要由形容词形容词担任,此外,担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以来担任,也可以由一个也可以由一个句子句子来担任。来担任。作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词

2、之前,作前置定语。作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。后置定语。2 21.概念概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。(Attributiveclause)Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰girl,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句二二.定语从句定语从句3 31.Themanisafarmer.2

3、.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.合并句子合并句子: :Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisafarmer.4 4Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.5 5先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.that,which,who,whom,whosewhere,when,why2. 结构:结构: 先行词先行词 + 关系词关系词 + 句子句子3.先行词先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫被定语从句修饰的

4、词叫先行词先行词。通常位于定。通常位于定语从句之语从句之前前。4.关系词关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词作用作用A、引导定语从句;、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分、在定语从句中担当一个成分6 6关系词通常有下列三个作用:关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、_;B、_;C、_。Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.定语从句定语从句先行词先行词关系词关系词“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词替先行词theman

5、,在定语从句中作主,在定语从句中作主语。语。引导定语从句引导定语从句代替先行词代替先行词在定语从句中担当一个成分在定语从句中担当一个成分7 7三、关系代词引导的定语从句三、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语指人,在从句中做主语1)Theboys_areplayingsoccerarefromClass1.2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldman_losthisway.2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,在口语和指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,在口语和非正式语体中常用非正式语体中常用who代替,常可省略。代替,常可省略。1)Mr.Liuistheperson_you

6、2)talkedabout.2)Theman_youmetjustnowismyfriend.(whom/who)who/whomwhowho8 83.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略做宾语时可省略1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人时,相当于指人时,相当于who或者或者whom;指物时,相当于指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时

7、可省略。1)Thepeople_cometovisitthecityareallhere.(做主语做主语)2)Whereistheman_Isawthismorning?(做宾语做宾语)做主语做主语做宾语做宾语that/whothat/whom/who9 9小结:小结:that:既可指人既可指人,也可指物也可指物.作主语作主语,不能省略;不能省略;作宾语作宾语,可以省略。可以省略。which:指物指物,作主语作主语,不能省略不能省略;作宾语作宾语,可以省略可以省略.who指人,作主语,不能省略;指人,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略作宾语,可以省略,(常用(常用whom)1010注注:当关系

8、代词在定语从句中作主语时当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定的谓语动词形式由先行词定.1)Imreadingabookthat/which_aboutBillGates.2)Heisateacherwho/that_usChinese.3)Theboyswho_playingsoccerarefromClass1.5.whose通常指人通常指人,也可指物也可指物,在定语从句中做定语在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriend_fatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahouse_roofhasfallenin.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经

9、倒塌了的房子里。我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。isteachesarewhosewhose1111四四.修饰物体时关系代词修饰物体时关系代词that和和which的区分的区分(一一)不用不用that的情况的情况1.在引导在引导非限定性非限定性定语从句时。定语从句时。1)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(_)2)Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(_)2.介词后介词后不能用不能用。1)Wedependonthelandfrom_wegetourfoo

10、d.2)Wedependontheland_wegetourfoodfrom.错错对对whichthat/which1212(二二)只能用只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1.当先行词是当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something外外),all,none,few,little,some等不定等不定代词时,或当先行词受代词时,或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。等代词修饰时。如:如:1)Haveyoutakendowneverything_Mr.Lisaid

11、?李老师讲的你都记下来吗?李老师讲的你都记下来吗?2)All_canbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做好了。所有能做的都做好了。3)Thereislittle_Icandoforyou.我不能为你干什么。我不能为你干什么。thatthatthat1313注意:注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代who,如:,如:1)Anyman_hasasenseofdutywontdosuchathing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。2)Alltheguests_wereinvitedtoherweddingwerei

12、mportantpeople.所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。that/whothat/who14142当先行词被序数词修饰时。当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:如:Thefirstplace_theyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。3当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:。如:Thisisthebestfilm_Ihaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。这是我看过的最好的电影。thatthat15154当先行词被当先行词被

13、thevery,theonly,thelast修饰时修饰时。1)Thisistheverydictionary_Iwanttobuy.这正是我要买的词典。这正是我要买的词典。2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlything_heowns.家里发生了火灾过后,那辆家里发生了火灾过后,那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。旧车成了他的唯一拥有。注意:注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschool_willattendthemeeting.王华是我校唯一出席会议王

14、华是我校唯一出席会议的人。的人。thatthatwho16165当先行词前面有当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。等疑问代词时。如:如:1)Whoistheman_isstandingbythegate?站在门口的那个人是谁?站在门口的那个人是谁?2)WhichistheT-shirt_fitsmemost?哪件哪件T恤衫最合我的身?恤衫最合我的身?6当先行词为人与物时。当先行词为人与物时。如:如:1)Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings_theyrememberedatschool他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时

15、的人和事。2)Lookatthemanandhisdonkey_arewalkingupthestreet.瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴。毛驴。thatthatthatthat17171.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/that3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.which/thatwhose18184.Myparentsliveinahouse_i

16、smorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.which/that19197.Isthereanything_youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All_wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat20201.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheb

17、oyslife.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.21213.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.IlikethemusicthatIcansingalongwith.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.2222Exercise1:用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1.Theboy_isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.2.Thee-mail_Ireceivedyesterdaywasf

18、rommysister.3.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.4.Thecar_myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that23235.Theman_hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein_wehavelivedfor10years.8.Iveneverheardofthepeopleandthings_youtalkedabou

19、tjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时,关系代词当先行词同时指人和物时,关系代词只能用只能用that.2424Exercise2.1.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings_theycouldntremember.2.Sayall_youknow.3.Isthereanything_Icandoforyou?thatthatthat当先行词是当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all等词时,关系代词只能用等词时,关系代词只能用that.25254.This

20、isthefirstplay_IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_Ihaveread.thatthat当先行词被当先行词被序数词,最高级序数词,最高级等词修饰时,关系等词修饰时,关系代词只能用代词只能用that.6.Whoisthegirl_isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine_weusedlastSunday.当主句是who或或which引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句时时,或中心词指人或物时,关系代词只能用that.thatthat26261.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语用来指

21、地点,在定语从句中做地点状语用来2.表示地点的定语从句表示地点的定语从句。3.1)Shanghaiisthecity_Iwasborn.=Shanghaiisthecity_wasbornin.2)Thehouse_Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Thehouse_Ilivedintenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.五、关系副词引导定语从句五、关系副词引导定语从句关系副词:关系副词:where,when,why在句中作状语。在句中作状语。wherewhichwherewhich27272.when引导定语从句表示时间引导定语从句表示时

22、间,在定语从句中做时在定语从句中做时间状语间状语也可做连接词用也可做连接词用.1)Istillremembertheday_Ifirstcametothe2)school.2)Thetime_wegottogetherfinallycame.3.why指原因指原因在定语从句中做原因状语在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereason_youmissedtheplane.(2)Idontknowthereason_helooksunhappytoday.whenwhenwhywhy28281.六六.关系副词关系副词when,where和和2.关系代词关系代词that,whi

23、ch的区分的区分3.同样是修饰一个地点,有时使用同样是修饰一个地点,有时使用where,有,有时使用时使用that/which;同样是修饰一个时间,;同样是修饰一个时间,有时使用有时使用when,有时使用有时使用that/which。4.这主要看两点:这主要看两点:一是一是定语从句是否完整定语从句是否完整;二是二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词动词。请比较以下句子:。请比较以下句子:29291)Thisisthepark_wevisitedlastyear.2)Thisisthepark_weheldabirthdayparty.3)Shewontfo

24、rgetthedays_shespentontheisland.4)Shewontforgetthedays_theystayedtogether.5)Thatsthedate_wewenttothecollege.6)Thatsthedate_shewontforgetforever.7)Ilikethetime_welivedtogether.8)Ilikethetime_wehadtogether.thatwherethatwhenwhenthatwhenthat30302.关系副词关系副词when,where,why和和“介词介词+which”之间的关系。之间的关系。关系副词关系副词w

25、hen,where,why可以用可以用“适当的介词适当的介词+which”来替代。来替代。如:如:when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活,有时放在关系代词之前,介词的位置非常灵活,有时放在关系代词之前,有时放在动词之后。有时放在动词之后。3131(1)Thereason_herefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyear_hewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.(3)Thisistheroom

26、_Ilived.=Thisistheroom_Ilivedin.(4)Tomstillremembersthedays_theylivedinTianjin.Why()when()where()inwhichinwhichforwhichwhichwhen()inwhich3232注意:注意:1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2)that前不能有介词。前不能有介词。3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的语的介词介词+关系词关系词结构可以同关系副结构可以同关系副when,where和和why互换。互换。33331)Thisist

27、hehouse_Ilivedtwoyearsago.=ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.2)Doyourememberthedayyoujoinedourclub?=Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?3)Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.=Thisisthereason_hecamelate.inwhichonwhichforwhich3434Exercise1.October1,1949istheday_thePRCwasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.on

28、that2.Isthatthereason_youarefortheplan.A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat3.Isthistheplace_youwereborn?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that35351.Isthistheplace_youwereborn?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that2.Isthistheplace_someGermanfriendsvisitedlastyear?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.why36363.Thehouse_thefamouswriterwrotehisworksis

29、amuseumnow.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that4.Thehouse_thefamouswriterboughtmanyyearsagoisamuseumnow.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.why37375.Hetoldherthereason_heisunhappy,butshedoesntbelievethereason_hegivesher.A.why;whyB.why;whichC.that;whyD.which;why3838一一.Fillintheblankswithsuitablerelativepronounsandadverbs.1.T

30、hisistheonlybook_Igotlastyear.2.Isthisthebookin_youareinterested?3.Thisisthelargestanimal_Tomsawinthezoo.4.Rosestillremembersthetreesandteachers_exist(存在存在)inthemotherschool.5.Allthedesks_areboughtlookreallywonderful.thatwhichthatthatthat39396.Doyouhaveanymoney_isusedtobuildthefactory?7.Tomhasatoy,_

31、wasgivenbyhisfather.8.Thisisthesecondwatch_myfatherboughtforme.9.Isthistheroom_youcleanedlasttime?10.Isthistheroom_welivedbefore?11.Thisisthegarden_theystayedforanight.thatwhichthatthatwhichwherewhere404012.Thisisthegarden_theyvisitedlasttime.13.Tomhasforgottentheday_helefthishome.14.Tomhasforgotten

32、theday_Itoldhimlastday.15.Shestillrememberstheyear_shefoundherfirstjob.16.Shestillrememberstheyear_shespentinJining.thatthatwhenthatwhen4141Fillintheblankswiththesuitablerelativepronounsortherelativeadverbs.1.Isthistheroom_wespentourchildhood?2.Thisdictionaryisthesecondone_Iboughtintheshop.3.Istillr

33、ememberthedate_IwenttoNanjingforthefirsttime.4.Tomisthinkingaboutthegrassandthepersons_hesawintheyard.5.Thereare100oldmeninthestreet,someof_aredrinkingtea.wherethatthatwhenwhom42426.Doyouknowthedays_youspentonEnglish?7.Allthebooks_areontheshelfbelongtoMary.8.Areyousatisfiedwiththepark_youvisitedlasttime?9._weallknow,thebuildingwillsoonbedestroyed.10.Ihavethesamebook_shehas.thatthatthatWhichthat43434444个人观点供参考,欢迎讨论

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