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1、M6Grammar定语从句定语从句I have a handsome boyfriend.I have a boyfriend who / that is handsome. 概念：概念：修饰名词或代词的从句。修饰名词或代词的从句。 被修饰的词：被修饰的词：先行词先行词 引导定语从句的词：引导定语从句的词：关系代词关系代词和和关系副词关系副词 指代被修饰的词（先行词），并且在从句指代被修饰的词（先行词），并且在从句 中充当成分。中充当成分。定语从句定语从句 AttributiveClauseI have a boyfriend who / that is handsome.先行词关系词定语从句
2、关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词where, when，whywhich, who, whom, whose, that关系词关系词指代指代充当成分充当成分关系关系代词代词that人或物人或物主、宾、表主、宾、表which物物主、宾主、宾who人人主、宾主、宾whom人人宾宾whose人或物人或物定语定语关系关系副词副词where地点地点状语状语when时间时间why原因原因限制性定语从句限制性定语从句:所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉如果去掉,主句就失主句就失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行去意义或意义不完整。这
3、种从句和先行词的关系十分密切词的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号和主写时不用逗号和主句分开。句分开。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切分密切,只是对先行词做些附加说明只是对先行词做些附加说明,如如果去掉果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话时须停顿，一般不用时须停顿，一般不用that引导。引导。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形形式式上上不用逗
4、号不用逗号“，”与主句隔开与主句隔开用逗号用逗号“，”与主与主句隔开句隔开意意义义上上是先行词不可缺是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删少的定语，如删除，主句则失去除，主句则失去意义或意思表达意义或意思表达不完整不完整只是对先行词的补只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整主句仍能表达完整的意思。的意思。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句译法上译法上译成先行词的定译成先行词的定语：语：“的的”通常译成
5、主句的并通常译成主句的并列句列句关系词的关系词的使用上使用上1.作宾语时可省作宾语时可省略略1.不可省略不可省略2.可用可用that2.不用不用that3.可用可用who代替代替whom3.不可用不可用who代替代替whom1Thisisanoldcomputerthat/whichworksmuchslowly.2IhavemanyfriendstowhomImgoingtosendpostcards.3IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.4ThisisthefactorythatIvisitedlastyear.5Thisnovel
6、，whichIhavereadthreetimes，isverytouching.关系代词关系代词:a.ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.b.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.a.Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.b.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.1.who指人，作主语或宾语指人，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省作宾语可省)2.whom指人，作宾语指人，作宾语(作宾语可省略，作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)a.Thesearethetreesw
7、hichwereplantedlastyear.b.Thisrecorder(which)heisusingismadeinJapan.c.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?d.Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?3.which指物，作主语或宾语指物，作主语或宾语(作宾作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省语可省略，如介词提前则不能省) Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat. Thegoatiseatingherflowers. Canyoulendmethebook? Youtalked
8、aboutitlastnight.Canyoulendmethebook(which) youtalkedaboutlastnight?Canyoulendmethebookaboutwhichyoutalkedlastnight?Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhich iseatingherflowers.Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.注意：介词提前时只能用注意：介词提前时只能
9、用which而不能而不能用用that。Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks? fromthat4.that指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语作宾语可省略可省略)。 that和和which在指物的情况下一般都在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，可以互换，但在下列情况下，但在下列情况下，一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.that&which(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little
10、,much等不等不定代词时。定代词时。Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(2)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。等修饰时。Ivereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.(4)先行词被先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。修饰时。a.Hetoldmethedatewhen(onwhich)hejoinedthePa
11、rty.b. 1949wastheyear when(inwhich) theP.R.C.wasfounded.1.when指时间，在定语从句中充当指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。时间状语。关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。关系副词句，又在定语从句中充当状语。关系副词可转化为介词可转化为介词+关系代词关系代词(which)结构。结构。关系副词关系副词a.Thisistheplacewhere(inwhich)welivedtenyearsago.b.Thehotelistheonewhere(atwhich)Istayedla
12、stmonth.2.where指地点，在定语从句中充当指地点，在定语从句中充当地点状语。地点状语。3.why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。状语。Iknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)shewassoangry.【温馨提示温馨提示】case，point，stage，conditions等等表示表示“情况，方面情况，方面”的名的名词后可接后可接where引引导的定的定语从句。从句。Hehadtofacetheconditionswherepressurewasheavy.他必他必须面面对压力很大的情况。力很大的情况。一、正确一、正确选用关系用关系词的
13、依据：的依据：弄清关系弄清关系词在从句中充当的句子成分；在从句中充当的句子成分；辨辨别先行先行词表示的是人、物、表示的是人、物、时间、地点、地点还是是原因等；原因等；判断从句是限制性的判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的。是非限制性的。【温馨提示温馨提示】有有时为了平衡句子了平衡句子结构，先行构，先行词同定同定语从句被隔开，从句被隔开，应注意注意识别。定语从句不难学，定语从句不难学，关键四看要掌握：关键四看要掌握：一看是人还是物；一看是人还是物；二看句中作何用；二看句中作何用；三看介词在何处；三看介词在何处；四看是否属特殊；四看是否属特殊；逗号断开非限定；逗号断开非限定；不用不用thatthat用
14、用whichwhich二二、as引引导定定语从句的用法从句的用法(1)as引引导限限制制性性定定语从从句句通通常常用用于于the same.as，such.as结构。构。【温温馨馨提提示示】the same.as和和the same.that的的区区别This is the same pen as I lost.这支笔和我支笔和我丢的一的一样(两支两支)。This is the same pen that I lost.这就是我就是我丢的那支笔的那支笔(同一支同一支)。(2)as引引导非限制性定非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修也可放在主句之后，用
15、来修饰整个句子。常整个句子。常译为：正如正如，常，常见句型有：句型有：as is known to all，as is reported，as is said，as is announced，as I expect，as we all know等。等。As we expected，he got here on time in spite of the heavy rain.正如我正如我们所所预料的，尽管下着大雨，他仍准料的，尽管下着大雨，他仍准时到到了。了。1.Theperson_youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.2.Thepersonto_youshouldwriteisM
16、r.Ball.3.Thegames_hecompetedinwereswimmingandshooting.4.Thegamesin_hecompetedwereswimmingandshooting.5.Pleasetellmethereason_youmissedtheplane. who/that/whomwhomwhich/thatwhich用适当的关系词填空。用适当的关系词填空。 why6.Thepoorboy_lostbothhisparentslastyearliveswithhisgrandfather.7.Thisisthefactory_ heworkedtenyearsa
17、go.8.Thisisthefactory_makes toys.9.Heistheboy_familywaspoor.10.Thepen_heiswriting nowwasboughtyesterday.who/thatwhere/inwhichwhosewhich/thatwithwhich.语法填空法填空“Imputtingonweight！”MyfriendPeteroften complains to me. He tries to avoid1._isfat.Allthefood2._isinside his stomach has been tested by hiswife
18、as well as himself. But nothing canprevent3._fromgettingfat.Peter，4._dietissocarefullydesigned，isalmostdeperate.答案：答案：1.what2.that3.him4.whose1.在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。Theboys_arefromClassOne.2.他有一个朋友的父亲是医生。他有一个朋友的父亲是医生。Hehasafriend_.3.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。天。Istillremembertheday_.whos
19、efatherisadoctor汉译英汉译英whoareplayingfootballmetJenniferwhenIfirst4.她是那个和我一起去那儿的女孩。她是那个和我一起去那儿的女孩。Sheisthegirl_.5.这就是那个去年我待的地方。这就是那个去年我待的地方。Thisisthecity_Istayedlastyear.=ThisisthecitywhereIstayedlastyear.6.我永远不会忘记我和你待在一起的日子。我永远不会忘记我和你待在一起的日子。Illneverforgetthesedays_Istayedwithyou.=Illneverforgetthese
20、dayswhenIstayedwithyou.withwhomIwentthereinwhichin/duringwhich.把下面的把下面的简单句改句改为含有定含有定语从句的复合句从句的复合句1Theoldwoman，beinginpoorhealth，hasthehabitofgoingtobedearly._2WritteninsimpleEnglish，thenoveliseasytoread._Theoldwoman，whoisinpoorhealth，hasthehabitofgoingtobedearlyThenovel，whichiswritteninsimpleEnglish
21、，iseasytoread.3Anyone wishing to take part in the sports meet may sign his name here._4The boy，keeping himself at a distance，watched the fight with great interest._5What are the good measures to be taken to stop pollution?_Anyonewhowishestotakepartinthesportsmeetmaysignhisnamehere.Theboy，whokepthims
22、elfatadistance，watchedthefightwithgreatinterest.Whatarethegoodmeasureswhicharetobetakentostoppollution?1.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where2.Theboy_compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which单选单选3.Thisi
23、sthestore_wevisitedthefamousshopassistants.A.whereB.thereC.thatD.which4.Thegentleman_youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom5.Pleasetakeanyseat_isfree.A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.that6.Thisistheship_wecrossedthePacific.A.bywhichB.bythatC.whereD.inwhich7.Carolsaidtheworkwould
24、bedonebyOctober,_personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which8.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,_forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when1.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which实例详解实例详解“我个人所我个人所怀疑的疑的
25、”是是“到十月份到十月份这工工作能否被完成作能否被完成”，而不是，而不是“十月份十月份”，由此判定非限制性定由此判定非限制性定语从句所修从句所修饰的的不是不是October，而是前面整个主句。，而是前面整个主句。答案：答案：D。2.Johnsaidhedbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_wastrue.A.heB.thisC.whichD.who“John说他在办公室工作一个小时了，说他在办公室工作一个小时了，这件事情是真的这件事情是真的”所以要用关系代词所以要用关系代词which指代这件事情并引导非限制性指代这件事情并引导非限制性定语从句。答案：定语从句。答案
26、：C。 3.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he此为非限定性从句，不能用此为非限定性从句，不能用that修修饰，而用饰，而用which。it和和he都使后句都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。句意不通。答案答案C。4.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.itwhich可代替句子，用
27、于非限定性定可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而语从句，而what不可。不可。That不能用于不能用于非限定性定语从句，非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使不为连词，使用逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英用逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。答案语语法上行不通。答案B。1.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whichB.who C.his D.what2.Theoldmanhastwosons,_isasoldier.A.oneofwhomB.bothofth
28、emC.allofwhomD.noneofthemI.单选单选3.NewYorkisfamousforitssky-scrapers(摩天大楼摩天大楼),_hasmorethan100stores.A.thehigherofthemB.thehighestofwhichC.thehighestofthemD.someofwhich4.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,_manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.atwhichD.bywhichtime5.Theweatherturnedo
29、uttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it6.Ishallneverforgettheyears_Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,_hasagoodeffectonmylife.A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who1.Wewentthroughaperiod_communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.(2008上海上海)A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.
30、withwhich2.Wewentthroughaperiod_communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.(2008上海上海)A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich3.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,_therewontbemuchwork.(2008上海春上海春)A.whereB.thatC.bywhichD.withoutwhich4.TheywillflytoWashington,_theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.(2008重庆
31、重庆)A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when5.Occasionsarequiterare_Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.(2008山东山东)A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when6.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_arebeyondourcontrol.(2008湖南湖南)A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat7.TheywillflytoWashington,_theyplantostayfo
32、rtwoorthreedays.(2008重庆重庆)A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when8.Manychildren,_parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage(2009安徽安徽)A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom9.WheneverImether,_wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.(2009山东山东)A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that10.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisi
33、ana,acity_namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.(2009湖南湖南)A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose11.Guncontrolisasubject_Americanshavearguedforalongtime.(2009陕西陕西)A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich12.Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,_isnamedafterhisgrandfather.(2010全国全国I)A.
34、whichB.WhereC.WhatD.that13.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof_lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.(2010浙江浙江)A.whomB.whichC.themD.those14.Thenewlybuiltcaf,thewallsof_arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.(2010江苏江苏)A.thatB.itC.whatD.which15.Ivebeco
35、megoodfriendwithseveralofthestudentinmyschool_ImeetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.(2010湖南湖南)A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which16.Theschoolshop,_customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfewtheholidays.(2011四川四川)A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where17.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,_weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.
36、(2011陕西陕西)A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that18.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents_allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.(2011福建福建)A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who19.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_arebuiltclosetoeachother.(2011山东山东)A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that20.Thatevening,_Iwilltellyoumor
37、eaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.(2012全国全国II)A.thatB.whichC.whatD.When21.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,_heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.(2012北京北京)A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when 22.Theairqualityinthecity,_isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.(2012福建福建)A.thatB.it C.asD.what23.Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,_hassurprisedusall.(2012陕西陕西)A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what
