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1、Unit 2Unit 2Unit 2Unit 2Section ASection ASection ASection AGrammar FocusGrammar FocusGrammar FocusGrammar Focus1.Idliketohelphomelesspeople.2.Shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteer.3.Youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekidsandcheerthemup.4.Mariobelievesitcanhelphimtogethisfuturedreamjob.5.Shevolunteersthe
2、reonceaweektohelpkidslearntoread.6.Imtakingsomesignstoputuparoundtheschool.could是情态动词是情态动词can的过去式的过去式,但常但常用来表示委婉的语气，此时与过去用来表示委婉的语气，此时与过去式无关，语气比式无关，语气比can更委婉。可以用更委婉。可以用来表示建议或劝告，意为来表示建议或劝告，意为“可以；可以；不妨不妨”。couldforsuggestionsGrammarThegirlcouldvisitthesickkidsinthehospitaltocheerthemup.Theboycouldgiveou
3、tfoodatthefoodbank.Thegirlcouldvolunteerinanafter-schoolstudyprogramtoteachkids.Theboycouldhelptocleanupthecityparks.-Ineedtogetsomemoneytopayforsummercamp.WhatshouldIdo?-Ithinkmaybeyoucouldgetapart-timejob.-Couldyouletmehaveyourpassport?-Yes,hereitis.知识链接知识链接could表示表示“能力能力”或或“可能性可能性”，作，作为为can的过去形式。
4、如：的过去形式。如：CouldyouspeakEnglishthen？那时你能讲英语吗？那时你能讲英语吗？短语动词短语动词PhrasalverbsGrammar 短语动词是指英语中有些动词和其他词类短语动词是指英语中有些动词和其他词类一起连用，构成一个固定词组，可看成一个整一起连用，构成一个固定词组，可看成一个整体，相当于一个单独的动词，这种组合称之为体，相当于一个单独的动词，这种组合称之为短语动词。短语动词。动词动词+介词介词此类短语动词可以用作及物动词此类短语动词可以用作及物动词,后面必须接后面必须接宾语。宾语。Lookattheblackboard,please!请看黑板！请看黑板！此类
5、短语动词还有此类短语动词还有listento,dependon/upon,lookfor,dealwith,lookafter,takeafter,waitfor等。等。短语动词的构成基本有下列几种短语动词的构成基本有下列几种:动词动词+副词副词此类短语动词既可以用作及物动词此类短语动词既可以用作及物动词,也可以也可以用作不及物动词。用作不及物动词。Igetupveryearlyeverymorning.我每天早晨都很早起床。我每天早晨都很早起床。Canyouworkoutthisproblem?你能做出这道题吗？你能做出这道题吗？注意注意:当此类短语动词用作及物动词时当此类短语动词用作及物动
6、词时,如果宾如果宾语是名词语是名词,可以将其放在短语的后面可以将其放在短语的后面,也可以也可以放在动词和副词之间；如果宾语是代词放在动词和副词之间；如果宾语是代词,则必则必须将其放在动词和副词之间。须将其放在动词和副词之间。Heputonhisclothesquickly.=Heputhisclothesonquickly.他快速地穿上了衣服。他快速地穿上了衣服。Pleasewakemeupatfivetomorrowmorning.请明天早晨五点钟叫醒我。请明天早晨五点钟叫醒我。此类短语动词还有：此类短语动词还有：cleanup,cheerup,giveout,eatup,fixup,giv
7、eup,giveaway,handout,helpout,putoff,putup,takeoff等。等。动词动词+副词副词+介词介词此类短语动词可以用作及物动词。此类短语动词可以用作及物动词。Wererunningoutofwater.我们的水快用光了。我们的水快用光了。此类短语动词还有此类短语动词还有comeupwith,dowellin,lookforwardto,lookdownupon,lookoutof,putupwith等。等。动词动词+名词名词+介词介词此类短语动词的意义取决于名词此类短语动词的意义取决于名词,而不是动词而不是动词,修修饰时不用副词而用形容词。饰时不用副词而用形
8、容词。Weshouldtakegoodcareofourparents.我们应该好好照顾我们的父母。我们应该好好照顾我们的父母。此类短语动词还有此类短语动词还有makeuseof,takepridein,makefriendswith,payattentionto等。等。4aFillintheblankswiththephrasalverbsinthebox.1.Iwantto_myplantoworkinananimalhospitaluntilnextsummer.Imtoobusywithmystudiesthisyear.2.Shehopesto_atleastfiveprimarys
9、choolstoaskiftheyneedtovolunteersfortheirafter-schoolprograms.putuphandoutcallupcheerupcomeupwithgiveoutputoffputoffcallupputuphandoutcallupcheerupcomeupwithgiveoutputoff3.Ourclassistryingto_someideasto_sickchildrenbecausetheyareoftensad.4.Wedecidedto_signsaroundtheschooland_noticestotellstudentsabo
10、utthebooksale.Wewill_eupwithcheepupputuphandoutgiveoutputup张贴；搭建；搭建 Heputupsomesignsaskingforoldbikes.他他张贴了一些了一些寻求旧自行求旧自行车的告示。的告示。 Theyquicklyputupatent.他他们迅速地搭建了一个迅速地搭建了一个帐篷。篷。 Iboughtanicepictureand_onthewall.A.putupitB.putitupC.putupthemD.putthemup【点拨点拨】选选B。代替。代替anicepicture应用代词应用代词it,排除排除C、D两项；两
11、项；putup是是“动词动词+副词副词”构成的短语动词，代词作宾语时应置于短语构成的短语动词，代词作宾语时应置于短语中间。中间。putoff推推迟；拖延；拖延 Wecantputoffmakingaplan.我我们不能推不能推迟制制订计划。划。(1)putoff“推推迟；拖拖延延”，是是由由“动词+副副词”构构成成的的短短语动词，其其后后可可接接名名词、代代词或或动词-ing形式作形式作宾语。(2)当当代代词作作宾语时，要要放放在在动词和和副副词中中间。类似似的的短短语动词还有有：putup,fixup,callup,cheerup,writedown,giveout,handout等。等。T
12、hemeetingisveryimportant.Wecant_.A.putoffitB.putitoffC.putitupD.putitaway【点点拨】选B。句句意意：这次次会会议非非常常重重要要，我我们不不能能推推迟。putoff“推推迟；拖拖延延”，代代词作作宾语时，要置于，要置于put与与off之之间。根据句意及括号内的汉语提示根据句意及括号内的汉语提示,用短语的正确形用短语的正确形式填空。式填空。1.Cantyou_(想出想出)abetterexcusethanthat?2.Yourdesksaretoodirty.Youshould_(打扫它们打扫它们)atonce.3.Thes
13、choolhas_(开办开办)aspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.thinkupcleanthemupsetup4.Weshouldtryourbestto_(使她开心起来使她开心起来).5.Whocan_(想出想出)agoodideaforourparty?6.Theteacher_(挂起挂起)aChinesemaponthewalloftheclassroomyesterday.7.Therearesomepeople_(分发分发)papersattheshoppingcentereveryday.cheerherupcomeupwithputupgivingou
14、t/handingout根据句意根据句意,从方框中选择正确的短语从方框中选择正确的短语,并用其并用其正确形式填空。正确形式填空。hangoutwritedownhandouttakeafterfixupworkoutaskforrunoutoftakeawayfrom1.Dontworry.Iwillhelpyou_yourcomputer.2.Theproblemistoodifficultformeto_.3.Whoishelpingtheteacher_thestudentshomework?hangout,writedown,handout,takeafter,fixup,workou
15、t,askfor,runoutof,takeawayfromfixupworkouthandout4.Ihavetwochildren.Mysonlookslikemeandmydaughter_hermother.5.Pleasewaitaminute!Illgetapento_yourtelephonenumber.6.Ifyouhaveanyproblems,youcan_help.hangout,writedown,handout,takeafter,fixup,workout,askfor,runoutof,takeawayfromtakesafterwritedownaskfor7
16、.Thesebooksmustnt_thelibrary.8.Ilike_withmyfriendsafterschool.9.Haveyou_allofyourmoney?hangout,writedown,handout,takeafter,fixup,workout,askfor,runoutof,takeawayfrombetakenawayfromhangingout/tohangoutrunoutof单项选择1.Youaresohandsome.Ithinkyoumight_yourfather.A.lookafterB.takeafterC.lookupD.lookfor2.My
17、petdogislost.Couldyoupleasehelpme_?A.lookitforB.lookthemforC.lookforitD.lookforthem3.Thecomputerdoesntwork.Lets_.A.fixupitB.fixitupC.fixupthemD.fixthemup4.Bobcantbuyanynewbooksbecausehehas_hismoney.A.runoutB.runoutofC.ranoutD.ranoutof5.Thetreeisverytall.Icant_now.A.getdownB.turndownC.getoutD.turnoff
18、6.Imgoingonvacation.Couldyouplease_mydogwhileIamaway?A.takecareB.takecareofC.tookcareD.tookcareof7.Youmustpayattention_yourpronunciation.A.atB.withC.toD.in8.Ithinkparentsshouldbestrict_theirchildren.A.isB.aboutC.ofD.with【2011山东济宁山东济宁】18.-Couldyoupleaseprovideus_someinformationaboutthestudentshealth?
19、-Ofcourse,itsmypleasure.A.toB.ofC.fromD.with答案：答案：D【解析解析】介词的用法。介词的用法。providesb.withsth.意为意为“向某人提供某物向某人提供某物”，为固定短语。故选，为固定短语。故选D。【2012福建福州福建福州】Itwassuchafunnyshowthatpeoplecouldnthelp_againandagain.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughing【解析解析】考查固定搭配。考查固定搭配。canthelpdoingsth.意为意为“禁不住做某事禁不住做某事”，此处句意为：这是一，此处句意为：这是一场如此
20、有趣的表演场如此有趣的表演,以至于人们忍不住笑了一次以至于人们忍不住笑了一次又一次。故选又一次。故选C。【2012贵州贵阳贵州贵阳】Whenyouleavethereadingroom,youshouldrememberto_thelights.A.turnonB.turndownC.turnoff【解析解析】考查动词短语的用法。考查动词短语的用法。turnon意为意为“打开打开”；turndown意为意为“关小关小”；turnoff意意为为“关上关上”。根据句意：当你离开阅览室时，。根据句意：当你离开阅览室时，你应该记住把灯关上。故选你应该记住把灯关上。故选C。【2012安徽省安徽省】-Sm
21、okingisbadforyourhealth.-Youreright.Idecideto_.A.takeitdownB.finditoutC.turnitoffD.giveitup【答案答案】D【2012甘肃鸡西市甘肃鸡西市】Mygrandpaissleeping.Willyouplease_theradio?A.turndownB.turnupC.turnon【答案答案】A【2012湖北黄石湖北黄石】Weshouldlearnhowto_wellwithpeoplearoundus.A.getalongB.getdownC.gettoD.getup【答案答案】A【2012湖北湖北荆州荆州】
22、Idontthinkwecanfindanewwaytoworkouttheproblem.Butwedbetternot_.A.endupB.handoutC.giveupD.putout【答案答案】C【2012浙江杭州浙江杭州】Hefailedinthemathtestandlookssad.Lets_.A.puthimupB.sethimupC.cheerhimupD.cleanhimup【答案答案】C【2012重庆市重庆市】Youdonthavetoworryaboutme.Imoldenoughto_myself.A.lookafterB.lookforC.lookupD.looka
23、t【答案答案】A当我们要表示当我们要表示“想做某事、需要做某事或想做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事决定做某事”时，就会出现时，就会出现两个动词连用两个动词连用的情况的情况，这时应如何表达呢？，这时应如何表达呢？同学们自然会想到同学们自然会想到wanttodosth.,needtodosth.和和decidetodosth.等表达方式。等表达方式。主要行为动词后面的动词采用主要行为动词后面的动词采用“to+动词原动词原形形”的结构，我们把这种结构称为的结构，我们把这种结构称为动词不动词不定式定式（有时可以不带（有时可以不带to）。）。动词不定式没动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语有人
24、称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。下面我们一起来看一下动词不定式有哪些下面我们一起来看一下动词不定式有哪些语法功能语法功能。1. 什么是动词不定式？什么是动词不定式？1.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语2)动词不定式作动词的宾语。动词不定式作动词的宾语。学习不定式学习不定式作宾语时作宾语时,要注意掌握后接不定式作宾语的动要注意掌握后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有词。常见动词有:want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,agree,help等。等。Manypeopledecidenottothinkaboutit.许多人决定不去想这件事。许多人决定不去想这件事。Iwanttogoto
25、thelibrary.我想去图书馆。我想去图书馆。2. 动词不定式的主要语法功能：动词不定式的主要语法功能：动词动词+todosth.的固定搭配：的固定搭配：wanttodosth.decidetodosth.hopetodosth.plantodosth.offertodosth.agreetodosth.learntodosth.asksb.todosth.tellsb.todosth.wantsb.todosth.invitesb.todosth.1.(无锡中考无锡中考)Hellusewhathehas_heranewdress.A.boughtB.tobuyC.buyingD.been
26、bought【解析解析】选选B2.(2005武汉武汉)Motherasksme_computergamesbeforefinishingmyhomework.A.notplayB.toplayC.nottoplayD.tonotplay【解析解析】选选C2.(宿迁中考宿迁中考)-Mum,canIhavesomething_?-Oh,dear.Youcanonlydrinksomewater.Thereis_inthekitchen.A.todrink;nothingelseB.drinking;somethingelseC.toeat;somethingelseD.eating;nothing
27、else【解析解析】选选A。不定式作定语修饰名词或代词。不定式作定语修饰名词或代词时要放在后面，先排除时要放在后面，先排除B、D二项；由关键信二项；由关键信息息Youcanonlydrinksomewater. 可排除可排除C。2)动词不定式作形容词的宾语。这类形容动词不定式作形容词的宾语。这类形容词有词有:able,afraid,angry,careful,easy等。如：等。如：Iamveryhappyto meetyou.我见到你很高兴。我见到你很高兴。Sheisafraidto walkatnight.她害怕走夜路。她害怕走夜路。Itiseasyto understandthecart
28、oon.看懂这部卡通片很容易。看懂这部卡通片很容易。3)动词不定式作介词动词不定式作介词but和和except的宾语。的宾语。介词之前有行为动词介词之前有行为动词do或它的其它形式时，不或它的其它形式时，不定式符号定式符号to通常被省略。如：通常被省略。如：Hehadnochoicebutto sitthereasusual.他没有什么选择，只好像往常一样坐在那儿。他没有什么选择，只好像往常一样坐在那儿。Ihavenootherwishexceptto passtheexamination.我除了要通过考试之外，没有别的心愿。我除了要通过考试之外，没有别的心愿。Hecantdoanything
29、butwaitformethere.他什么也不能做，只好在那等我。他什么也不能做，只好在那等我。()1.Hewants_somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys()2.Dontforget_yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking()3.Hefounditverydifficult_.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleepCADPractice2.动词不定式做宾语补足语动词不定式做宾语补足语不定式做宾语补足
30、语是对宾语的补充说明。不定式做宾语补足语是对宾语的补充说明。1）带）带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议主要有：要求允许提议(ask,allow,advise)，期，期望邀请鼓励望邀请鼓励(expect,invite,encourage)，教导，教导告诉想要告诉想要(teach,tell,want)，等待希望愿意，等待希望愿意(waitfor,wish,wouldlike/love)。如：。如：Idinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.Weshouldallowthechildrentochoosetheirownclo
31、thes.2）不带）不带to的不定式作宾补的不定式作宾补在主动句里，动词不定式在在主动句里，动词不定式在使役动词使役动词(make,let,have)或或感官动词感官动词(feel,listento,hear,lookat,see,watch,notice)之后作宾补时，不之后作宾补时，不定式需省去定式需省去to。包括。包括四四“看看”：lookat,observe,see,watch；三三“让让”：have,let,make；二二“听听”：hear,listento；一一“感觉感觉”：feel；一一“注意注意”：notice。如：。如：Ifeltsomeoneopenmydoor.我感觉有人
32、开了我的门。我感觉有人开了我的门。Pleaselistentomesingthesongagain.请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。Youcantlettheboystandinthesun.你不能让那孩子站在太阳底下。你不能让那孩子站在太阳底下。Youmustwatchmecarefullydoeverything.你必须仔细观察我所做的一切。你必须仔细观察我所做的一切。注意：注意：感官动词后既可跟省略感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是：补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是：前者强调动作的全过程或经常性；后者则前者强调动作的全过程
33、或经常性；后者则强调动作在进行强调动作在进行(片断片断)。试比较：。试比较：Iheardhersing.我听见她唱了歌。我听见她唱了歌。Iheardhersinging.我听见她正在唱歌。我听见她正在唱歌。3）带）带to或不带或不带to的不定式作宾补的不定式作宾补动词动词help后接动词不定式作补语，后接动词不定式作补语，to可可带可不带。带可不带。TheycanhelpyoutolearnEnglish.UsingemailEnglishhelpsyouwritequickly. 4）不定式做宾语补足语时，如果要表达否）不定式做宾语补足语时，如果要表达否定的意思，要在定的意思，要在todo前
34、加前加not,构成构成nottodo的形式。如：的形式。如：Tomtold me not totouchanything.Motherasked us not tomaketoomuchnoise.3.不定式作状语不定式作状语不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果结果状状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式不定式的逻的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。IcametoBeijingtoseemygrandpa.我来北京看望我爷爷。我来北京看望我爷爷。Imgladtomeetyou！很高兴见到你！很高兴见到你！Im
35、tootiredtowalk.我太累了，走不动了。我太累了，走不动了。1）目的状语）目的状语如果想要表达如果想要表达“做某事是为了什么做某事是为了什么”，可，可以用动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语。不以用动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语。不定式做目的状语时，可以放在句首，页可以定式做目的状语时，可以放在句首，页可以放在句尾。置于句首时常表示强调。如：放在句尾。置于句首时常表示强调。如：Inordertocatchtheearlybus,shegotupveryearly.Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.Shecametothi
36、scitytovisitherdaughter.2）原因状语，多见于）原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+todo.”结构句中。如：结构句中。如：Ifeelveryluckytohavehim.Heranoutofmoneytobuyoldbikes.3）结果状语，多见于）结果状语，多见于“too.to”，“enoughto.”结构句中。如：结构句中。如：Imtootiredtodoitwell.Theroomisbigenoughforthreepeopletolivein.4bFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox.h
37、elpmovedomakevisitspendMostpeopletodayareonlyworriedaboutgettinggoodjobs_lotsofmoney.Intheirfreetime,theythinkaboutwhat_forfun.However,fewpeoplethinkaboutwhattheycando_others.tomaketodotohelpTherearemanypeoplewhoarelessluckythanus.Volunteeringourtimetohelpthesepeopleisagoodway_ourfreetime.Forexample
38、,wecanmakeplans_sickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyforhomelesspeople.Somepeopleevenstopdoingtheirjobsforafewmonthsorayear_toanotherplace,likeoneofthecountriesinAfrica,andhelppeoplethere.tospendtovisittomove4cCompletethesentenceswithyourownideas.Useinfinitives.1.Idliketovolunteer_.2.At12:00a.m.,Ica
39、lledmyfriend_.3.ImverybusybutIcouldhelp_.atthefoodbankandhelptogiveoutfoodtothehomelesspeopletoaskhimanimportantquestiontopaintthehouseforafewhourstomorrow4.Summervacationiscoming,andIwant_.5.Iwanttotravelalone.Myparentstoldme_.tovisitmygrandparentsinHunannottodothatbecauseIamtooyounganditisnotsafe1
40、.ItoldBob_theTVsinceitwastoolate.（2001陕西）陕西）A.turnoffB.turnsoffC.turningoffD.toturnoff2.Myparentsaskedme_homeearlieryesterday.（2000北京朝阳区）北京朝阳区）A.getB.gettingC.togetD.gotDC3.Thegreedyinn-keeperoncemadethepoorheroin_twiceaday.(2001上海上海)A.danceB.dancesC.dancedD.todance4.-IsWeiFanggoodatsinging？-Yes,she
41、is.Weoftenhearher_inthenextroom.（2001苏州）苏州）A.tosingB.singsC.singD.singingAC5.Whatdidyourteachersaythismorning?Shetoldus_makefacesinclass.(2013湖北随州湖北随州)A.tonotB.nottoC.donotD.didnt6.Jessicasparentsalwaysencourageher_outheropinions.(2013辽宁鞍山辽宁鞍山)A.speakB.speakingC.tospeakD.willspeakBC()7.Driversshould
42、ntbeallowed_afterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw.(2012湖北咸宁湖北咸宁)A.driveB.drivingC.todriveD.tobedriven()8.Theteachertoldthestudents_anyfoodintothecomputerroom.(2010广东广州广东广州)A.nottobringB.notbringC.dontbringD.bringnotCA()9.Asteenagers,wereoldenough_withhousework.Wecanhelpsetthetable,washthedishesandclea
43、nourownrooms.(2010黑龙江黑龙江哈尔滨哈尔滨)AtohelpBhelpingChelped()10.Dannydidallkindsofthingstomakethebaby_.(2010甘肃兰州甘肃兰州)A.tostopcryingB.stopcryingC.tostoptocryD.stoptocryAB()11._outyourlove.Theworldwillbecomeanicerplacetolivein.(2012河河南南)A.SpeakB.TospeakC.SpokeD.Speaking()12.Fatheroftentellsme_toomuchtimeonc
44、omputergames.(2010河南河南)A.dontspendB.notspendC.nottospendD.notspendingCA()13._Englishwell,hepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.(2010黑龙江黑龙江)A.LearnB.LearningC.Tolearn()14.Ifpricesrisetoohigh,thegovernmenthastodosomething_it.(2011山东临沂山东临沂)A.stopB.stoppedC.stoppingD.tostopCD()15.Whattimedoyouexpecther_?(2
45、011山东威海山东威海)A.arriveB.isarrivingC.arrivingD.toarrive()16.Teachersoftentellus_intheriverafterschool.(2011四川内江四川内江)A.dontswimB.notswimC.nottoswimDCC()18.WhenIwaswalkingpastthewindow,InoticedWangFei_myhomework.Ireallygot_.(2011山东烟台山东烟台)A.copying,annoyedB.copying,annoyingC.copy,annoyedD.copied,annoyedA()17.Jacksteacheraskedhim_offthelightsafterclass.(2013四川南充四川南充)A.turningB.turnedC.toturn
