高考英语应试策略江苏省镇江一中学周林

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1、20102010高考英语高考英语应试策略应试策略江苏省镇江第一中学江苏省镇江第一中学周周 林林2010高考英语书面高考英语书面表达高分策略表达高分策略一、闪光高分词一、闪光高分词1.认认为为,主主张张:argue，maintain，hold，believe/考考虑虑:take.into consideration/account，consider，ponder， meditate， contemplate， think over，reflectonuponthink2. 下下 结结 论论 ， 断断 定定 : come to/arrive at/draw theconclusion， concl

2、ude， decide， assert， windup.judge3.获获得得:acquire，obtain，attain，reap;赢赢得得，取取得得:earn，gain，procureget4. 支支持持，赞赞成成: approve of，in favor of，uphold，standbyonesside，agreewith，giveonesassent/提倡提倡:advocate，recommendsupport5.反对反对:oppose,objectto/抵制抵制:resistsaynoto6. 意意义义深深远远的的，重重大大的的: far-reaching, profound,si

3、gnificant, eventful /重重要要的的，有有决决定定性性的的: vital,crucial,critical,decisive important7.充充分分运运用用:optimize,makebestuseof,makefulluseof/使用使用:employ,utilize/应用应用:apply use8. 当当 前前 ， 目目 前前 : nowadays, at present, currently,presentlynow 9.勤勤奋奋的的，勤勤勉勉的的diligent,studious,industrioushardworking10. 认认 真真 的的 ， 谨谨

4、慎慎 的的 conscientious, cautiouscareful,serious11.表达表达:voice,convey,express,deliver,communicate/描绘，描述，描写描绘，描述，描写:depict,describe,picturesay,tell12.勤勤奋奋的的，勤勤勉勉的的diligent,studious,industrioushardworking13. 聪聪明明的的，有有才才智智的的 intelligent, bright, wise,brilliantclever14. 疲疲惫惫不不堪堪的的 exhausted ,fatigued ,nm-dow

5、n,worn-out,wearytired15. 参参加加 participate in, attend, take part in, go in for,engageinjoin,enter16.集中精力于集中精力于focuson,centeron,concentrateon/专心于专心于setonesmindonpayonesattentionto17.沮沮丧丧的的，失失意意的的frustrated,discouraged,depressed,down-hearted,disheartened,low-spiritedsad18.努力做，尽力做努力做，尽力做attemptto,makeef

6、fortsto,endeavorto,managetodotryto,workhard19. 志志气气，抱抱负负，渴渴望望 aspiration, ambition, yearning,thirstdesire20.除除.外外apartfrom,inadditionto,alongwithbesides21.开开展展，实实施施，做做practice,carryout,conduct,performdo22. 优优秀秀的的 outstanding, perfect, brilliant,remarkable,distinguished,excellentgood23.实实现现，完完成成achie

7、ve,accomplish,fulfill,completefinish24. 解解 释释 account for, illustrate, clarifyexplain25.证证明明,证证实实testify,confirm,verify,turnoutprove26. 碰碰到到，遇遇到到 come across, meet with,encounter,confrontmeet27. 粗粗 俗俗 的的 ， 不不 雅雅 的的 vulgar, unrefined,obscene, improper, foul, crude, coarse,roughbad28. 教教育育性性的的，启启发发性性的

8、的 instructive, educational,enlighteninggood29. 难难以以置置信信的的，惊惊人人的的，令令人人震震惊惊的的 fantastic,incredible,unusual,unbelievable,exceptional,extraordinary,marvelous,notable,noteworthy,striking,amazing,appalling,shocking,astonishinggreat,surprising30. 迷迷 人人 的的 ， 吸吸 引引 人人 的的 enchanting, charming,appealing, appea

9、ling, fascinating, attractive beautiful,pretty31.请教请教,咨询咨询consult,returnto,resorttoask32. 有有偏偏见见的的，偏偏心心的的 biased, prejudiced, partial,discriminativeunfair33.等等不不及及,渴渴望望cannotwaitto,beeagerto/for,longfor,yearnfor/to/after,lookforwardtowantto34.事事实实上上inreality,ineffect,asamatteroffact,practically,virt

10、ually,actuallyinfact35. 低低 等等 的的 ， 次次 要要 的的 inferior, junior, minor,secondary,lesser,insignificantlower36. 使使信信服服 convince, persuade, assure, confirmmakebelieve37.有有敌敌意意的的，反反对对的的hostile,adverse,aggressivenotkind38.唯一的，仅有的唯一的，仅有的sole,single,uniqueonly39. 显显示示 point to, indicate, demonstrate, reflect,

11、manifestshow40. 节节约约的的，节节俭俭的的 economical, thrifty, frugal,prudentsaving,sparing41.迟迟早早，最最终终eventually,soonerorlater,atlength,ultimatelyfinally,atlast42.在在我我看看来来，就就我我而而言言inmyview,inmybelief,asfarasIcansee,inmymind,asfarasIamconcernedinmyopinion43.想想出出，想想到到comeupwith,crossonesmind,occurtosb.think44.需要

12、需要callfor,require,demandneed45.真真诚诚的的，诚诚实实的的，正正直直的的sincere,truthful,genuine,uprighthonest46.轻视，蔑视轻视，蔑视despise,contempt,belittle,distainhate47.涌涌入入floodinto,overflowinto,crowdinto,swarmincomeinto,enter48.合合作作cooperate,joinforces,worksidebyside,makejointeffortsworktogether49. 建建设设性性的的，有有益益的的 construct

13、ive, helpful, valuable,usefulgood50.遵守遵守abideby,observe,conformobey51.易易于于，倾倾向向于于beproneto,beliableto,tendto,inclineto,belikelytobepossible52.失失业业的的unemployed,laid-off,jobless,worklessoutofwork53.熟熟悉悉,知知道道beacquaintedwith,befamiliarwith,beinformedofknow54.解解决决,处处理理resolve,settle,dealwith,copewith,ma

14、nagesolve55.意识到意识到beawareof,beconsciousofrealize56.消费消费consume,expendspend57.决决心心做做bedeterminedtodo,makeuponesmindtododecidetodo58.足足够够的的，充充足足的的sufficient,adequate,ampleenough,plenty59.永久地，长期不变地永久地，长期不变地permanently,enduringly,lastingly,constantlyunchangingly60.抛弃，放弃抛弃，放弃desert,abandon,quitgiveup61.

15、巨巨大大的的 tremendous, immense, huge, gigantic,giant,enormousverybig62. 不不 计计 其其 数数 的的 countless, endless, unlimited,innumerable.immeasurable,incalculable,numerousmany63.熟熟人人acquaintance/伙伙伴伴associate,companion/密密友，知己友，知己intimate，confidantfriend64.教教育育性性的的instructive，educational，enlightening/有意义的有意义的mea

16、ningful/有价值的有价值的valuablegood65. 提提 前前 ， 在在 前前 ahead of time, ahead ofschedule, before hand, in advance, prior tobefore66. 迷迷 人人 的的 ， 吸吸 引引 人人 的的 enchanting, charming,appealing,alluring,fascinating,attractivebeautiful67. 强强烈烈的的，激激烈烈的的 keen, intense, fierce, violentstrong68. 繁繁 荣荣 的的 ， 兴兴 旺旺 的的 prospe

17、rous, flourishing,thriving,booming/富富裕裕的的affluent,wealthy,well-offrich69. 壮壮 丽丽 的的 ， 引引 人人 注注 目目 的的 splendid, grand,magnificent, superb, striking, impressive, grand,marvelouswonderful70.位于位于belocated,besituated,stand,sitlie71. 显显 示示 , 反反 映映 demonstrate, reflect, manifest,indicate,pointtoshow72. 承承受受

18、，经经历历 undergo, endure, live with, gothroughexperience73.(整整体体)由由组组成成bemadeupof,consistof,becomprised of, be composed of/构构 成成 (整整 体体 )constituteform74. 毋毋 庸庸 置置 疑疑 地地 ， 确确 信信 地地 unquestionably,indisputably, undeniably, out of question, gowithoutsaying,unsurprisingly,undoubtedly,Itisnowonderthat.,def

19、initelycertainly,surely75.娱乐，乐趣娱乐，乐趣entertainment,amusementfun76. 目目击击, 观观察察witness, observe, viewsee77. 遵遵守守abide by, observe, confirm toobey78. 违违反反, 违违背背, 侵侵犯犯 violate, disobey,infringebreak79.真真诚诚的的,衷衷心心的的hearty,sincere,frankhonest80. 使使不不安安, 扰扰乱乱 upset, agitate,bother,disturb,troubleworry二、写作黄金

20、句式二、写作黄金句式1.It+被动语态被动语态+that.Itiswidelyacknowledged/recognizedthatextensivedeforestationcontributedtoheavysummerflooding.Itisgenerallyacceptedthattopractiseeuthanasiaonapatientwhoisstillaliveisinhuman.Itmustbeadmittedthatthepricewarwilldisturbthenormalorderofthemarket.Itcannotbedeniedthattheovergrow

21、thoftourismmaydestroytheecologicalbalanceofsomescenicresorts.It is estimated that two thirds of the cities of ourcountrieswillbeinacuteshortageoffreshwaterby2020.2.Itis+形容词形容词+that.It is obvious/evident/clear/undeniable/apparent that thesituation is caused directly by excessive commercialfishing.It

22、is understandable/inevitable that peoples attitudes aredivergentonthiscontroversialissue.Itisunimaginable/incredible/unbelievablethatsuchaboyof17shouldhavehadthreenovelspublished.3.Itis+形容词形容词+forsb./sth.todosthItisimportant/vitalforeveryonetoparticipateinphysicalexercises,fortheywilldogoodnotonly.t

23、o ourbodybutalsotoourmindandpersonality.Itiscurrentlydifficultforauniversitystudenttofindanidealjob upon his graduation, especially those majoring infundamentalcoursessuchashistoryandmathematics.4.状状语语从从句句:条条件件状状语语从从句句、目目的的状状语语从从句句、结结果果状状语从句、让步状语从句、时间状语从句语从句、让步状语从句、时间状语从句AslongasIamsureofmakingsuffi

24、cientpreparationsanddistinguishing myself during interviews, it is out ofquestion for me to get the ideal job which I have beendreamingof.Thekeyliesintheuser-solongaswecanmakeuseofitproperly,itcanbemosthelpfulforusinmanyaspects.First and foremost, the government should invest moremoney on education

25、so that the nine-year compulsoryeducationprogramcanbecarriedoutsmoothlythroughoutthecountry.Althoughitmaybringunfavorableconsequences,wecanbesure to conclude that this practice is favorable on thewhole.Therearesomanypeople,bicycles,carsinthestreetsthatyoualwaysfeelitdifficulttomovealong.Inspiteofwha

26、thasbeenachievedincontrollingthebirthrate,thereismuchtobedesired.Many students lack self-control to such an extentthattheyplayforlonghourseveniftheyknowitis harmful to both their mental and physicalhealth.Nomatterwhetherthisproblemisanaturalresultofsocialdevelopment,itisimportantthatwefindasatisfact

27、orysolutiontoitinthissocialtransformationera.Ittellsusthatwewillsucceedintheendifwekeepon trying and never give up, no matter howdifficultthematterseemsatthefirstsight.5.由由while引导的表对比的并列句引导的表对比的并列句Different people have different views onopportunity. Some people think that thereare few opportunities

28、in the world, whileothersarguethateverybodywillhavesomekindofopportunityalonghisliferoute.6.定语从句定语从句Thosewhodecidetobuyahousedowntownhavelongbeendreamingoflivinginahouseoftheirowninthecenterofacity.ThosewhoareinfavoroftheInternetclaimthatithasalotofadvantages.Those who are opposed to the Internet ho

29、ld thatdisadvantagesaremany.Thosepeoplewhodecidetogoonaself-tourarguethat they love the freedom and flexibility whentheytravelbythemselves-youcanstaylongerifyouenjoythebeautifulscenerythere.7.强调句强调句Firstofall,themainfinancialsupportcomesfromparents and other family members. For all theyearsitistheyw

30、hogivethestudentcourageanddeterminationtoholdonandexcel.Itisnottheyearsinyourlife,butthelifeinyouryearsthatcounts.8.反问句反问句Now that we can draw the conclusion thatdaydreaming is most beneficial, why not makegooduseofittomakeliferichandrewarding?If you have only had wonderful things happen toyou,howca

31、nyoubecomebrave?Ifyoucanonlyembracesuccessandwillneveracceptfailure,howcanyoubecomemature?9.with/asWith the rapid growth of economy, the livingstandards of the Chinese people have greatlyimproved.Manyofthemcannowaffordtobuyhousesandcam.Asthereformprocessofstateenterprisesspeedsup,moreandmoreworkersa

32、relikelytobelaidoff,enteringthecompetitioninjobmarket.Asindustryandagriculturedevelop,theproblemofwatershortagewillbemoreserious.10.Therebe(live,stand,exist,lie,come,seem,etc.)In the past ten years there has been a markeddeclineinthenumberofyoungmarriedcoupleswhowanttohavechildren.Recently,therehasb

33、eenastrongdebateonwhetherhumanbeingsshouldbecloned.Now there is a growing concern over the heavyburden, both academic and psychological, ourchildrenhavetobear.Thereisnodoubtthatspaceexplorationwillgreatlyinfluenceourwayoflifeandthinking.11.倒装句倒装句Onlywhenallofusjoinintheeffortsofeliminatingcheating a

34、t all levels can we expect to have acleanersocietyandamorebeautifulfuture.Only if we get prepared can we seize theopportunitiesinsteadoflettingthemslipby,justasthesayinggoes,Opportunitiesareonlyforthepreparedminds.Onlybyplanninghistimecarefullycanheimproveefficiencyandmakeachievements.12.包含包含never的否

35、定句的否定句1.与与too同时使用，表示同时使用，表示“再再都不为过都不为过” Youcanneverbetoogoodtoyourmother.Youcanneverbetoocarefulwhenyoudriveacar.2.与其他否定词与其他否定词(诸如诸如no)连用，构成双重否定，表达连用，构成双重否定，表达肯定的意义肯定的意义 Though it does good to college students in manyways,thetwo-dayweekendcanneverbesaidtobringnoproblems.3. Never.because(since).表示表示“

36、不因为不因为.就就.”Lastbutnotleast,itisforthefirsttimeinmylifethatIlearnperseverance,andinthefutureIwillnevergiveupsinceamatterisdifficult.4. 4. 与与unless同时使用同时使用Similarly,youcanneverwriteagoodresearchpaperunlessyouconcentrateonwhatyouaredoingandhavearightattitudetowardsfailure.5.never可以与可以与fail连用，表示连用，表示“总能

37、够总能够.”On the other hand, selective courses can beinformative, instructive and inspiring-becausedifferentteachers,subjects,classmatesandenvironment will never fail to sparkle newthoughts.13.平行结构平行结构Foranother,ifapersonisdiligentanddetermined,he will realize his dream no matter how poor,humbleorunluck

38、yhemaybe.Agoodteachercanbringstudentshope,dreamanddetermination.In the second place, the strict discipline is mosthelpful to me in that it molds my temperamentand shapes my character-it helps me to learnconfidenceandperseverance.KnowledgeandexperienceaccumulatedcanhelpmereapharvestinEnglishlearning,

39、andconfidenceandcouragegainedalongtheroutecanhelpmesucceedinmyfuturecareer.Yearsofpracticecanhelpmeimprovemywritingability, and constant thinking and reflection canhelpmebecomeamanoflogicandreason.If you have only had wonderful things happen toyou,howcanyoubecomebrave?Ifyoucanonlyembracesuccessandwi

40、llneveracceptfailure,howcanyoubecomemature?Compared with a film, TV is mach cheaper andmore convenientyou dont have to leave yourhouseatall.Nevertheless,otherpeopleclaimthatsuchabeliefissubjectiveandunreasonableevenatthefirstsight.14. make + 宾宾语语 + do/done/adj./n./prep. ；make(think/consider/feel/fin

41、d)+it+adj./n.+(forsb.)todo/that-clause.Thewidespreadintroductionofinformationtechnology will make our work and life moreconvenientandmorebeautiful.Most importantly, we should increasingly heightenourenvironmentalawarenessandmakeourworldabetterplacetolivein.Modem transportation means makes it verycon

42、venient for people to travel far away fromhome.Advancedmedicalsciencehasmadeitpossibleforhumanbeingstoleadamuchlongerlifeandsufferlessfromdifferentkindsofdiseases.Theterroristsmadeitknownthattouristswouldbetargeted.15.用分词结构扩展内容用分词结构扩展内容People, not realizing that water resources on theearthaxelimited

43、,wasteagreatamountofwatereveryday.Citizens have the right to know the truth andsupervise the celebrity, thus forming a kind ofpublicopinion.Havingplacedgreatexpectationsontheirson,theycouldnt hold back huge disappointment andangerwhentheylearnttheirsonsfailuretopassthetest.Withtheimprovementofliving

44、standards,moreandmorepeoplebegintobuycarstomeettheneedsofwork and life, thereby worsening the trafficproblems.16.用并列用并列/复合结构陈述内容复合结构陈述内容I love my parents because they give me life, havesacrificedalotinbringingmeupandarealwaysthereformewheneverIneedthem.Mostmenwouldliketheirspousestobeyoungandbeautif

45、ulwhereaswomenoftenputemphasisontheir spouses character, education, profession,incomeorfamilybackground.17.分析原因分析原因Thereareanumberofcausesforthegreatincreaseindivorcerateinourcountry.Ingeneral,therearetwomainreasonsleadingtotheprevalenceofcheatinginexams.There are several factors contributing to the

46、boomingofChinashighereducation.Several reasons/factors are responsible for (mayaccountfor/maycontributeto)thecomingbackofmanyChineseoverseasstudents.18.对对来说来说Thus,forsomestudents,cheating,thoughrisky,isabsolutelyashortcuttogetasatisfyingacademicevaluation.As for (As to) the society, the 7-day holida

47、y wellserves the purpose of stimulating consumptionandpromotingthedevelopmentoftourism.19.谈及谈及问题；就问题；就(某人或某事某人或某事)而言而言Whenitcomestowhethercollegestudentsshouldbeinvolvedinbusinessactivities,therearedifferentopinions.When it comes to individuals, no matter whatreasons drive them to buy lottery ticket

48、s, theyactually contribute to the society by lending ahelping hand to unfortunate people and to thedevelopmentofsportsinourcountry.AsfarasImconcernedyoucandowhatyoulike.20.毫无疑问，必须承认，不能否认毫无疑问，必须承认，不能否认Itgoeswithoutsayingthattheloveofbeautyisanessentialpartofallhealthyhumannature.Thefastgrowthofspacee

49、xplorationwillundoubtedlyinfluenceourwayoflifeandwayofthinking.Itmustbeadmittedthatthepricewarwilldisturbthenormalorderofthemarket.Admittedly,thereareadvancedresearchenvironment and better living conditions indevelopedcountries,andstudentsfromdevelopingcountriescannotresistthetemptationofearningmore

50、salaryinthewest.NoonecandenythatE-economyhasgreatpotentialsandadvantagesinmanyaspects.Thereisnodenyingthatmoneyisindispensabletousintheconsumingsociety.21.比较，对比比较，对比Justaswoodsareindispensabletobirds,soistheearthtohumanbeings.Asfaraspersonalityisconcerned,theyhavealmosteverythingincommon.Myhobbyissi

51、milartohisinthatwebothlikecollectingrecords,foreignanddomestic.Beijing is populous and crowded, whileCanberraisjusttheopposite.22.有了有了就能，没有就能，没有就不能就不能With private cars, people are able to enjoytheirleisuretimetothefullbymakingtripsintheircarstothecountrysideorseasideattheweekends.Without adequate la

52、test information neededinhiswork,onewillachievenosuccessinhiscareer.23.把把看做看做However, some people consider mankinds exploration intothespaceasawasteoftime,moneyandresources.Inspiteofthesearguments,therearethosewhosee/viewitasahastydecision,whichhassomepotentialproblems.Adoctorshouldlookon(regard/thi

53、nkof)hisworknotasamoney-makingbusiness,butratherasasocialservice.24.看法，观点看法，观点Therearedifferentopinionson(Peoplehavedifferentideasabout/Differentpeoplemayholddifferentviewsabout)whetherfirecrackersshouldbebanned.Recently, there has been a heated debate/discussion overwhetherornotsportsstarscangotoco

54、llegeorgraduateschoolwithouttakingtheentranceexams.Theissueofwhetherornotstudentsshouldtakeaparttimejobhasbeenwidelydebatedcurrently.Viewsontheissueinquestionvarywidelyfrompersontoperson.Quitealotofpeoplehold/claim/argue/advocate/suggestthatowningprivatecarsisofgreatbenefit, while others say/assume/

55、maintain/stress that theremaybeproblemswith theincreasingnumber ofprivatecars.Somepeoplebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetween the nations and that if countries play gamestogethertheywilllearntolivetogether.Otherssaythattheoppositeistrue:thatinternationalcontestsencouragefalsenationalpr

56、ideandleadtomisunderstandingandhatred.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments,butitisstillmystrongconvictionthat.Itistruethatmoneycanbringusacomfortablelife,butitisnottheonlythingthatweareseekingafter.Astotheroleofinformationinthefuture,Ibelievethatitwillplay a more and more important role in the mo

57、dernsociety.三、句式变化原则三、句式变化原则1. 长短句错落有致长短句错落有致 Abasicreasonfordivorceisthatsomepeoplearenotreallyreadyformarriage,perhapsbecausetheyaxestillestablishingthemselvesintheircareersandhaventhadenoughtimetogettoknowthemselvesandmanymembersoftheoppositesex,butfamilypressuresmakethemfeelthatsomethingiswrongw

58、iththemsincetheyarenotmarried,andsotheymarryinhastewithoutknowingeachotherwell. 请比较：请比较：Abasicreasonfordivorceisthatsomepeoplearenotreallyreadyformarriage.Astheyarestill establishing themselves in their careers,theyhaventhadenoughtimetogettoknowthemselvesandmanymembersoftheoppositesex. However, fami

59、ly pressures make themfeelthatsomethingiswrongwiththemsincetheyarenotmarried.Sotheymarryinhastewithoutknowingeachotherwell.2.主被动合理运用主被动合理运用请看下面例子请看下面例子:例例1.被被动动:WhenthePrimeMinisterarrivedattheairport,hewasimmediatelysurroundedbyhundredsofreporters.主主动动:WhenthePrimeMinisterarrivedattheairport,hundre

60、dsofreporterssurroundedhimimmediately.例例2.主动主动:Duringtheirfirstjob,manyindividualsdeveloptheirveryimportantqualityofself-reliance.Icultivatedthisqualitywhenmysupervisorallowedmetosetupandconductmyownsurveyproject.被动:Oneveryimportantqualitydevelopedbyanindividualduringafirstjobisself-reliance.Thisqua

61、litywascultivatedbymewhenIwasallowedbymysupervisortosetupandconductmyownsurveyproject.3.倒装强调适当穿插倒装强调适当穿插例例1.陈述句：Onecanfindsuchenthusiasmforapplyingforhostingthe2008OlympicGamesinnootherplaceintheworld. 倒装句：Innootherplaceintheworldcanonefindsuchenthusiasmforapplyingforhostingthe2008OlympicGames.例例 2.

62、 陈陈 述述 句句 ： The pioneers, rather than thegovernment,reallypushedthefrontierfurther.强强 调调 句句 ： It is the pioneers rather than thegovernmentwhoreallypushedthefrontierfurther.4.比较结构巧妙使用比较结构巧妙使用(1)Justasmotherisindispensabletochild,soisstudytoourspirit.(2) He was brought up in a humid and mid area inChi

63、na.Buttheclimateofthecitywherehepursueshis higher education is just the opposite of hishometown.5.句与句间衔接紧密句与句间衔接紧密(1)Naturalresourcesareverylimited.Theywillbeexhaustedinthenearfuture.Itisnottrue.Butitbecomesamajorconcernaroundtheworld.Thisisawidelyacceptedfact.(2)Itisawidelyacceptedfactthatthereisam

64、ajorconcernaroundtheworldfortheexhaustionoflimited natural resources in the near future,thoughitisunlikelytobetrue.四、逻辑关系四、逻辑关系1.表示列举和举例:firstofall,tobeginwith,first,second,next,foronething,foranother,inthefirst(second) place, furthermore, moreover, beyond that,also, besides, in addition, what is mo

65、re, such as,finally;forexample,forinstance2.表示原因:since,because(of),as,for,owingto,resultfrom,dueto,onaccountof,onthegroundof,asaresultof3.表示时间顺序:atthesametime,assoonas,sofar,since, then, until, when, meanwhile, shortly, later,lately, after a while, at that time, before, earlier,presently,inthemeanti

66、me,formerly4.表示空间顺序:closeto,closeathand(近在身旁),nextto,down,far,beyond,against(对着),ontheopposite side(相对的), opposite to, above, across,across from, around, at the bottom, before, behind,below, beneath, between, in the middle of, in thedistance,inthecenterof,farther,ontheleft/right5.表示重复:inotherwords,a

67、gain,ashasbeenpointedout,torepeat,asIhavesaidabove,onceagain,afterall,indeed,infact,truly,ofcourse,chiefly,especially,certainly,actually,particularly,tobesure,aboveall,surely,mostimportantofall,evenworse,nodoubt,needlesstosay6. 表 示 结 果 : so, then, therefore, thus, hence,consequently,asaresult,accord

68、ingly,forthisreason,asconsequence,onthataccount,itfollowsthat7.表示总结:tosumup,insummary,tosummarize,inshort,inbrief,tobebrief,inotherwords,onthewhole,inconclusion,toconclude8.表示对比和对照:(1) 对 比 : but, however, yet, or, nevertheless, still,nonetheless,conversely,nor,rather,whereas,though,onthe one hand, o

69、n the other hand, on the contrary, bycontrast with/to, in contrast, even though, instead,unlike, different from, on the other hand, in contrast(with/to), instead (of), the opposite (of), unlike,although,while(2)对照:similarly,likewise,like,as,atthesametime,infact,too,inthesameway,inalikemanner,both,al

70、so,comparedwith五、适当运用修辞手法五、适当运用修辞手法准确恰当地使用修辞手法，会极大地增强文章的表现力，使文章更加生动形象、意蕴丰富并且引人入胜。英文写作中常见的修辞手法有比喻、平行结构、修辞问句等。(1)Somebooksaretobetasted,othersswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.(2)Frommovingpictureswecanlearnmuchaboutthingsandplacesthatwecanneversee.Theyteachusmannersandetiquette;theyshowusthec

71、ustomsandhabitsofforeignpeople;theybringbeforeoureyesthewondersoftheworld;theyintroduceustogreatmenandwomenofdifferentnations.(3)Whyistheworldgettingsmallerandsmaller?For one thing, modem technology has madevarious means of transportation more and moreadvanced.解解析析第1句中运用了暗喻的修辞手法，把“读书”比喻成“吃东西”。第2句中运用

72、了平行结构的修辞手法，该段将曲个结构相同的句子并行排列，阐述了电影给我们带来的好处。第3句中运用了设问的修辞手法，以问题开头(为什么世界变得越来越小?)吸引读者继续读下去以探求答案。六、恰当使用警句格言六、恰当使用警句格言一篇好的作文在有了合理的结构和布局之外，如果能有一定的文采，一定会锦上添花，而体现文采的一个重要手段就是恰当地使用警句格言。(1)AsanoldChinesesayinggoes,travelingtenthousandmilesandreadingtenthousandbooksisthetopidealforpeople.Travel-doesbroadenourmind

73、.Itenablesustoappreciatebeautifulscenery,valuethecultureandcustomsofthecountryvisitedandlearnitshistory.(2)(2)Somepeoplethinkthatweshouldreadselectively.Justasaproverbsays,books,likefriends,shouldbefewandwellchosen.Thatistosay,weshouldselectthosebooksthataresuitedtoourinterestsandneedsandpaylittleat

74、tentiontootherkindsofbooks. (3)Inmyview,money,whenjustlyobtainedandproperly used, can bring us happiness andblessings. However, if we try every possiblemeans,goodorevil,togetmoneyfornothing,moneymeansnothingbutasourcemeans.evil.So I believe the proverb Money is a goodservantbutabadmaster.“解解析析 第1段是一

75、篇文章的开头段，通过“travelingtenthousandmilesandreadingtenthousandbooks(行万里路，读万卷书)”这一人人认同的格言引出“旅游开阔视野”的主题，令人信服，且颇显文采。第2段是一篇文章的中间段，主题句之后引用了一句谚语“Books，likefriends，shouldbefewandwellchosen(书籍如朋友，应该少而精)”，不仅达到了说明主题的作用，而且起到了锦上添花的效果。第 3段 是 文 章 的 结 尾 段 ， 最 后 用 一 句 谚 语“Moneyisagoodservantbutabadmaster(金钱是善仆，也是恶主)”收尾，

76、充分说明了自己对金钱的观点，极具说服力，起到了画龙点睛的作用。七、万能结构模板七、万能结构模板(一一)漫画作文漫画作文结构模板结构模板1(1)Itisshown/depicted/describedinthepicturethat图表内容总括. (2)进一步阐述图表内容. (3)As issymbolicallyrevealedinthepictures,折射生活中的意义.(4)Wecansaythat/Wemaydraw/safelycometoaconclusionthat/Wecanseeclearlythat对寓意进一步引申和归纳.(描述图表段描述图表段)(5)Therearemany

77、examplesfoundtoprovethat主题句.(6)Takeasatypicalexample./Thefirstexampleisthat阐述例子一(可进一步阐述).(7)Thesecondexample is that/In addition/Here is a counterexample./Oppositecaseinpointisthat/Onthecontrary第二个例子(或举一反面例子).(8)Therefore,段落总结句.(举例说明段举例说明段)(9)Inordertoimprovethesituation/Tosumuptheaboveargument/Conf

78、rontedwithsuchanissue/aproblem,weshould find several solutions to it/need to take somepositivemeasures.(10)Ontheonehand/Foronething方法/建议一.(11)Ontheotherhand/Foranother,方法/建议二.(12)Therefore/Thus/Onlyinthisway,can总结句.(个人观点段个人观点段)(9)Inordertoimprovethesituation/Tosumuptheaboveargument/Confrontedwithsuc

79、hanissue/aproblem, we should find several solutions toit/needtotakesomepositivemeasures.(10)Ontheonehand/Foronething方方法法/建建议议一一.(11)Ontheotherhand/Foranother,方方 法法 /建建 议议 二二 .(12)Therefore/Thus/Onlyinthisway,can总总结结句句.(个人观点段个人观点段)模板示例模板示例Writeanessayof150wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,y

80、oushould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.(1)Itisshowninthepicturethattwocrippledmenwith one of their legs bound together and onesupportingtheotherareheadingforwardtoseetheworld.(2)Theyhadlefttheircrutchesbehind.(3)Asissymbolicallyrevealedinthepictures

81、,teamworkiscrucial to achieve a goal, or if any, two heads arebetterthanone.(4)Wemaydrawaconclusionthatthe co-work and joint efforts is very important forsuccess.(5)Therearemanyexamplesfoundtoprovethattheimportanceoftheco-workandjointefforts.(6)Thefirstexampleisthatinthecaseofanaturaldisaster,mutual

82、helpandsupportamongpeopleisofgreatsignificance.(7)Oppositecaseinpointisthatasourcountryisnowentering into a new stage, construction of aharmonioussocietymakesitanecessitytocultivatetheteamworkspiritandestablishasupportingsystemin which people are able to depend on each other.(8)Therefore, concerted

83、and joint efforts can workwonders.(9)Tosumuptheaboveargument,weshouldfindseveral solutions to it.(10)For one thing, ourgovernmentshouldlosenoopportunitiestopublicizethe concept of mutual help and the importance ofdepending on one another. (11) For another, weindividuals should be under no circumstan

84、cesoverwhelmedandconsumedbysetbacksandfailures.(12)Onlyinthiswayshouldwestandfirmlyuptothesechallenges.结构模板结构模板2(1)Fromthepicture(graph,chart,table,pie,bar),weknowthat图表内容总概括(2)Ontheonehand,theleft/firstpicturetellsusthat情况一，图一 表 一 的 内 容 . (3)On the other hand, (theright/second)pictureinformsusthat情

85、况二，图二表二的内容(4)Itcaneasilybeseenthat揭示图画表寓意(描述图表段描述图表段)(5)There are many reasons to explain/explainingthe effect/phenomenon/case/ instance. (6)The mostcontributingoneis/Themainreasonisnootherthan理由一.(7)Whatsmore,理由二(8)理由三alsoplayaroleinthiscase.(说明原因段说明原因段)(9)Consideringallthesereasons/thissituation/C

86、onfrontedwithsuchaproblem.Ithinkweneedtotakesomepositivemeasures.(10)Ontheonehand,方法建议一方法建议一.(11)Ontheotherhand,itisnecessaryforusto方法建议二方法建议二Thus/Onlyinthisway,can总结自己的观点建议总结自己的观点建议态度态度(个人观点段个人观点段)模板示例模板示例Study the following photos carefully and write anessayof150wordsinwhichyoushould1.describethep

87、hotosbriefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected bythem,and3.giveyourpointofview.(1)From the picture, we know that more andmoreyoungpeopleareshowingtheiradmirationinan excessive way. (2)On the one hand, the leftpicturetellsusthattheyoungmanwritesthewordBECKHAM on his face. (3)On the other h

88、and,therightpictureinformsusthattheotheryoungmanisspendingRMB300onhishairinaBeckham-style.(4)Itcaneasilybeseenthatblindidolatryisnotuncommontoday.(5)Therearemanyreasonsexplainingthephenomenon.(6)Themainreasonisnootherthanthatthefanaticalfeelingsofmanyyouthtowardssuperstarsareexpressedinunguidedways.

89、(7)Whatsmore,someyoungpeopleareseekingforvanitybyblindworshipping. (8)The fact that the massmediaismisleadingtheyoungpeoplealsoplaysaroleintiffscase.(9)Consideringallthesereasons,Ithinkwe need to take some positive measures.(10)Ontheonehand,ourgovernmentoughtto ban the false media hype about idols.(

90、11)Ontheotherhand,itisnecessaryforusto channel young peoples enthusiasm forheroes in a more positive and productiveway.(12)Onlyinthiswaycanwehelpouryoungguysoutofthecrazyblindness.结构模板结构模板3(1)Fromthepicture(graph,chart,table,pie,bar),weknowthat图表内容总概括(2)Ontheonehand,theleft/firstpicturetellsusthat情况

91、一，图一表一的内容(3)Ontheotherhand,(theright/second)pictureinformsusthat情况二，图二表二的内容(4)Itcaneasilybeseenthat揭示寓意(描描述述图图表表段段)(5)Judgingfromthepictures,wecanclearlyinferthatthedrawersintentionis主题句(视作文提纲内容而 定定)(6)扩扩展展句句：第第一一个个层层Foronething/Firstof all/Firstly. (7)扩扩 展展 句句 ： 第第 二二 个个 Foranother/Besides/Moreover

92、/Inaddition/Secondly.(8)段段落落总总结结句句Thus/Asaresult/Therefore/Finally.(说明目的段说明目的段)(9)As far as I am concerned/In myopinion,theproperattitudetowards/suggestionfor主主题题isthat我我的的观观点点态态度度建建议议. (10)We should take thefollowing effective measures. (11)For onething方方法法一一.(12)Foranother,方方法法二二(个人观点段个人观点段)(二二)现象

93、解释型现象解释型结构模板结构模板1(1)From the chart/graph/table/picture, we clearlylearnthat总述社会现象/事实,whichhasarousedgreat/commonconcern.(2)Whatimpressesusmostis图 表 中 重 点 数 据 . (3)There are many reasonsaccountingfor现象或变化.(4)Firstofall/Tobeginwith,原因一.(5)whatismore/Moreover,原因二.(6)进一步说明原因二.(7)Inaddition/Besides,原因三.(

94、8)Therefore/Asaresult,总结原因导致的结果.(9)Astome/AsfarasIamconcerned,我的观点.(10)Foronething/Ontheonehand,影 响 一 /问 题 一 .(11)Foranother/Ontheotherhand,影响二/问题二.Thus/Inbrief/Toconclude,总结观点.结构模板结构模板2(1)Asisshown/described/depictedinthecartoon/picture,图表内容概括(2)Inthefirstpicture,描述图表一内容(如果是一个图表，则左或上半部分)(3)Asisshow

95、nintheseconddrawing/followingpictures,描述图表二内容(如果是二个图表，则或右或下半部分)(4)Itissafetodrawtheconclusionthat揭示寓意(或主题句，回应主题但不是主题句的重复)(描述图表段描述图表段)(5)Therearemanyreasonsresponsibleforthisphenomenon/case/instanceandthefollowingarethetypicalones.(6)Thefirstreasonisthat理理由由一一(7)Thesecondreasonisthat理理由由二二(8)Thethird

96、masonisthat/Acaseinpointisthat/Thetypicalexampleisthat理由三理由三(说明原因段说明原因段)(9)In order to improve the situation/To sumuptheaboveargument/Confrontedwithsuchanissue/aproblem,weshouldfindseveralsolutionstoit/needtotakesoxpositivemeasures.(10)Ontheonehand/Foronethingweshould方方法法建建议议一一(11)Ontheotherhand/For

97、another,方方法法建建议议二二(12)Therefore/Thus/Onlyinthisway,can总总结结句句(个人观点段个人观点段)模板示例模板示例Studythefollowingpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayofabout150words.Youressayshouldcoveralltheinformation provided and meet therequirementbelow:1.Interpretthefollowingpictures.2.Giveyourreasonstothisphenomenon.(1)As is show

98、n in the picture, the situation ofcollege students employment is worsening, as it ishardforthemtobeacceptedbyanemployerupongraduation.(2)Inthetwobarpictureswecanseethatthenumberofbothcollegegraduatesandpostgraduates increased from 1990 to 2001. (3)As isshowninthefollowingpictures,nearly50,000,or10%o

99、fcollegegraduatesinthecitybecomejoblessintheyear2001.(4)Itissafetodrawtheconclusionthatcollegestudents,oncetheGodfavoredfew,arenowintheirhardtimes.(5)Therearemanyreasonsresponsibleforthisphenomenonandthefollowingarethetypicalones.(6)Thefirstreasonisthatthecityseconomicstructureischangingsofastthatma

100、nycollegegraduatesarenotreadyforthechallenge.(7)Thesecondreasonisthattypeofeconomyhasbeenchanged to the knowledge economy that features high andnewtechnologiesandmodernmanagement.Therequirementtograduatesismoreandmorehigh.(8)Thethirdreasonisthatmanyuniversitiesfailedtochangetheireducationplanstomeet

101、thesocietysneeds,sothattheywillnotbeabletoproducestudentsfullyprepared.Asaresult,itisnothardtoseethatmanystudentscannotfindajobthatmatchestheirmajors.(9)In order to improve the situation, we should findseveralsolutionstoit.(10)Foronething,theunemploymentratewillcontinuetofallasmoreandmoregraduatesch

102、oosetofurthertheireducation.(11)Foranother,collegegraduatesshouldbeencouragedtotakethepostwhichmaynotmatchestheirmajorsandkeeplearningintheprocessofpractice.(12)Onlyinthisway,cancollegestudentsfindjobopportunitiesinthesociety.(三三)对比选择型对比选择型结构模板结构模板1(1)Whenitcomesto事事物物/问问题题,thereisnocomplete agreeme

103、nt among people. (2)Somepeople take it for granted that 一一 种种 观观 点点 .(3)However,othersmaintainthat另一种观点另一种观点.(4)Thosepeoplewhoholdtheformeropinionbelieve观观点点一一理理由由一一.(5)Inaaddition,观观点点一一理理由二由二.(6)therefore总结观点一总结观点一.(7)However, still others advocate the latteropinionbecausetheyhold观观点点二二理理由由一一.(8)B

104、esides,theyarguethat观观点点二二理理由由二二.(9)So,总结观点二总结观点二.(10)Weighing up these two arguments, 我我的的看看法法.(11)Foronething,个个人人看看法法的的依依据据一一.(12)foranother,个个人人看看法法的的依依据据二二.(13)Taking above-mentioned factors intoconsideration,we/Imayreasonablyconcludethat重申观点重申观点.结构模板结构模板2(1)Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson看

105、法/问题.(2)Someprefer一种看法/观点.(3)Otherstendto另一种看法/观点.(4)Astome,Iagreetothefirst/secondopinion.(5)Ofcourse,我不赞同观点的合理性.(6)Forexample, 支持其合理性的例子. (7)But in myopinion,我不赞同观点的不足.(8)Thefollowingreasonscanaccountformyargument.(9)Firstly, 支 持 观 点 的 理 由 一 . (10)A goodexampletoillustrateis支持理由一的例子.(11)Inaddition

106、/Moreover/Whatsmore,支持观点的理由二.(12)Toconclude/Fromtheforegoing,重申观点.结构模板结构模板3(1)Whenaskedabout/Whenitcomesto事物/问题, different people will offer different opinions.(2)Somepeopletakeitforgrantedthat观点一.(3)Intheiropinion,观点一的理由一.(4)Besides,观点一的理由二.(5)However, others hold 观 点 二 . (6)Theymaintain观点二理由一.(7)A

107、nd观点二理由二.(8)Weighingupthesetwoarguments,我的观点.(9)Foronething/Ontheonehand,理由一.(10)Foranother/Ontheotherhand,理由二.(11)Forinstance,asstatedabove,总结全文.(四四)观点论证型观点论证型结构模板结构模板1(1)Itiswellknownthat论点.(2)Thetruthisdeepandprofound./Thetruthofitisself-evident.(3)正确性表现.(4)总结论点.(5)Many remarkable factors/reasons

108、 contribute tothis argument. (6)First of all, 论据一. (7)Whatsmore/Moreover,论据二.(8)Forexample,支持论据二的事例.Inaddition/Besides,论据三.(10)All mentioned above tell us that 重申观点.(11)Therefore,thereisnodenyingthat正确态度或做法.(12)Inshort,总结全文.结构模板结构模板2(1)论点,whichhasbeengenerallyaccepted.(2)论点含义.(3)Thetruthofitisdeepan

109、dprofound.(4)Therearenumerousexamplessupportingthisargument./Manyremarkableexamplescontributetothisargument.(5)Acaseinpointis例证一.(6)Thisis close to suggest例证一的道理. (7)For anotherexample,例证二.(8)Moreover,例证三.(9)judging from the evidence offered, we mightsafelydrawtheconclusionthat重申观点.Butonethingwehave

110、tonoticeis需要注意的问题.(11)Inshort,总结全文.(五五)问题解决型问题解决型结构模板结构模板1(1)Nowadays,itisgenerallyacceptedthat总述问题.(2)表现一.(3)表现二.(4)Therearemanyreasonsaccountingfor该问题./Specialattentionshouldbepaidtothefactthat该问题isbringinggreatdamage.(5)Ontheonehand/foronething,原因一/危害一.(6)Ontheotherhand/Foranother,原因二/危害二.(7)Ther

111、efore,itishightimethat解决该问题.(8)Many a way can be adopted to解决该问题./Manyafactorplaysanimportantrolein解决该问题.(9)Firstly/Firstofall,方 法 一 /因 素 一 .(10)Secondly/Inaddition,方 法 二 /因 素 二 .(11)Thirdly/Besides/Moreover, 方 法 三 /因 素 三 .(12)Onlythroughtheseways/Onlyinthisway该问题才能够解决.结构模板结构模板2(1)Recently,therehasb

112、eenadiscussionabout总述该问题. / Nowadays, it has become a commonphenomenon总述该问题. (2) 危害一/原因一 .Additionally,危害二/原因二.(4)Therefore,itishightimethat解决该问题.(5)Thefollowingwayscanbeadoptedto解决该问题./Someeffectivemeasureshavebeentakento解决该问题./Manyafactorplaysanimportantrolein解决该问题.(6)Firstly/Firstofall,方法一/因素一.(7

113、)Secondly/Inaddition,方 法 二 /因 素 二 .(8)Thirdly/Besides/Moreover, 方 法 三 /因 素 三 .(9)Onlythroughtheseways/Onlyinthisway该问题才能够解决.(10)Thereisnodoubtthat解决该问题的意义.(11)Asforme,我的建议或看法.(12)总结观点.2010高考英语阅读理解高考英语阅读理解高分策略高分策略一、干扰项九大特点一、干扰项九大特点1.张冠李戴张冠李戴例例1.UnderthenewNorthernTerritorylaw,anadultpatientcanrequest

114、deathprobablybyadeadlyinjectionorpill-toputanendtosuffering.Thepatient must be diagnosed as terminally ill bytwo doctors. After a cooling off period ofsevendays,thepatientcansignacertificateofrequest.After48hoursthewishfordeathcanbemet. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwinresident suffering from

115、lung cancer, the NTRightsofTerminallyIIIlawmeanshecangetonwith living without the haunting fear of hissuffering:aterrifyingdeathfromhisbreathingcondition.Imnotafraidofdyingfromaspiritualpointofview,butwhatIwasafraidofwashowIdgo,becauseIvewatchedpeople die in the hospital fighting foroxygenandclawing

116、attheirmasks,hesays.When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will_.A.facehisdeathwithcalmcharacteristicofeuthanasiaB.B. experience the suffering of a lungcancerpatientC.haveanintensefearofterriblesufferingD.undergoacoolingoffperiodofsevendays例例2.Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys(卷卷尾尾猴猴), like humans, are g

117、uided by socialemotions. In the wild, they are a cooperative,grouplivingspecies.Suchcooperationislikelytobe stable only when each animal feels it is notbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems, are not the preserve of people alone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantl

118、ycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,or whether it stems from the common ancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A. Monkeys can be trained to develop socialemotio

119、ns.B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild. 2.偷梁换柱偷梁换柱例例1. Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin.Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firmsouts

120、ider status as the key to its success.Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagencies avoid dramatic declarations on thechance they might be wrong. Straitford, saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.Straitfordismostproudofits_.A.officialstatusB.nonconfor

121、mistimageC.efficientstaffD.militarybackground例例2.Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer GantRedmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a jobdatabase on the Internet. He searched it with nosuccess but was attracted by the sites “personalsearch agent.” Its an interactive feature that letsvisitorskeyinjob

122、criteriasuchaslocation,title,andsalary,thenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionis posted in the database. Redmon chose thekeywordslegal,intellectualproperty,andWashington,D.C.Threeweekslater,hegothisfirstnotification of an opening. “I struck gold,” saysRedmon, who E-mailed his resume to theemployerandwo

123、napositionasin-housecounselforacompany.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob?A.Bysearchingopeningsinajobdatabase.B.Bypostingamatchingpositioninadatabase.C.Byusingaspecialserviceofadatabase.D.ByE-mailinghisresumetoadatabase.3.断章取义断章取义 When I decided to quit my full time employment it neveroccurred to me that I migh

124、t become a part of a newinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelatively high profile career although, in the manner of adisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.Whichofthefollowingistrueacco

125、rdingtoparagraph1?A.Full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend.B.Thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob.C.“Alateralmove”meanssteppingoutoffull-timeemployment.D.Thewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily.4.以偏概全以偏概全 Weliveasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances(drugs)

126、ispervasive:anaspirinto quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthe nerves.Whendothesesociallyacceptableandapparentlyconstructiveusesofasubstancebecomemisuses?Firstofall,mostsubstancestakeninexcesswill produce negative effects such as poisoning orintense

127、perceptual distortions. Repeated use of asubstance can also lead to physical addiction orsubstancedependence.Dependenceismarkedfirstbyan increased tolerance,with more and more of thesubstancerequiredtoproducethedesiredeffect,andthen by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstancei

128、sdiscontinued.Physicaldependenceoncertainsubstancesresultsfrom_.A.uncontrolledconsumptionofthemoverlongperiodsoftimeB.exclusiveuseofthemforsocialpurposesC.quantitativeapplicationofthemtothetreatmentofdiseasesD.carelessemploymentofthemforunpleasantsymptoms5.曲解原意曲解原意 WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheIn

129、ternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfor the CIA was fascinated with information.Donovan believedin using whatever tools cametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage-spyingasa“profession.” These days the Net, which hasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypa

130、stimesasbuyingbooks and sending mail, is reshaping Donovansvocationaswell.TheemergenceoftheNethas_.A.receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovanB.remoldedtheintelligenceservicesC.restoredmanycommonpastimesD.revivedspyingasaprofession6.添油加醋添油加醋 例例1.Moreover,demographersseethecontinuingshiftsouth and west as j

131、oined by a related but newerphenomenon:Moreandmore,Americansapparentlyare looking not just for places with more jobs butwithfewerpeople,too.Someinstances-Regionally,theRockyMountainstatesreportedthemostrapidgrowthrate-37.1percentsince1970inavastareawithonly5percentoftheUSpopulation.Amongstates,Nevad

132、aandArizonagrewfastestofall:63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively. Except forFloridaandTexas,thetop10inrateofgrowthiscomposedofWesternstateswith7.5millionpeople-about9persquaremile.Wecanseefromtheavailablestatisticsthat_.A.CaliforniawasoncethemostthinlypopulatedareainthewholeUSB.thetop10statesingrowthr

133、ateofpopulationwerealllocatedintheWestC.citieswithbetterclimatesbenefitedunanimouslyfrommigrationD.Arizonarankedsecondofallstatesinitsgrowthrateofpopulation例例2.Itsaroughworldoutthere.Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegslippingonyourdoormat.Lightupthe stove and you could burn down the house.Luckily, if t

134、he doormat or stove failed to warn ofcomingdisaster,asuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.Orsothethinkinghas gone since the early 1980s, when juries beganholdingmorecompaniesliablefor theircustomersmisfortunes.Feelingthreatened,companiesrespondedbywritingever-longer warning labels, try

135、ing to anticipateevery possible accident. Today, stepladders carrylabels several inches long that warn, among otherthings,thatyoumight-surprise!-falloff.ThelabelonachildsBatmancapecautionsthatthetoy“doesnotenableusertofly.”Manufacturersasmentionedinthepassagetendto_.A.satisfycustomersbywritinglongwa

136、rningsonproductsB.becomehonestindescribingtheinadequaciesoftheirproductsC.makethebestuseoflabelstoavoidlegalliabilityD.feelobligedtoviewcustomerssafetyastheirfirstconcern7.颠倒是非颠倒是非 例例1.AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,courteous,andhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,t

137、hisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,of course, exceptions. Small minded officials, rudewaiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.For a long period of tim

138、e and in many parts of thecountry, a traveler was a welcome break in anotherwise dull existence. Dullness and lonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswere welcome sources of diversion, and broughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.Intheeyesofvisitorsfr

139、omtheoutsideworld,_.A.rudetaxidriversarerarelyseenintheUSB.B.smallmindedofficialsdeserveaseriouscommentC.CanadiansarenotsofriendlyastheirneighborsD.mostAmericansarereadytoofferhelp例例2.Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplex set of cultural signals, assumptions, andconventions underlies all s

140、ocial interrelationships.And, of course, speaking a language does notnecessarily mean that someone understands socialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailto“translate”cultural meanings properly often draw wrongconclusions.Forexample,whenanAmericanusestheword“friend,”theculturalimplicationsofthewordmay

141、 be quite different from those it has in thevisitorslanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabrief encounter on a bus to distinguish betweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastpara

142、graphthat_.A.cultureexercisesaninfluenceoversocialinterrelationshipB.courteousconventionandindividualinterestareinterrelatedC.variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriendsD.socialinterrelationshipsequalthecomplexsetofculturalconventions8.混淆视听混淆视听 例例1. Few creations of big technology captur

143、e theimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankindslongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheidealofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.Buttobefascinatedisalso, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant damprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.Thelessonfromdamsisthatbigisnotalwaysbeauti

144、ful.Itdoesnthelpthatbuildingabig,powerfuldamhasbecome a symbol of achievement for nations andpeople striving to assert themselves. Egyptsleadership in the Arab world was cemented by theAswanHighDam.TurkeysbidforFirstWorldstatusincludesthegiantAtaturkDam.Inparagraph5,“thepowerless”probablyrefersto_.A

145、.areasshortofelectricityB.damswithoutpowerstationsC.poorcountriesaroundIndiaD.commonpeopleintheNarmadaDamarea9.无中生有无中生有 Americannolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeech or in writing, to command the Englishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nor dotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOw

146、nThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusic and Why We Should, Like, Care, JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberaland conservativeviews, seesthetriumph of1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarry large chunks of memori

147、zed poetry in theirheads, while Italian politicians tend to elaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges thatformal language is not strictly necessary, andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms-heisreallygrieving over the loss of somethingbeautifulmorethan u

148、seful. We now take our English “on paperplates instead of china.” A shame, perhaps, butprobablyaninevitableone.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish_.A.isinevitableinradicaleducationreformsB.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopmentC.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-cultureD. brought abo

149、ut changes in public attitudes in the1960s二、高分解题四大原则二、高分解题四大原则 原则一、异曲同工原则原则一、异曲同工原则例例1.Itsaroughworldoutthere.Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegslippingonyourdoormat.Lightupthestoveandyoucouldburndownthehouse.Luckily,ifthedoormatorstovefailedtowarn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuitmightcompensat

150、eyouforyourtroubles.Orsothethinking has gone since the early 1980s, whenjuries began holding more companies liable fortheircustomersmisfortunes.Whatwerethingslikein1980swhenaccidentshappened?A.Customersmightberelievedoftheirdisastersthroughlawsuits.B.Injuredcustomerscouldexpectprotectionfromthelegal

151、system.C.Companieswouldavoidbeingsuedbyprovidingnewwarnings.D.Juriestendedtofindfaultwiththecompensationscompaniespromised.例例2.Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeople smile, you must know how to identifyshared experiences and problems. Your humormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshow the

152、m that you are one of them or that youunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointof view. Depending on whom you areaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothe disorganized methods of their secretaries;alternatively if you are addressing secreta

153、ries, youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould_.A.takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudienceB.makefunofthedisorganizedpeopleC.addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeopleD.showsympathyforyourlisteners原则二、顺应主旨原则原则二、顺应主旨原则 例例1. There is another way to commit evolutionarysui

154、cide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.Exceptinsomereligious communities, very few women have 15children.Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageof death, has become average. Most of us haveroughly the same number of offspring. Again,differences between people and th

155、e opportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished. India shows what is happening. Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.Thegrandmediocrity of today - everyone being the same insurvival and number of offspring - means thatnatural selection

156、 has lost 80% of its power inupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?A.Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.B.Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.C.Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.D.Indiaisoneofthecountrieswit

157、haveryhighbirthrate.例例2.WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.The American spymaster who built the Office ofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidthe roots for the CIA was fascinated withinformation. Donovan believed in using whatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage-spyingasa“prof

158、ession.”ThesedaystheNet,whichhas already re-made such everyday pastimes asbuying books and sending mail, is reshapingDonovansvocationaswell.Donovansstoryismentionedinthetextto_.A.introducethetopicofonlinespyingB.showhowhefoughtfortheU.S.C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwarD.honorhisuniqueservicestothe

159、CIA原则三、求新思变原则原则三、求新思变原则Moreover, demographers see the continuing shiftsouthandwestasjoinedbyarelatedbutnewerphenomenon:Moreandmore,Americansapparently are looking not just for places withmore jobs but with fewer people, too. Someinstances-Regionally,theRockyMountainstatesreportedthemostrapidgrowthra

160、te-37.1percentsince1970inavastareawithonly5percentoftheUSpopulation.Amongstates,NevadaandArizonagrewfastestofall:63.5and53.1percentrespectively.ExceptforFloridaandTexas,thetop10inrateofgrowthiscomposedofWesternstateswith7.5millionpeople-about9persquaremile.Theflightfromovercrowdednessaffectsthemigra

161、tionfromsnowbelttomorebearableclimates.Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize moretheAmericansearchforspaciouslivingthanintheFarWest.There,Californiaadded3.7milliontoitspopulationinthe1970s,morethananyotherstate.Thecensusdistinguisheditselffrompreviousstudiesonpopulationmovementinthat_.A. it st

162、resses the climatic influence on populationdistributionB.ithighlightsthecontributionofcontinuouswavesofimmigrantsC. it reveals the Americans new pursuit of spaciouslivingD.itelaboratesthedelayedeffectsofyesterdays“babyboom”原则四、中庸之道原则原则四、中庸之道原则AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcerns th

163、e technology available for marketing.Until recently, Internet marketing activities havefocusedonstrategiesto“pull”customersintosites.Inthe past year, however, software companies havedeveloped tools that allow companies to “push”information directly out to consumers, transmittingmarketing messages di

164、rectly to targeted customers.Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscriberscomputermonitors.Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationthey want to receive and proceed directly to acompanys Web site. Companies such as VirtualVin

165、eyardsarealreadystartingtousesimilar technologies to push messages to customers aboutspecialsales,productofferings,orotherevents.ButpushtechnologyhasearnedthecontemptofmanyWebusers.Online culture thinks highly of the notion that theinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest. Once com

166、mercial promotion begins to fill thescreen uninvited, the distinction between the Web andtelevision fades. Thats a prospect that horrifies Netpurists.IntheviewofNetpurists,_.A.thereshouldbenomarketingmessagesinonlinecultureB.moneymakingshouldbegivenprioritytoontheWebC.theWebshouldbeabletofunctionast

167、hetelevisionsetD.thereshouldbenoonlinecommercialinformationwithoutrequests三、高分解题技巧三、高分解题技巧技巧一、回归定位法技巧一、回归定位法Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only oneindustry-WilliamShakespeare-buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches.There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (ASC),whichpres

168、entssuperbproductionsoftheplaysattheShakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. Andthere are the townsfolk who largely live off thetouristswhocome,nottoseetheplays,buttolookatAnneHathawaysCottage,Shakespearesbirthplaceandtheothersights.TheworthyresidentsofStratforddoubtthatthetheatreaddsapennytotheirr

169、evenue.TheyfranklydisliketheRSCsactors,themwiththeirlonghairandbeardsandsandalsandnoisiness.ItsalldeliciouslyironicwhenyouconsiderthatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,washimselfanactor(withabeard)anddidhisshareofnoise-making.FromthefirsttwoParagraphs,welearnthat_.A.thetownsfolkdenytheRSCscontribution

170、tothetownsrevenueB.theactorsoftheRSCimitateShakespeareonandoffstageC.thetwobranchesoftheRSCarenotongoodtermsD.thetownsfolkearnlittlefromtourism技巧二、主旨推断法技巧二、主旨推断法Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat, for, however farfetched and unreasonable the

171、irprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe-evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight-itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirements

172、ofFuturist poetry, can hardly be classed asLiterature.Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?62.TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetryis_.A.basedonreasonableprinci

173、plesB.newandacceptabletoordinarypeopleC.indicativeofbasicchangeinhumannatureD.moreofatransientphenomenonthanliterature技巧三、选项定位法技巧三、选项定位法It is also less than most forecasters hadpredicted. In late 1994 the panel ofeconomistswhichTheEconomistpollseachmonth said that America s inflation ratewouldaverag

174、e3.5%in1995.Infact,itfellto 2. 6% in August, and is expected toaverage only about 3% for the year as awhole. In Britain and Japan inflation isrunninghalfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheendoflastyear.Thisisnoflashinthepan；overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpecte

175、dinBritainandAmerica.ThesentenceThisisnoflashinthepan(lastsentence,Paragraph3)meansthat_.A.thelowinflationratewilllastforsometimeB.theinflationratewillsoonriseC.theinflationwilldisappearquicklyD.thereisnoinflationatpresent技巧四、转折词定位法技巧四、转折词定位法AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcerns the

176、 technology available for marketing.Untilrecently,Internetmarketingactivitieshavefocused on strategies to pull customers intosites. In the past year, however, softwarecompanies have developed tools that allowcompaniestopushinformationdirectlyouttoconsumers,transmittingmarketingmessagesdirectly to ta

177、rgeted customers. Most notably, thePointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver acontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisements to subscribers computer monitors.SubscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompanysWebsite.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadyst

178、artingtousesimilartechnologiestopushmessagestocustomersaboutspecialsales,productofferings,orotherevents.ButpushtechnologyhasearnedthecontemptofmanyWebusers.Onlineculturethinks highly of the notion that the informationflowing onto the screen comes there by specificrequest.Oncecommercialpromotionbegin

179、stofillthescreenuninvited,thedistinctionbetweentheWebandtelevisionfades.ThatsaprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists.Speaking of the online technology available formarketing,theauthorimpliesthat_.A.thetechnologyispopularwithmanyWebusersB.businesseshavefaithinthereliabilityofonlinetransactionsC.thereisaradi

180、calchangeinstrategyD.itisaccessiblelimitedlytoestablishedpartners技巧五、常识排除法技巧五、常识排除法 例例1.一篇有关幽默的文章有一个理解题是：一篇有关幽默的文章有一个理解题是：Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered_.A.inwell-wordedlanguageB.asawkwardlyaspossibleC.inexaggeratedstatementsD.ascasuallyaspossible例例2.Whichofthefollowingca

181、nbeadisadvantageofsearchagents?A.Lackofcounseling.B.Limitednumberofvisits.C.Lowerefficiency.D.Fewersuccessfulmatches.四、考场三忌四、考场三忌一忌、忌主观臆断一忌、忌主观臆断AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingad

182、eclineofthetraditionalworkmoralvalues.Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehard-workingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledontknowwheretheyshouldgonext.Inthewesternerseyes,thepostwarJapanwas_.A.underaimlessdevelopmentB.apositiveexampleC.ariv

183、altotheWestD.onthedecline二忌、忌妄加推断二忌、忌妄加推断 NBACmembersalsoindicatedthattheywillappealtoprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsnottotrytoclonehumansbybodycellnucleartransfer.Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.Shapiroandmostmembersfavored

184、anappealforsuchlegislation,butinaphoneinterview,hesaidthisissuewasstillupintheair.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat_.A.someNBACmembershesitatetobanhumancloningcompletelyB.alawbanninghumancloningistobepassedinnotimeC.privatelyfundedresearcherswillrespondpositivelytoNBACsappealD.theissueofhumanc

185、loningwillsoonbesettled三忌、见树不见林三忌、见树不见林Totakeadvantage ofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreigninvestment. Countries that still think foreigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwell study the history of infrastructure

186、 (the basicstructural foundations of a society) in the UnitedStates. When the United States built its industrialinfrastructure,itdidnthavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmericasSecondWaveinfrastructure-includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon-werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,th

187、eDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritains former colony. They financed them.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThird Wave infrastructure, which today

188、is an electronicinfrastructure, the better off youre going to be. Thatdoesntmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does meanrecognizing how important they can be in building theenergy and telecom infrastructures needed to take fulladvantageoftheInternet.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof_.A.providingfinancialsupportoverseasB.preventingforeigncapitalscontrolC.buildingindustrialinfrastructureD.acceptingforeigninvestment