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1、普通高等教育秘书学系列规划教材普通高等教育秘书学系列规划教材大连理工大学出版社秘秘 书书 英英 语语We can only accept L/CUnit 14Speaking ModuleListening ModuleReading ModuleWriting Module14.414.114.214.3Translating Module14.5Culture Module14.6Topic 1 Talking about terms of paymentHow many ways are there for a bank to transfer funds for its client
2、from home country to abroad? The methods of payment in international trade chiefly include remittance, collection and L/C.There are three basic ways of remittance. They are remittance by airmail (M/T), remittance by cable (T/T), and remittance by demand draft (D/D).There are two types of documentary
3、 collection. One is document against payment (D/P). The other is document against acceptance (D/A).There are a number of risks which may be incurred to the exporter.14.1 Sprsking ModuleTask One Warming-upDirection: Four or five students in a team make a group discussion and then make presentation wi
4、th the help of expressions given for reference.Right. Collection is a trade credit settlement. The bankers responsibility is only providing services of delivering documents and collecting payment. Whether the payment gets to be made or not depends on the buyers credit.I know that the L/C is used ver
5、y often because seller and buyer trust each other by L/C.Yes. A credit is a document which provides payment to a seller upon proof of the sellers compliance with requirements set forth by the document.So, what is your regular practice about terms of payment?We usually accept payment by irrevocable L
6、/C payable against shipping documents.14.1 Sprsking ModuleTask One Warming-upCould you make an exception, say, to accept D/P?May I ask it is possible to find alternate terms for our future business? What about documents against acceptance?Im sorry. We cant accept D/A terms. Payment by L/C is our met
7、hod of financing trade in such commodities.To be frank, D/A is impossible. But perhaps after more business together, we could agree to D/P terms.14.1 Sprsking ModuleTask One Warming-upTopic 2 Advantages and disadvantages of payment by L/CPayment by L/C is the safest payment term.Payment by L/C gives
8、 the exporter the additional protection of the bankers guarantee.Its reliable and safe for both importers and exporters because the issuing bank uses its own credit to guarantee the payment of orders.Opening an L/C causes many expenses.The procedure for opening an L/C is too complicated.The exporter
9、 has to pay a deposit to the bank, which adds more cost to the buyer.14.1 Sprsking ModuleTask One Warming-upOpening an L/C will tie up the exporters funds and increase his cost.Banks will charge service fee for issuing an L/C, therefore it adds more cost to the buyer.The costs involved with issuing,
10、 negotiating, and other fees (like amendments) can make L/C expensive.To open an L/C will add to the cost of our imports.An irrevocable L/C gives your exports the protection of a bankers guarantee.14.1 Sprsking ModuleTask One Warming-upA: Weve settled a lot of things such as price, packing and shipm
11、ent. Now, theres one question left to discuss, that is, terms of payment. We recommended the goods paid by D/A. What do you think of the terms of payment?B: To tell you the truth, D/A is impossible. Because youre a new customer, our company would take a great risk if we accepted your terms. Perhaps
12、after more business between us, we would consider payment made by collection. Now, to be on the safe side, we only accept payment by irrevocable letter of credit payable against shipping documents.14.1 Sprsking ModuleTask Two Pair WorkDirection: Work with your partner on the following conversation ,
13、 and use it as guide when making up your own conversation.A: Well, you know our order this time is very large. When I open the letter of credit with the bank, I have to pay a deposit and the bank charges. To open an L/C for such a large amount is costly, which will add to the cost of our imports. Co
14、uld you be a little more flexible and make some changes? I wonder if you could accept other kinds of payment such as D/P.B: Im afraid not. We regret to say that we cannot accept your proposal for changing in payment. Our usual practice is to accept payment by L/C only. An irrevocable L/C gives our e
15、xports the protection of a bankers guarantee and well get the right amount of money.A: Im sorry that you adhere to payment by L/C. For you, payment by L/C is the safest method, but for us, the point is that to open an L/C with a bank does mean additional expense.B: In fact, L/C is fair and beneficia
16、l to both the seller and the buyer. However, to help you get rid of difficulty, I would like to suggest that you reduce the order by half. Then you can go on placing the rest of the order.14.1 Sprsking ModuleTask Two Pair WorkA: Well, Ill consider it. (After calculating on the computer and thinking
17、about for some time) all right, Ill reduce the order by half. However, lets make a compromise about the terms of payment. Do you think you could accept a time L/C and allow us to delay payment, say, 60 days after sight?B: We usually demand payment by L/C available by draft at sight. Payment by sight
18、 L/C is quite usual in international trade. But to make a successful deal for this time and encourage more orders for the future, well consider your request.A: Thank you. You are of great help.B: Then lets arrange the details of payment. Could you send the L/C 30 days before shipment?A: No problem.
19、Ill arrange for the L/C to be opened in your favor as soon as I return. When will the goods be ready and the shipment made?B: According to the manufacturer, the goods will be ready by the end of May.14.1 Sprsking ModuleTask Two Pair WorkA: Since we are in urgent need of the goods and have to give ou
20、r clients a specific delivery date, is it possible to persuade your manufacturer for an earlier delivery, say, at the beginning of May?B: We wish to satisfy every request of our customers, especially a new one like you. But our manufacturer has a heavy backlog on hand.A: Well, then I hope that the g
21、oods can be dispatched promptly after you receive my L/C. The time between July and September is our busy seasons, therefore, we would very much appreciate it if youd ship the goods as soon as possible.B: You can rest assured of that. Well make the necessary preparations and effect the shipment in t
22、he prescribed time after we get the L/C.14.1 Sprsking ModuleTask Two Pair WorkA: Thatll be great. By the way, what about the term of validity?B: The L/C should be valid for 15 days after the date of shipment.A: Could you tell me what other documents will be provided?B: Besides the draft, well send y
23、ou a full set of bills of loading, an invoice, an insurance policy, a certificate of origin and a certificate of inspection.A: Thanks. I appreciate your cooperation.14.1 Sprsking ModuleTask Two Pair Work14.2 Listening ModuleTask One Initial StepDirection: You will hear five short recordings. Each re
24、cording is followed by three different statements decoding it. Choose the correct statement, and mark A, B or C for the correct choice.1A. The company has gone bankrupt.B. The bank has closed the companys account.C. The company is now in trouble of cash flow.2A. The two speakers are in good business
25、 relations.B. They havent made a deal before.C. Payment by L/C is not often used because of its inconvenience.14.2 Listening ModuleTask One Initial Step3 A. The man sticks to payment by L/C.B. They agree on payment by check.C. They agree on documentary draft at sight.4 A. They agree on payment by TT
26、.B. Its hard to accept the payment over 2 months.C. From the term of payment, we can see theyve reached a small deal.5 A. While placing the order, the buyer should make 10% payment.B. The remaining should be paid by cash.C. The remaining must be paid at one time.14.2 Listening ModuleTask Two Step Up
27、L/CLetter of Credit. One of the more common terms of payment is payment by Letter of Credit. The _(1) Letter of Credit is the most commonly used term of payment for imports. The exporter can be sure that he will be paid when he _(2) the goods and the importer has the proof that the goods have been d
28、ispatched according to his instructions.CWOCash with Order. This is uncommon since you are in effect extending _(3) to your supplier: in addition you run the risk that the goods will not be dispatched in accordance with the contract terms. Nevertheless, _(4) for partial advance payments in the form
29、of _(5) (normally between 10% and 20% of the contract price), or progress payments at various stages of manufacture (particularly for capital goods), is often included in the contract terms. The _(6) of the payment will usually be made up by one of the terms described in the following “Open Account”
30、.Direction: Fill in the blanks with the words, phrases or sentences youve heard.14.2 Listening ModuleTask Two Step UpOpen Account. This is a simple agreement whereby you agree to pay for the goods after you have received them, usually on a monthly basis. There are various ways in which you can send
31、money to your supplier under open account and he may wish to _(7) the terms to be used, for example: Check. Different banks have different methods and this could take as long as a month. For these reasons your supplier may not consider payment by check acceptable.Bankers draft. You send this direct
32、to your supplier who pays it into his bank account, at which time he will usually be given immediate credit.Telegraphic Transfer. This is the fastest method of sending money abroad but costs a little more than most other methods of _(8) funds.14.2 Listening ModuleTask Two Step UpInternational Paymen
33、t Order. You can arrange for your bank to instruct an overseas bank, by airmail, to make payment to your supplier. International Payment Orders may be slower than Telegraphic Transfers, but are slightly cheaper because there are no cable costs.International Money Order. You post the money order to y
34、our supplier and he receives immediate credit from his bank in the same way as with a draft. _(9).Documentary Bill of Exchange. This is a popular way of arranging payment and offers benefits for both you and your supplier. _(10). Your supplier has the advantage of knowing that legal procedures exist
35、 for recovering money owing against bills of exchange. 14.3 Reading ModuleTask One Vocabulary Study1. protocol A. an occurrence of improvement by virtue of preventing loss or injury or other change2. margin B. a written record of a treaty or agreement3.conservation C. a payment for consecutive issue
36、s of a newspaper or magazine for a given period of time4.subscription D. owed payment 5. receivable E. the net sales minus the cost of goods and services soldDirection: Scan the passage below and match the words and phrases with their definitions.14.3 Reading ModuleTask Two Reading Comprehension Ans
37、wering QuestionsDirection: Read the passage below again and answer the following questions.1. What is the difference between good companies and truly successful ones?2. According to the passage, what will lead to poor cash flow?3. Should we delay all non-discounted bills as long as possible?14.3 Rea
38、ding ModuleTask Two Reading Comprehension Answering Questions10 Ideas to Enhance Cash FlowManaging cash flow is what separates good companies from the truly successful ones. Indeed, your ability to monitor the cash flow of your business can be the vital difference between profit and loss. Here are 1
39、0 ideas to enhance cash flow:Assess your risk up frontWhen you do work without being paid up front, you are extending credit. Discuss your billing procedures with your customers up front. “We expect payment in 30 days. Is that a problem?” If it is, you need to know ahead of time and make an informed
40、 decision about whether you really want to loan your new customer money14.3 Reading ModuleTask Two Reading Comprehension Answering QuestionsBill immediatelyCustomers do not pay for what they have not yet been billed. Although many owners believe they have efficient billing procedures, our experience
41、 is that delayed billing is a primary cause of poor cash flow. You cannot bill soon enough!Bill thoroughlyConfusing bills provide your clients with an opportunity to delay paying you. Furthermore, be very specific about the payment terms and stick to them. If you expect payment in 30 days, say so; a
42、nd detail what happens if you are not paid. Do not fear losing business! If you are not now getting paid for work you have done, what is left to lose?14.3 Reading ModuleTask Two Reading Comprehension Answering QuestionsMake paying easierDo you accept credit cards? If not, it is time you evaluated th
43、is opportunity. Do you enclose a postage-paid return envelope with your bill to expedite payment? Have you considered offering discounts for prompt payment? When we work with clients, we look at every aspect of their billing process.Collect your billsReceivables are loans your company provides to yo
44、ur customers or clients. Unless you really want to be a banker, develop a protocol for your collection effort that begins the moment a bill leaves your company. History has demonstrated that the lack of a well-developed collection protocol is the primary cause of poor cash flow.14.3 Reading ModuleTa
45、sk Two Reading Comprehension Answering QuestionsCut unnecessary expensesReduce the cash that is going out. Carefully examine your fixed expenses. Look at your utility bills and implement a conservation program. Review your insurance premiums to be sure you are not over-insured. How many subscription
46、s and memberships are really needed?Time your payments carefullyReview all of your vendor bills to ensure that you are taking advantage of any discounts. Delay all non-discounted bills as long as possible.Put your cash to workFirst, make daily deposits! Second, make your deposits before the bank sto
47、ps its daily transactions. If your mail arrives late, get a post office box to speed up delivery. Finally, transfer idle cash into interests-bearing accounts. Even at 2% or 3%, this money adds up.14.3 Reading ModuleTask Two Reading Comprehension Answering QuestionsEvaluate your payment scheduleConsi
48、der changing your payroll form weekly to biweekly or monthly. Reducing the amount of payrolls, in turn, reduce payroll tax deposits. Consider payroll advances to help sway employee resistance.Plan aheadWithout exception, planning ahead is the most crucial aspect of cash flow management. Prepare a ca
49、sh flow budget based on last years history, and you can begin to develop a game plan. Talking to your banker before you need money will provide you a better working relationship and better rates.Cash flow management involves analyzing risks and requires both short-and long-term approaches. As a busi
50、ness owner, you know how crucial it is to maintain your profit margins. This guide was developing to assist you in ensuring that cash flow problems do not siphon off those profits unnecessarily. 14.3 Reading ModuleTask Two Reading ComprehensionAnswering QuestionsWord Bankcash flow n. 资金流monitor v. 监
51、测 extend v. 延长delay v. 耽搁；延误specific adj. 具体的stick to 坚持enclose v. 装入信封；附上expedite v. 加快receivable n. 应收账款 protocol n. 规程；规约conservation n. 节约；保护14.3 Reading ModuleTask Two Reading ComprehensionAnswering QuestionsWord Banksubscription n. 订阅transfer v. 转移；转入margin n. 差额；差数siphon v. 用吸管吸14.3 Reading M
52、oduleTask Three Reading ComprehensionUnderstanding DetailsDirection: Read the passage again and choose the correct answer to each question.1. What does the author mean by saying “whether you really want to loan your new customer money”? A. He means you should ask him to pay up front.B. He means that
53、 it is not necessary to discuss your billing procedures with your customers up front. C. He means that whether you really should do business with the new customer.D. He means that he doesnt need to know whether the customer can pay within a limited period or not. 14.3 Reading Module2. Why should you
54、 be very specific about the payment terms? A. Because you are afraid of losing business.B. Because the bills are usually long. C. Because the bills are difficult to understand. D. Because confusing bills provide your clients with an opportunity to delay paying you.3. What history has demonstrated? A
55、. Lack of a well-developed collection protocol is the primary cause of poor cash flow.B. Cash flow will affect the operation of a company. C. You should cut unnecessary expenses. D. You should implement a conservation program.Task Three Reading ComprehensionUnderstanding Details14.3 Reading Module4.
56、 What should you do with the idle cash? A. Give the employees to motivate them.B. Lend to your partners. C. Invest them. D. Put them into your bank accounts.5. What is the most crucial aspect of cash flow management? A. Gaining sufficient knowledge about finance.B. Attending a workshop. C. Learning
57、the cash flow tactics. D. Planning ahead.Task Three Reading ComprehensionUnderstanding Details14.4 Writing ModuleContract of SaleA contract of sale is a legal contract, goods, services or property to be exchanged from seller (or vendor) to buyer (or purchaser) for an agreed upon value in money (or m
58、oney equivalent) paid or the promise to pay the same. It is a specific type of legal contract. A seller agrees to sell and a buyer agrees to buy, under certain terms and conditions spelled out in writing in the document signed by both parties. An invoice, for example, is a contract of sale. A contra
59、ct of sale is also called agreement of sale, contract for sale, sale agreement, or sale contract.Normally speaking, a contract of sale should cover the following issues: general information about the commodity; packing; payment terms; insurance and shipment; all related documents; arbitration and so
60、 on.Task One Writing Guide14.4 Writing ModuleContract of SaleThis contract is made on this third day of October 19, 2012 by and between the Orient Construction Co., Ltd. as Seller and the Yee on Really Co., Ltd. as Buyer. Both Parties agree to the sale and purchase of the steel under the following t
61、erms and conditions.1. Commodity: steel2. Country of origin: China3. Quantity: 2000MT4. Brand: Moublex5. Contract price: $ 440,000 FOB: $470,006. Packing: to be well protected against moisture7. Payment terms: by a confirmed, irrevocable, divisible, transferable, and partial shipment not allowed, le
62、tter of credit without recourse in favor of the seller, L/C should be opened within 7 banking days by the Buyer after the contract is signed.Task Twe Writing Sample14.4 Writing Module8. Shipment: shipment shall be effected within 45 days from the date of the Sellers receipt of the Buyers Letter of C
63、redit. In the event of the Buyers vessel failing to arrive for loading, then the Seller shall have the right, as stipulated herein, to claim damages/losses not exceeding 3% of the L/C amount from the Buyer. The Buyer in this respect, shall furnish the Seller with the Bank Guarantee.9. Performance Gu
64、arantee: The Seller shall send a 3% deposit or Banks Guarantee to the Buyer within 14 banking days upon receipt of the Letter of Credit form the Buyer. If the Seller fails to carry out the contract, the performance guarantee will be forfeited to the Buyer.Task Twe Writing Sample14.4 Writing Module10
65、. Accompanying Documents:The Seller shall provide the Buyer with:Complete set of Clean Bills of LadingSigned Commercial Invoice in quadruplicateCertificate of Country of OriginPacking ListOther essential documents in respect of the export of the steel11. Shipment Advice:The Seller shall telex to the
66、 Buyer advising the loading conditions at least 14 days before the fixed loading time.The Buyer of this agent shall advice the Seller of the Vessels estimated time of arrival at the port of loading.Task Twe Writing Sample14.4 Writing Module12. Other Conditions:Inspection of quality, quantity and wei
67、ght can be carried out at the port of loading. If other related documents are needed, the formalities and consular charges incurred shall be borne by the Buyer.13. Force Majeure:If the implementation of contract of either Side is influenced by typhoons, earthquakes or other events considered by both
68、 Sides as FORCE MAJEURE, the postponement of implementation should be equal to the effective period of the said causes.Task Twe Writing Sample14.4 Writing Module14. Arbitration:All disputes in connection with the execution of this Contract shall be settled friendly through negotiation. In case no se
69、ttlement can be reached, the case then may be submitted for arbitration to the Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade in accordance with the Provisional Rules of Procedure promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission. The Arbitration committee shall be
70、 final and binding upon both parties. And the Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing parties.15. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have set their hand on the day and year first above written: Buyer:_ Seller:_ Witness:_ Witness: _ Date:_ Date:_Task Twe Writing Sample14.4 Writing ModuleTask
71、 Three Writing ExerciseDirection: Make a contract of sale based on the information given below.Packing: preventive from dampness, rust, moisture, erosion and shock; suitable for ocean transportation; the Seller is liable for anything wrong with packing; each package should have necessary information
72、 or notices stenciled on.Terms of payment: Letter of credit.Quality Guarantee: quality, specifications and quantity; guarantee period.Inspection: the Seller has the inspection firstly and provide the Inspection Certificate; and the Buyer has the re-inspection after arrival of shipment.Claim: the Buy
73、er may have claim against the Seller such as replacement of the goods.14.5 Translating Module1. revocable L/C / irrevocable L/C 2. confirmed L/C 3. sight L/C 4. usance L/C 5. transferable (assignable, transmissible) L/C 6. divisible L/C Task One Practical TranslationDirection: Translate the followin
74、g English expressions into Chinese.7. documentary L/C 8. clean L/C 9. Documents against Acceptance (D/A) 10. Documents against Payment (D/P) 11. Documents against Payment at Sight (D/P sight) 12. Documents against Payment after Sight (D/P sight)14.5 Translating ModuleTask Two Translation Appreciatio
75、nDirection: Match the following Chinese fashionable net-words with their correct English translation.1. kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 2. look for a needle in a haystack 3. like a rat in a hole 4. good conscience is a soft pillow 5. love me, love my dog 6. every dog has his day 7. burn one
76、s boats 8. walls have ears 9. go through fire and water 10. Man proposes, God disposes 11. fish in troubled waters 12. pour cold water over/on13. know something like the palm/back of ones hand 14.5 Translating ModuleTask Two Translation Appreciation14. constant dripping wears the stone 15. pour oil
77、on fire 16. a thorn in the flesh 17. facts speak louder than words 18. a flash in the pan (wok) 19. have one foot in the grave 20. at the end of ones rope 21. the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak 22. have an old head on young shoulders 23. birds of a feather flock together 24. have other fish
78、 to fry 25. have a bee in ones bonnet 26. hit the nail on the head27. put the cart before the horse28. have no reliance whatsoever with each other29. a bolt from the blue30. early birds get more worms14.6 Culture ModuleTask One Culture MattersDirection: Work with your partner, discuss the following
79、questions, and then read the passage about Intercultural Competence. After reading the passage, talk about the questions again.1. How to develop intercultural competence?2. How are the same behaviors and gestures interpreted differently in different cultures?3. In your opinion, is it OK to interrupt
80、 the professors speech when you have a question?14.6 Culture ModuleTask One Culture MattersIntercultural competence is the ability of successful communication with people of other cultures. A person who is interculturally competent captures and understands, in interaction with people from foreign cu
81、ltures, their specific concepts in perception, thinking, feeling and acting. Earlier experiences are considered, free from prejudices; there is an interest and motivation to continue learning.The development of intercultural competence is mostly based on experiences one comes across while communicat
82、ing with different cultures. While interacting with people from other cultures they face certain obstacles which are caused due to differences in the cultural understanding between the two people in question. Such experiences motivate people to work on skills that can help them put forward their poi
83、nt of view in front of an audience belonging to a completely different cultural ethnicity and background.14.6 Culture ModuleTask One Culture MattersTypical examples of cultural differencesBehavior and gestures are interpreted differently. For instance: Showing the thumb held upwards in certain parts
84、 of the world means “everythings ok”, while it is understood in some Islamic countries as a rude sexual sign. Additionally, the thumb is held up to signify “one” in France and certain other European countries, where the index finger is used to signify “one” in other cultures. In India and Indonesia,
85、 it is often regarded as wishing “all the best”. In India showing somebody the palm of your hand is regarded as a gesture of blessing the person, mostly done by elders. Most Hindu and Buddhist deities are depicted as showing the palm of their right hand, while in some east European countries it is c
86、onsidered a rude gesture. Similar is the use of the hand as a sign for someone to come. Bending the index finger with the palm facing up should be avoided in some cultures and replaced with a grasping hand motion with a downward or outward facing palm.14.6 Culture ModuleTask One Culture MattersIt is
87、 very common for heterosexual men in the Indian subcontinent and most parts of the Arab world to hug each other, sit with arms over the shoulder or walk while holding hands but it is regarded as homosexual behavior in the West and some Asian cultures such as China, Indonesia and Japan.In Indonesia,
88、and many Asian nations, girls and adult females will often hold hands and be quite “touchy-feely” with one another, even slapping one another on the bottom. This is considered locally as harmless sister-like platonic affection, but some outsiders may inaccurately perceive it as widespread lesbianism
89、.14.6 Culture ModuleTask One Culture MattersIn the Americas as well as in Arabic countries the pauses between words are usually not too long, while in India and Japan pauses can give a contradictory sense to the spoken words. Enduring silence is perceived as perfectly comfortable in India, Indonesia
90、 and Japan, to the point where being unnecessarily talkative is considered rude and a sign of poor self-control. To some in Europe, North America and Australia, however, it may feel as if a faux pas has been committed and thus cause insecurity and embarrassment. Scandinavians, by the standards of ot
91、her Western cultures, are more tolerant of silent breaks during conversations.In many cultures all over the world, avoiding eye contact or looking at the ground when talking to ones parents, an elder, or one of higher social status is a sign of respect. In contrast, such body language can be constru
92、ed as deception, boredom, disinterest or shame (on the part of the doer) in others. For example, an Anglo-European teacher may expect direct eye contact as a sign of paying attention, while an Asian or Navajo student will deliberately avoid it so as not to appear rude or confrontational. Unbroken ey
93、e contact is a common sign of aggression or dominance posturing among the animal kingdom, for example guard dogs.14.6 Culture ModuleTask One Culture MattersIn Persian and Pakistani cultures, if a person offers an item (i.e. a drink), it is customary not to instantly accept it. A sort of role play fo
94、rms with the person offering being refused several times out of politeness before their offering is accepted. This tradition is known as tarof (or taarof) or takaluf which in Persian literally means “offer”. A similar exchange happens in many countries, such as India and Indonesia, where especially
95、if visiting poorer people, it shows a form of empathy to deliberately not impose upon them. In many other cultures, it would be considered polite for the person offering to only ask once, so as to respect the other persons wish when the offer is declined.In African, South American and Mediterranean
96、cultures, talking and laughing loudly in the streets and public places is widely accepted, whereas in some Asian cultures it is considered rude and may be seen as a mark of self-centeredness or attention-seeking.14.6 Culture ModuleTask One Culture MattersArranged marriage is very common in the Middl
97、e East, India and Africa, while in some Asian and most Western cultures, the romantic marriage is idealized and the right to choose marital partners is valued. An arranged marriage is perceived correctly (if a forced marriage) or incorrectly as an infringement on this right, and therefore is viewed
98、unfavorably.It is common to see couples kissing, even quite passionately, in public in the Western countries but such an action may cause consternation, alarm or even legal action in African and a few Asian countries.In Christian and most Muslim weddings the bride wears white to symbolize her virgin
99、al purity, while in Hindu and Korean cultures white clothes are a symbol of sorrow and should be worn to mourn the dead.In Korea and most other Asian countries, in universities it is considered to be rude to interrupt the professor during the lecture whereas in Western countries it is considered goo
100、d to ask questions during a lecture if necessary.In Asian cultures, it is important to have a modest attitude, while in Western culture it is more important to express oneself.14.6 Culture ModuleTask Two Case StudyDirection: Read the case below, and discuss the following questions:1. Why did Cathy k
101、eep a smile before her boss Brown?2. What was Brown angry with?3. Why did Brown refuse to take Cathys apology?Brown is the general manager of an American company in China. Recently, Cathy Lee, the secretary to him made a mistake at work that required a lot of effort to fix. Cathy was very upset abou
102、t what happened, and came to Browns office to make a formal apology.14.6 Culture ModuleTask Two Case Study“Mr. Brown, Ive been feeling very upset about the trouble Ive caused to the company. Im here to apologize for my mistake. Im terribly sorry about it and I want you to know that it will never hap
103、pen again.” Cathy said, looking at Brown with the smile she had been wearing since she walked into the office. Brown found it hard to accept the apology. He looked at Cathy asking, “Are you sure?” “Yes, Im very sorry and I promise this wont happen again,” Cathy said, with a smile even broader than b
104、efore.“Im sorry I just cant take your apology. You dont look sorry at all!” Brown said angrily. Cathys face turned very red. She did not in the least expect Brown to take it negatively. She was desperate to make herself understood. “Mr. Brown, “she managed to smile again. “Trust me, no one can feel any sorrier than I do about it.” Brown was almost furious by now, “If youre that sorry, how can you still smile?”Cathy was shocked and stood there wordless and motionless.普通高等教育秘书学系列规划教材普通高等教育秘书学系列规划教材大连理工大学出版社Thank You!
