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1、第十章第十章汉英翻英翻译中的中的衔接接与连贯在在HallidayHalliday和和HasanHasan看来看来, ,衔接衔接是一种非结构性语篇意义关系是一种非结构性语篇意义关系, ,它侧重于句间不同成分之间的它侧重于句间不同成分之间的语义联系。他们把形成衔接的语义联系。他们把形成衔接的非结构性意义关系分为五种类非结构性意义关系分为五种类型型: : 照应、替代、省略、连接照应、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接。和词汇衔接。Reference- personal referenceReference- personal reference我我赤赤裸裸裸裸来来到到这这世世界界，转转眼眼间间（我我）也也将
2、将赤赤裸裸裸裸的的回回去去罢罢？但但（我我）不不能能平平的的，( (我我) )为为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊？什么偏要白白走这一遭啊？I I have have come come to to this this world, world, stark-naked; stark-naked; am am I I to to go go back back in in a a blink blink in in the the same same nakedness? nakedness? It It is is not not fair fair though: though: why why s
3、hould should I I have have made made this this trip trip for for nothing!(nothing!(张培基，张培基，20022002：74)74)Demonstrative Reference这这( (些些),),那那( (些些)-to refer to person or )-to refer to person or objectsobjects这儿这儿, ,那儿那儿, ,这里这里, ,那里那里-to refer to the -to refer to the location in spacelocation in spa
4、ce这会儿这会儿, ,那会儿那会儿-to refer to the location -to refer to the location in timein time这么这么, ,那么那么, ,这样这样, ,那样那样-to refer to quality, -to refer to quality, state and degreestate and degreeHe has his own positive opinion on all matters; not an unwise one, usually, for his ownends; and will ask no advice
5、of yours.它对于所有的事情都有明确的主见。就达到目的而言，其见解往往并非愚鲁之见。Here we know that repetition is the phenomena that English tries to avoid but stronglyfavored by Chinese.SubstitutionSubstitution1)Efforts 1)Efforts on on the the part part of of the the developing developing nations nations are are certainly certainly re
6、quired. required. SoSo is is a a re-ordering re-ordering of of priorities priorities to to give give agriculture agriculture the the first first call call on on national national resources. (Takashi resources. (Takashi OkaOka: The Hungry World): The Hungry World)发发展展中中国国家家作作出出努努力力当当然然是是必必须须的的。调调整整重重
7、点点让让农业优先占有自然资源也当然是必须的。农业优先占有自然资源也当然是必须的。2)Darcy 2)Darcy took took up up a a book; book; Miss Miss BingleyBingley did did the the samesame. . ( (J.AustinJ.Austin: : Pride Pride and and Prejudice)Prejudice)达达西西拿拿起起一一本本书书来来。彬彬格格莱莱小小姐姐也也拿拿起起一一本书来本书来。( (蔡基刚蔡基刚,2003:10),2003:10)EllipsisEllipsisHe has no w
8、ork to do-tyrannical insects to obey. The earthworm has his digging; the bee her gathering and building; the spider her cunning network; the ant her treasury and accounts.它无所事事，因为它不受任何残暴的虫子的摆布。蚯蚓要挖土打动，蜜蜂要采蜜筑窝，蜘蛛要巧织迷网，蚂蚁要聚财盘宝。2)Reading make a full man; Conference a ready man; and writing an exact man
9、. (F.Bacon:Of Studies)读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。(王佐良译)4)4)夺夺取取这这个个胜胜利利，已已经经是是不不要要很很久久的的时时间间和和不不要要花花费费很很大大的的力力气气了了；巩巩固固这这个个胜胜利利，则则是是要要很长的时间和要花费很大的力气的事情。很长的时间和要花费很大的力气的事情。To To win win this this victory victory will will not not require require much much time time and and efforts, efforts, but but to to co
10、nsolidate consolidate it it will.will.ConjunctionConjunction他小的时候，他妈叫他去买红塘，他买了白糖回来。One day, when he was a child, his mother sent him out to buy her some brown sugar,but he returned with some white sugar instead.(张培基,2002:18)(Adversative)14)14)人人是是很很有有趣趣的的，往往往往在在接接触触一一个个人人时时首首先先看到的是他或她的优点。看到的是他或她的优点。
11、Human Human beings beings are are interesting interesting in in thatthat they they tend tend to to first first see see good good in in a a new new acquaintance.acquaintance.15)15)男男孩孩哭哭得得心心都都快快碎碎了了，当当问问及及他他时时，他他说说饿极了，有两天没吃了。饿极了，有两天没吃了。The The boy boy who who was was crying crying as as if if his his
12、 heart heart would would break, break, said, said, when when I I spoke spoke to to him, him, that that he he was was very very hungry hungry because because he he dad dad had no food for two days.had no food for two days.词汇衔接词汇衔接1.1.重复重复2.2.泛指词泛指词3.3.同义词同义词4.4.反义词反义词5.5.上下义关系上下义关系6.6.搭配搭配同义词同义词例一: （
13、中华民族洗雪了百年耻辱, 振奋了民族精神,）感到无比的骄傲和自豪。相对于英语而言, 在一般语篇中汉语的同义词并列现象比较多, 它们译成英语后往往只用一个词便可以表达意义译文: we are very proud of it.同样同样, , 单个英语单词也可以译成并列单个英语单词也可以译成并列的同义词来加强生动性。的同义词来加强生动性。例二: We must have this ambition.译文: 我们就是要有这个雄心壮志You You will will need need to to take take some some tools tools with with you; you;
14、 you you can can get get a a hammer, hammer, a a saw saw and and a a screwdriver screwdriver from from big big department stores.department stores.你得随身带上锤子、锯子和改锥你得随身带上锤子、锯子和改锥, , 这这些工具从百货商店就能买到。些工具从百货商店就能买到。上下义关系上下义关系虽虽然然中中国国妇妇女女在在平平等等方方面面取取得得了了巨巨大大的的进进步步, ,但但还还未未完完全全实实现现平平等等就就业业机会。机会。译译文文: : It It
15、is is t t rue rue that that Chinese Chinese women women have have made made enormous enormous strides strides toward toward equality. equality. But But the the goals goals of of equal equal opportunity opportunity of of employment employment for for women women have have not been fully realized.not
16、been fully realized.搭搭配配“实现平等就业机会”中文很通顺,但英文中没有这种搭配, 英语一般说“realize/ accomplish the goal/ aim”。因此注意搭配衔接手段的使用, 译成: “实现平等就业机会的目标”, 符合英语的表达。With With all all the the above above cohesive cohesive devices devices combined, combined, we we have have our our own own way way on on how how to to combine combi
17、ne two two sentences sentences or or several several segments segments together together in in C-E C-E translation. translation. Although Although it it cannot cannot apply apply on on all all occasions, occasions, we we do do find find it it very very helpful helpful in in guiding guiding translati
18、on practices.translation practices.Same subjectSame subject我我想想，富富人人们们大大概概过过不不惯惯冷冷清清的的郊郊野野的的冬冬天天，都集向热闹的城市里去了。都集向热闹的城市里去了。I I guess guess the the wealthy wealthy residents, residents, (who (who are) are) unaccustomed unaccustomed to to the the cold cold and and lonesome lonesome winter winter there,
19、there, must must have have swarmed swarmed into into the the bustling city.(bustling city.(中国翻译中国翻译) )Same predicateSame predicate：于于是是转转喜喜为为怒怒，转转赞赞美美为为责责备备，转转首首肯肯为为摇摇头头。(Repetition of verbs)(Repetition of verbs)Consequently, Consequently, your your over over joy joy would would give give way way to
20、 to anger; anger; your your praises praises would would to to criticism criticism or or even even fault-picking; fault-picking; and and your your nodding nodding in in agreement agreement to to shaking shaking the the head. head. (ellipsis)(ellipsis)( (中国翻译中国翻译) )我我们们坚坚信信社社会会主主义义是是有有伟伟大大的的前前途途，我我们们坚
21、坚信信我国亿万人民有伟大的前途。我国亿万人民有伟大的前途。(Repetition of verbs and same objects)(Repetition of verbs and same objects)We We believe believe that that socialism socialism has has a a bright bright future future and and so so do do our our hundreds hundreds of of millions millions of people. (Substitution)of peopl
22、e. (Substitution)Same objectSame object：Darcy Darcy took took up up a a book; book; Miss Miss BingleyBingley did did the same. (the same. (J.AustinJ.Austin: Pride and Prejudice): Pride and Prejudice)达达西西拿拿起起一一本本书书来来。彬彬格格莱莱小小姐姐也也拿拿起起一一本本书书来。来。( (蔡基刚蔡基刚,2003:10),2003:10)Same attributive：这是完全必要的和完全正义的，
23、全国人民已明白这是完全必要的和完全正义的，全国人民已明白这各种必要性正义性。这各种必要性正义性。(or:(or:这是完全必要的和完这是完全必要的和完全正义的，全国人民已明白这是完全必要的和完全正义的，全国人民已明白这是完全必要的和完全正义的全正义的) )。This is absolutely necessary and just, and This is absolutely necessary and just, and the entire people know that it is so.the entire people know that it is so.Same adverbi
24、alsSame adverbials一一个个春春天天的的傍傍晚晚，园园中中百百花花怒怒放放，父父母母在在园园中中设设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。One One spring spring evening, evening, myriads myriads of of flowers flowers were were in full bloom in the garden where myin full bloom in the garden where myparents parents held held a a party party in in honor
25、honor of of many many guests. guests. Their Their arrival arrival at at once once filled filled the the place with laughing chats.place with laughing chats.Using certain logical relationUsing certain logical relation冬冬天天，（因因为为）在在四四周周围围都都是是山山地地的的这这里里，（所所以以）看看见见太太阳阳的的日日子子真真实实太太少少了了。（但但是是）今今天天，难难得得雾雾是是
26、这这么么稀稀薄薄，空空中中融融融融地地混混合合着着金金黄黄的的阳阳光光，把把地地上上的一切，好像也照上一层欢笑的颜色。的一切，好像也照上一层欢笑的颜色。In In winter, winter, sunny sunny days days were were scarce scarce here, here, as as it it was was surrounded surrounded by by hills hills all all around. around. Today, Today, however, however, the the fog fog was was wond
27、erfully wonderfully thin thin and and the the air air was was filtered filtered through through with with golden golden sunlight sunlight that that tinted tinted everything everything on on the the ground ground with with a a joyful hue.(joyful hue.(中国翻译中国翻译) )（星星星星）也也不不过过只只是是星星星星点点点点闪闪烁烁的的光光明明，而而（我
28、我）相相看看惯惯了了（星星星星），（我我）偶偶然然不不见见（星星星星），（我我）也也有有些些想想望望与与无无聊聊。（冰冰心心: :雨雪时候的星辰）雨雪时候的星辰）Though Though they they were were a a mere mere sprinkle sprinkle of of twinkling twinkling dots, dots, yet yet I I had had become become accustomed accustomed to to them them that that their their occasional occasional absence absence would would bring bring me me loneliness loneliness and and ennui.(ennui.(张培基译张培基译) )
