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1、第一第一讲行政学之研行政学之研讨The Study of Administration伍德伍德罗罗威威尔尔逊逊Woodrow WilsonI. An introduction of Woodrow Wilson Thomas Woodrow Wilson(1856-1924):The son of a priests family in Virginia. In 1883, Wilson entered Johns Hopkins University, and get history and political science phd 3 years later. 1. A Scholar
2、Academic research in Bryn Mawr Institute ( 1885-1888 ) and Wesley University ( 1888-1890 ) .Law and political economics professor in Princeton University(1890-1910).President of Princeton University(1902-1910)Congressional Government: A Study in American Politics(Doctoral Dissertation)Princeton in t
3、he Nations Service and in the Service of All Nations.(School running concept)Turn the man who can only do homework foolishly to a man who can think problems.The academic department system and A core requirement system.2. A PoliticianThe governor of New Jersey(1910-1912)The president of the United St
4、ates of America(1912-1920).One of the big three in Paris peace conference(1918).Compress the power of Wall Street bankers Strengthening the system of racial segregationIsolationism and PacifismNational self-determinationFourteen point peace principleII. The status of the essay1. The beginning study
5、of public administration.2. Analyzed the necessity of researching on administrative management and building the subject of administration deeply.3. Introduced the nature of administrative problem and the object to study, proposed the research tasks and goals of the subjects.4. Described a number of
6、specific issues such as personnel management, administrative supervision, administrative ethics, administrative decentralization5. Filed the method and path to study administration.III. The necessity to study administration1. Industrialization and market economy made it more and more complex to mana
7、gement the society.uCorporations had no bodies to be kicked and no souls to be damned.uThe perennial discords between master and workmen which now so often disturb industrial society began before the Black Death and the Statute of Laborers; but never before our own day did they assume such ominous p
8、roportions as they wear now.uIn brief, if difficulties of governmental action are to be seen gathering in other centuries, they are to be seen culminating in our own.QuestionslAre there public administration in ancient society?lIf there are, how ancient people to carry out public administration?2. C
9、ontent and methods of administration have also changed. Nowadays, Administrative tasks have to be so studiously and systematically adjusted to carefully tested standards of policy.There is scarcely a single duty of government which was once simple which is not now complex; government once had but a
10、few masters; it now has scores of masters. Majorities formerly only underwent government; they now conduct government. Where government once might follow the whims of a court, it must now follow the views of a nation.the functions of government are everyday becoming more complex and difficult, they
11、are also vastly multiplying in number.Questionslwhat is the standard that determine which functions the government should undertake? lIs it better for the government to undertake more functions or less?3.The reason why there should be a science of administrationTo seek to straighten the paths of gov
12、ernmentTo make its business less unbusinesslikeTo strengthen and purify its organizationTo crown its duties with dutifulness.4.The problems in US governmentGovernment with us has expanded in nature and grown great in stature, but has also become awkward in movement. The vigor and increase of its lif
13、e has been altogether out of proportion to its skill in living. It has gained strength, but it has not acquired deportment.IV. The basis of administrative studiesWhere administration has been most studied and most nearly perfected. Frederic the Great, began to organize the public service of Prussia
14、as in very earnest a1.Administration in Prussiaservice of the public. His son, Frederic William III, advanced the work still further. 2.Administration in FrenchModern French administration, with its symmetrical divisions of territory and its orderly gradations of office. The revolution heralded a pe
15、riod of constitutional development. Napoleon succeeded the monarchs of France, to exercise a power as unrestricted as they had ever possessed.2.Administration in UK The English race, consequently, has long and successfully studied the art of curbing executive power to the constant neglect of the art
16、 of perfecting executive methods. It has exercised itself much more in controlling than in energizing government. English and American political history has been a history, not of administrative development, but of legislative oversight,-not of progress in governmental organization, but of advance i
17、n law-making and political criticism. QuestionslWhat is the core issues of traditional Chinese political thought?lWhy did Chinas authoritarian system can be sustained for so long? lDoes it something relation to the lack of administration study in China?V. The relationship between political and publi
18、c administrationnThe field of administration is a field of business. It is removed from the hurry and strife of politics.nAdministrative questions are not political questions. Although politics sets the tasks for administration.nPolitics is state activity in things great and universal, while adminis
19、tration, on the other hand, is the activity of the state in individual and small things. Politics is thus the special province of the statesman, administration of the technical official. Policy does nothing without the aid of administration; but administration is not therefore politics.QuestionslCan
20、 administrative affairs be distinguished clearly from political affairs?lShould the activities of administrative officials be different from politicians? lHow do you view Chinas current administration officials and politicians?V. Research methods of administration1. Comparative analysisGovernmental organizations have similarities in structure.For all government alike, the legitimate ends of administration are the same.2. Practice validationThe public policies in USFederalism and local self-government inUS
