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1、Automotive Division Bearing Choices and Drawn Cup Advantages 轴承选用和冲压圈轴承优点轴承选用和冲压圈轴承优点Applications 应用应用Stress 应力应力Important Drawn Cup Characteristics 冲压圈的重要特性冲压圈的重要特性Bore Profile 孔轮廓孔轮廓AFOD Shape and Size 自由平均外径自由平均外径 外形和尺寸外形和尺寸Roller Relief 滚针卸荷滚针卸荷Bore Size Diametral Clearance and the Application 孔
2、尺寸孔尺寸 径向游隙和应用径向游隙和应用AGENDA 议程议程Automotive DivisionBASIC FUNCTION OF BEARINGS轴承的基本功能轴承的基本功能轴承的基本功能轴承的基本功能 The basic function of bearings is to support a load, while allowing motion to occur with reduced friction. 轴承的的基本功能是承受载荷,并在运动时降低磨擦力。Automotive DivisionBearing Choices Bearing Choices 轴承的选用轴承的选用轴承
3、的选用轴承的选用轴承的选用轴承的选用What bearing choices do customers have?客户如何选用轴承客户如何选用轴承?Ball Bearing球轴承球轴承Bore - 1.00”OD - 2.00”Width - .375”Capacity - 2500 lbfS10KBore - 1.00”OD - 1.50”Width - .750”Capacity - 3870 lbfHJ-162412Machine Race Bearing实体圈滚动轴承实体圈滚动轴承Bore - 1.00”OD - 1.25”Width - .750”Capacity - 2710 lb
4、fJ-1612Drawn Cup Bearing冲压圈轴承冲压圈轴承Bore - 1.00”OD - 1.25”Width - .750”Capacity - 7790 lbfLoose RollerComplement滚针组件滚针组件Automotive DivisionDrawn Cup Features 冲压圈轴承持性冲压圈轴承持性冲压圈轴承持性冲压圈轴承持性Advantages 优点Thin cross section 薄壁 Maximum load-carrying capability 最大的承载能力Minimum space required 最小的空间需要Installatio
5、n incorporating a press fit 过盈压配安装Full complement design for maximum capacity 满滚针设计提供了最大承载能力Caged design for higher speeds and lube retention 带保持持设计提供了高速和润滑持久More cost effective than any ground products 比磨加工产品成本低Size Range 尺寸范围Inch 英制: 孔 1/8 in. - 5-1/2 in. boreMetric 公制: 孔 3mm - 60mm boreAutomotive
6、 DivisionApplications 应用应用- Hydraulic Gear pumps 液压齿轮泵液压齿轮泵 (B-88, B-86)- Automatic Braking Systems 自动制动（刹车）系统自动制动（刹车）系统 (DBA-66406)- Automotive air conditioning compressors 汽车空调压缩机汽车空调压缩机 (DB-66391)- Power Tools 动力工具动力工具 (B-bearings)- Automatic transmissions 汽车变速箱汽车变速箱 (FJ-4516)- Starters & Alterna
7、tors 起动器及交流发电机起动器及交流发电机 (JTT-XXX, HK-0608E)- Steering column universal joints 转向柱万向节转向柱万向节(DD-64056, DB-59500-2)- Push rod engine Rocker arms Pushrod 发动机摇臂发动机摇臂 (CDCA-65291)- 18 Wheeler mileage counter 18 Wheeler 里程计数器里程计数器 (JP-23F)- Wheel Bearings 轮用轴承轮用轴承 (DB-67309)Automotive DivisionTransmissions
8、 变速箱变速箱变速箱变速箱Automatic Pump Shaft Support汽车泵轴支承Manual FWD手动前轮驱动Automotive DivisionABS Bearings ABS ABS 轴承轴承轴承轴承 Axial displacement of bearing is created by eccentrically ground shaft of electric motorAxial displacement of bearing is created by eccentrically ground shaft of electric motor电机马达转动轴的偏心部分
9、造成轴承的径向位移电机马达转动轴的偏心部分造成轴承的径向位移电机马达转动轴的偏心部分造成轴承的径向位移电机马达转动轴的偏心部分造成轴承的径向位移 Pump pistons are in contact with OD of cup Pump pistons are in contact with OD of cup 汽缸活塞与轴承外径相连接汽缸活塞与轴承外径相连接汽缸活塞与轴承外径相连接汽缸活塞与轴承外径相连接Automotive DivisionRocker Arms 摇臂摇臂摇臂摇臂Automotive DivisionWhat Key Features Make a Bearing Ab
10、le to Sustain Loading?What Key Features Make a Bearing Able to Sustain Loading? 使轴承承受载荷的关键特性使轴承承受载荷的关键特性使轴承承受载荷的关键特性使轴承承受载荷的关键特性? ? Ability to support load is based on 承受载荷的能力基于承受载荷的能力基于:Contact Surface area / Stress 接触表面积接触表面积/应力应力nBore Profile 孔轮廓孔轮廓nRoller Profile 滚子轮廓滚子轮廓nRoller/Bore Roundness 孔
11、孔/滚子圆度滚子圆度Hardness of Load Bearing Components 轴承零件承载的硬度轴承零件承载的硬度nShaft 轴轴nRollers 滚子滚子nCup 冲压圈冲压圈nHousing 座座 Housing Press Fit & Sizing / Rounding of Bearing 壳体压配合及轴承的尺寸壳体压配合及轴承的尺寸/圆度圆度Automotive DivisionStress & Surface Area 表面及表面应力表面及表面应力Stress 应力应力 =Force 压力压力Area 面积面积 =Bearing Load 轴承载荷轴承载荷Beari
12、ng Surface Area 轴承承载面积轴承承载面积The Lower the Bearing Surface area the Higher The stress. 轴承承载表面积越小表面应力越高。轴承承载表面积越小表面应力越高。The Higher the Stress, the Lower the Life应力越高，寿命越低。应力越高，寿命越低。Bore Profile and Roller Profile are Key Product Characteristics Which Have a Direct Effect on Bearing Surface Area and th
13、e Resulting Stress孔和滚子的轮廓是直接影响表面积和应力的关键产品特性。孔和滚子的轮廓是直接影响表面积和应力的关键产品特性。Automotive DivisionAutomotive DivisionAutomotive DivisionAutomotive DivisionTarget Bore Profile 理想孔的轮廓理想孔的轮廓Bearing raceways should be flat to convex (crowned) After curling 在弯边后轴承滚道应当平直或凸起在弯边后轴承滚道应当平直或凸起-Concavity should be avoid
14、ed 避免凹面避免凹面Cup RacewaysAutomotive DivisionConditions of Maximum Conditions of Maximum DiametralDiametral Clearance Clearance 最大径向游隙的条件最大径向游隙的条件最大径向游隙的条件最大径向游隙的条件max DC = max installed bearing bore - min shaftmax DC = max installed bearing bore - min shaft max installed bearing bore = max bore in a r
15、ing max installed bearing bore = max bore in a ring + (max housing bore - ring) + (max housing bore - ring)max DC = max bore in a ring + (max housing bore - ring) - min shaftmax DC = max bore in a ring + (max housing bore - ring) - min shaftExample: B-910Example: B-910From the Catalog: Shaft = .5625
16、” / .5620”From the Catalog: Shaft = .5625” / .5620” Housing = .7505” / .7495” Housing = .7505” / .7495” Ring Gage = .7505” Ring Gage = .7505” Bore in a Ring = .5649” / .5640” Bore in a Ring = .5649” / .5640”max DC = .5649” + (.7505” - .7505”) - .5620” = .0029”max DC = .5649” + (.7505” - .7505”) - .5
17、620” = .0029”*max DC occurs when the bearing is in the max housing*max DC occurs when the bearing is in the max housing 轴承座孔最大时出现最大径向游隙轴承座孔最大时出现最大径向游隙轴承座孔最大时出现最大径向游隙轴承座孔最大时出现最大径向游隙Automotive DivisionConditions of Minimum Conditions of Minimum DiametralDiametral Clearance Clearance 最小径向游隙的条件最小径向游隙的条件
18、最小径向游隙的条件最小径向游隙的条件min DC = min installed bearing bore - max shaftmin DC = min installed bearing bore - max shaft min installed bearing bore = min bore in a ring min installed bearing bore = min bore in a ring + (min housing bore - ring) + (min housing bore - ring)min DC = min bore in a ring + (min h
19、ousing bore - ring) - max shaftmin DC = min bore in a ring + (min housing bore - ring) - max shaftExample: B-910Example: B-910From the Catalog: Shaft = .5625” / .5620”From the Catalog: Shaft = .5625” / .5620” Housing = .7505” / .7495” Housing = .7505” / .7495” Ring Gage = .7505” Ring Gage = .7505” B
20、ore in a Ring = .5649” / .5640” Bore in a Ring = .5649” / .5640”min DC = .5640” + (.7495” - .7505”) - .5625” = .0005”min DC = .5640” + (.7495” - .7505”) - .5625” = .0005”*min DC occurs when the bearing is in the min housing*min DC occurs when the bearing is in the min housing 轴承座孔最小时出现最小径向游隙轴承座孔最小时出
21、现最小径向游隙轴承座孔最小时出现最小径向游隙轴承座孔最小时出现最小径向游隙Automotive DivisionLoad Centered Over Bearing 向心负载向心负载“0” SLOPE “0”倾斜倾斜Application Loading & Slope应用负载和倾斜GearBearingShaftShaftLoad Off Center Away from Bearing 偏心偏心负载负载Slope Condition 倾斜条件倾斜条件- Housing & Shaft are not Aligned 座和心轴不对正座和心轴不对正- Need for Relief on Ro
22、llers to avoid high stress & early failure 带卸荷滚针避免早期失效带卸荷滚针避免早期失效Automotive DivisionBearing Hardness 轴承硬度轴承硬度- Cups are case hardened 冲压圈表层硬化冲压圈表层硬化- Typical Cup “A” wall 典型冲压圈典型冲压圈“A”型壁型壁61 HRc Min Surface Hardness表面硬度最小表面硬度最小61HRc20 -40 HRc Core Hardness心部硬度心部硬度20-40HRcDepth to 50 HRc point define
23、s Case Depth 到到HRc50点的深度定义为硬化层（渗碳层）深度点的深度定义为硬化层（渗碳层）深度(Approximately .004” min)（约约0.1mm）Automotive DivisionHardness Profile - Cup Cross-Section 硬度轮廓硬度轮廓-冲压圈截面冲压圈截面Depth to 50 HRC defines Case Depth 到到HRc50点的深度定义为硬化层点的深度定义为硬化层（渗碳层）深度（渗碳层）深度.030”“A” wall61 HRC50 HRC20 HRCHARDNESSAutomotive DivisionHar
24、dness & Strength Curve 硬度及应力曲线硬度及应力曲线 - Used to evaluate hardness profiles & Customer applications 常用于评估硬常用于评估硬度轮廓及客户应用度轮廓及客户应用Automotive DivisionLIFE VS HARDNESS 寿命对硬度% LifeRetainedHardnessHRCLIFE ADJUSTMENT FACTORS寿命校对因素寿命校对因素Automotive DivisionHousing Press Fit & Bearing Sizing 压配合及轴承尺寸压配合及轴承尺寸St
25、andard Catalog Bearings are designed with different ranges of interference or press fit. 标准轴承有不同的过盈或压配合标准轴承有不同的过盈或压配合 Small ( .500” O.D. ) = .0005” - .002” Medium = .0008” - .0028” Large = .0012” - 0044”* These interferences are the difference between the bearing Average Free O.D. Hard and the catal
26、og housing diameter. 过盈干涉是轴承（硬圈的）平均自由外径和标准座直径之过盈干涉是轴承（硬圈的）平均自由外径和标准座直径之差差Bearings are out of round and depend on the housing & press fit to Round the bearing up, Hold the bearing in the housing, & Size the bearing down. 轴承不圆，靠座孔及压配合整圆和夹持轴承，轴承尺寸减小。轴承不圆，靠座孔及压配合整圆和夹持轴承，轴承尺寸减小。Automotive DivisionAFOD TA
27、PER 平均自由外径锥度平均自由外径锥度Lack of Interference can come from: 过盈不足可能是由于过盈不足可能是由于 - O.D. taper 外径锥度外径锥度 - O.D. Hard Undersize （硬圈）外径偏小硬圈）外径偏小 - Bulge Curl 弯边突起弯边突起 This Can lead to: 可能会导致：可能会导致： - Bearings walking in housing 轴承轴承在座里滑动在座里滑动 - Bearing not rounding up 轴承不圆轴承不圆 - Early failure at Customer 早期失效
28、早期失效Automotive DivisionCustomers Housing & Shaft 客户的座和心轴客户的座和心轴The Customers Housing & Shaft play a major Role in the function of our Bearings. 客户的座和心轴在轴承功能上扮演着重要角色客户的座和心轴在轴承功能上扮演着重要角色Bearing Takes the Shape of the Housing 轴承复制轴承复制座孔的外形座孔的外形Housing must carry the load without deforming or cracking 座
29、必须不因承受载荷而发生变形或破裂座必须不因承受载荷而发生变形或破裂The shaft has the highest stress & should have an equal or greater hardness and structure 心轴承心轴承受高的压力，应当有相当的或更高的硬度或组织结构受高的压力，应当有相当的或更高的硬度或组织结构Most problems seen at the customer result from installation damage or improper installation. 在顾客那里看到的多数问题是安装损坏或由不正确安装产生在顾客那里看
30、到的多数问题是安装损坏或由不正确安装产生No lead in on Housing or shaft 座和轴无引导座和轴无引导安装安装Incorrect installation tools or techniques 不正确的安装工具和方法不正确的安装工具和方法Automotive DivisionManufacturing 制造制造Need to Continue to Improve & Understand our Processes必须持续改善和了解我们的工艺必须持续改善和了解我们的工艺Hard Average Free O.D. & O.D. taper to ensure a p
31、ress fit at the customer - (customers monitor press force).平均自由外径及外径锥度确平均自由外径及外径锥度确保客户的压配合（客户压配力检测器）保客户的压配合（客户压配力检测器）Raceway shape to ensure we have the most contact surface - can support the greatest loads. 滚道轮廓确保轴承具有最大的接触面积滚道轮廓确保轴承具有最大的接触面积-能能承受承受最最大的载荷大的载荷Roller geometry to ensure roundness and n
32、o high ends. 滚子几何外滚子几何外形确保圆度及无端部突起形确保圆度及无端部突起Cleanliness for smooth (silky) spinning of our bearings and appearance. 清洁有助于轴承平稳运行和外观清洁有助于轴承平稳运行和外观Heat treat for load carrying capability, life & roundness. 热处理影响热处理影响承载能力，寿命和圆度承载能力，寿命和圆度Assembly, Gaging, Quality, Grease & pack, etc. 装配，规检，质量，注装配，规检，质量，
33、注脂和包装等脂和包装等Automotive DivisionContour Bearing 轮廓适应的轴承轮廓适应的轴承Applications with slope or misalignment 倾斜应用倾斜应用Roller has relief 滚子带卸荷滚子带卸荷High stress due to small contact area 高应力源于小接触面积高应力源于小接触面积Roller has little or No relief 无卸荷及小卸荷滚子无卸荷及小卸荷滚子Contact area on cup is the same 与圈接触面积不变与圈接触面积不变Shaft contact area is larger 与轴接触面积增加与轴接触面积增加
