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1、2016高考高考导航航适用于全国卷适用于全国卷专题七专题七 书面表达书面表达年份年份文体文体话题题型型考情分析考情分析2015全全国卷国卷书信信写信写信约稿稿，介介绍美国美国节日日风俗和中俗和中学生生活学生生活要点提要点提示示近几年高考中近几年高考中，书面表面表达达题的考的考查特点特点为：(1)体裁体裁稳定性定性强强：应用文用文占据占据绝对主主导地位；地位；(2)话题微型化微型化强强：与考生：与考生日常生活日常生活紧密相关；密相关；(3)情景真情景真实性性强强：突出考：突出考查考生考生实际运用运用语言的言的能力；能力；(4)自由开放性自由开放性强强：试题给予考生自由予考生自由发挥的空的空间。2
2、014全全国卷国卷书信信给英国的一英国的一所学校写一所学校写一封信封信图表提表提示示2013全全国卷国卷书信信给笔友写一笔友写一封信封信请求求对方帮忙方帮忙要点提要点提示示1“五档五档”作文在眼里作文在眼里抓抓标准准(1)完成了完成了试题规定的任定的任务；(2)覆盖了所有内容要点；覆盖了所有内容要点；(3)应用了用了较多的多的语法法结构和构和词汇；(4)具具备了了较强强的的语言运用能力；言运用能力；(5)有效地使用了有效地使用了语句句间的的连接成分，使全文接成分，使全文结构构紧凑；凑；(6)完全达到了完全达到了预期的写作目的。期的写作目的。2“五档五档”标准如何抓准如何抓(1)抓抓“应用了用了
3、较多的多的词汇”解解读：词性多性多样、词汇高高级、短、短语丰富。丰富。(2)抓抓“应用了用了较多的多的语法法结构构”解解读：感：感叹句、倒装句、复合句、句、倒装句、复合句、强强调句、非句、非谓语动词结构、构、with复合复合结构等。构等。(3)抓抓“有效使用有效使用连接成分接成分”解解读：段与段、句与句之：段与段、句与句之间明晰的、合乎明晰的、合乎逻辑的的顺序序组织与与安排，做到文意与安排，做到文意与结构上构上层次分明、条理清楚。次分明、条理清楚。(4)抓抓“完成完成规定的任定的任务”解解读：对于于题干、要点提示、注意事干、要点提示、注意事项以及参考以及参考词汇要做到要做到读题全面，只有全面，
4、只有这样才能确保完成才能确保完成规定任定任务。1力保力保审题过程要程要“全全”审题五方面五方面:审题是高考是高考书面表达的关面表达的关键第一步第一步,确保确保审题“全全而不漏而不漏”是得高分的基本保是得高分的基本保证。审题要注意以下五个方面要注意以下五个方面:(1)审文体文体考生首先要根据情景提示弄清要求写哪种体裁的文章，是考生首先要根据情景提示弄清要求写哪种体裁的文章，是记叙文、叙文、说明文、明文、应用文，用文，还是是议论文。文。动笔之前笔之前认真真审题并并确定写作体裁是至关重要的。确定写作体裁是至关重要的。(3)审人称人称审人称，即弄清人称，即弄清书面表达要求用哪种人称写作。其中有主要面表
5、达要求用哪种人称写作。其中有主要人称和次要人称，人称和次要人称，这一点要引起考生足一点要引起考生足够的重的重视，因，因为倘若倘若人称不人称不对，评卷卷时阅卷老卷老师就会扣掉相就会扣掉相应的分数。的分数。(4)审时态审时态，即根据所，即根据所给材料信息确定短文的基本材料信息确定短文的基本时态。考生一。考生一定要重定要重视时态，因，因为如果如果时态方面的方面的错误过多，多，评卷卷时阅卷卷老老师就会扣除就会扣除35分。分。(5)审要点要点表达出全部要点是得分的基本保表达出全部要点是得分的基本保证，如果漏掉要点，如果漏掉要点,得分档次得分档次就会被降低，因此考生要就会被降低，因此考生要细审题,定要点定
6、要点,巧构思，列提巧构思，列提纲。(2)精准精准规避三避三类错误错在各在各类词汇A拼写拼写错误a误：We got struck in the traffic jam so we were late for the meeting.改正：改正：struck改改为stuckB变化化错误b误：People throwed cans，paper，bags and so on into the river water.改正：改正：throwed改改为threwc误：The book presents us a lot of useful informations.改正：改正：informations改改
7、为informationC词性性错误d误：During my summer vacation，I spent half a month in the country and played very happy.改正：改正：happy改改为happilye误：Doing a parttime job always effects study.改正：改正：effects改改为affects错在在语法法结构构A时态错误a误：In the morning，we had bicycled in the suburbs to plant trees.改正：改正：had_bicycled改改为bicycle
8、dB语态错误b误：Children who raise in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years.改正：改正：raise改改为are raisedC主主谓一致一致错误c误：My hobby is widespread，which include drawing，collecting stamps and so on.改正：改正：include改改为includesD比比较级使用使用错误d误：With the development of transportati
9、on，the world seems to be getting more and more smaller.改正：改正：more and more smaller改改为smaller and smallerE非非谓语动词使用使用错误e误：Comparing with other countries，the country pays little attention to the pollution.改正：改正：Comparing改改为ComparedF平行平行错误f误：Then I put my book under my desk，opening it and started lookin
10、g for the answer.改正：改正：opening改改为opened错在在汉式思式思维A纯汉语式思式思维和和汉语式式语序序a误：At this school studying，I really very happy.改正：改正：Studying in this school，I am really happy.B句子成分残缺句子成分残缺b误：There are many students dont support the project.改正：改正：There are many students who dont support the project.c误：On the other
11、 hand，dogs are our best friends，bring us a lot of fun.改正：改正：On the other hand，dogs are our best friends，which bring us a lot of fun.C句子成分句子成分赘余余d误：On one day，he went to the cinema.改正：改正：One day，he went to the cinema.1运用三大原运用三大原则，体体现美不美不胜收收(1)新新颖性原性原则写作写作时恰当得体地使用高中学恰当得体地使用高中学过的，的，别人可能想不到的人可能想不到的词汇，会，
12、会给阅卷人耳目一新的感卷人耳目一新的感觉。但是需注意：既要避免使。但是需注意：既要避免使用俗用俗词，又要避开冷僻，又要避开冷僻词汇。(2014高考江西卷高考江西卷)In the coming three years，our school life will be difficult.In the coming three years，our school life will be challenging.(2)短短语优先原先原则多使用多使用词组、习语来代替一些来代替一些单词，以增加文采。，以增加文采。(2014高考江西卷高考江西卷)Developing a good habit is also
13、 important.Developing a good habit is also of importance.(3)避免重复原避免重复原则尽量避免尽量避免过多地使用某一个多地使用某一个单词，必要，必要时选择使用其他恰当使用其他恰当的同的同义词或或词组来代替。来代替。I like reading while my brother likes watching football matches.I like reading while my brother enjoys watching football matches.2频变句型句型结构构，增加得分亮点增加得分亮点(1)肯定不如双否好肯定不
14、如双否好对于考生来于考生来说，只要稍加注意，在文章中运用双重否定的句，只要稍加注意，在文章中运用双重否定的句子可以子可以给自己的自己的书面表达加分。面表达加分。(2014高考重高考重庆卷卷)We can imagine what life would be like with phones.We cant imagine what life would be like without phones.(2)陈述不如倒装妙述不如倒装妙倒装是一种最倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法，它能使文亮点的方法，它能使文章内容突出，富有章内容突出，富有节奏。奏。The library l
15、ies in the center of our school.The library is between the garden and the teaching building.In the center of our school lies the library，which is between the garden and the teaching building.(2014高考福建卷高考福建卷)I was so excited that I couldnt wait to try my hand at riding it.So excited was I that I coul
16、dnt wait to try my hand at riding it.(3)主主动不如被不如被动巧巧使用被使用被动语态符合英符合英语的的习惯,如果如果书面表达中有一两个被面表达中有一两个被动语态句子，就会呈句子，就会呈现出句型的出句型的变化化,使整篇文章句型丰富。使整篇文章句型丰富。One day，when we learned the new word “eccentric” in class，the teacher asked us to make a sentence with it.One day，when we learned the new word “eccentric” i
17、n class，we were asked to make a sentence with it.(4)简单不如并列、复合不如并列、复合强强有有时为了使句子了使句子连贯性更性更强强，表达更，表达更贴切、自然，我切、自然，我们在两在两个或多个个或多个简单句之句之间加上加上and，for，or，not only.but also等等连词，使其成，使其成为并列句；有并列句；有时根据上下句之根据上下句之间的关系，在两的关系，在两个或多个个或多个简单句之句之间加上加上when，as，where，because等从属等从属连词，使，使简单句句变成复合句。成复合句。(2015高考安徽卷高考安徽卷)I wou
18、ld really like to interview him.He is the first Chinese to go to space.He is one of the greatest astronauts in the world.I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.(5)非非谓语动词不能少不能少非非谓语动词包括包括动词不定式、不定
19、式、动名名词和分和分词三种。巧用非三种。巧用非谓语动词，使，使书面表达句式丰富多彩，增加高分亮点。面表达句式丰富多彩，增加高分亮点。(2015高考福建卷高考福建卷)In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes.He is sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on
20、 it.He is going to write a book.The book is based on this experience.He is going to write a book based on this experience.(6)篇章篇章结构巧构巧连贯在英在英语写作中，要做到篇章写作中，要做到篇章结构构连贯，除在内容的，除在内容的组织安排安排上要注意前后的上要注意前后的逻辑关系外，有关系外，有时还需要恰当使用能承上启需要恰当使用能承上启下的关下的关联词语。(2015高考北京卷高考北京卷)First，he showed us the basic steps and skill
21、s of making dough figurines.We stood around him and watched attentively.Then we started to have a try ourselves.The old man walked around and helped us patiently.Finally，we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman.1“起起”好开好开头(1)常用开常用开头词汇First，I think everyone ne
22、eds friends and is eager to get friendship.Nowadays/Recently，people in many big cities are complaining about the heavy traffic.To begin with，smoking should be banned in public areas.Generally speaking，the more you practice，the more skillfully you can write in English.(2)常用开常用开头句式句式As the proverb say
23、s/As the saying goes，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”As can be seen from the table，nearly everyone owns one mobile phone in China.There is no denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.It is well known that an elephant is a very kind and gentle animal.Im excited to learn
24、 that we are going to start a magazine.(3)满分作文分作文选粹粹(2015高考湖南卷高考湖南卷)As a student，I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.(2014高考天津卷高考天津卷)Im glad to hear that you will come to our school as an exchange student.(2014高考湖南卷高考湖南卷)As is known to al
25、l, shoes play an important role in our life，for it can protect our feet from being hurt.2“承承”好上下好上下(1)常用常用顺承承词汇Secondly，we should get up early to memorize idioms and useful expressions.Obviously，a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.Whats more，good books can help us
26、 to develop good characters.I lost my way in the forest and to make matters worse/what is worse，it became dark.In addition，we shouldnt neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.Meanwhile/At the same time，I will regard it as my duty to keep our environment clean.(2)常用常用顺承句式承句式Take B
27、eijing for example，it is one of the oldest cities in the world.What is more serious is that we dont cherish wildlife.As far as I am concerned，they stand for love，friendship and unity.(3)满分作文分作文选粹粹(2015高考高考陕西卷西卷)Besides，I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my Englis
28、h teacher.(2014高考重高考重庆卷卷)Moreover，it seems that he always thinks more of himself than of others.(2015高考江高考江苏卷卷)Whats worse，some drivers.do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.3“转”好好过渡渡(1)常用常用转折折过渡渡词汇But unfortunately，I mind my own business without considering my parents.However，not until the ma
29、tch was over did we realize that we became the losers.On the other hand，online shopping also has many disadvantages.On the contrary，the volunteers always claim that they are tired of the life on earth.Contrary to what I had originally said，the trip turned out to be fun.(2)满分作文分作文选粹粹(2014高考湖南卷高考湖南卷)H
30、owever，what amazes you most is the following new function.(2014高考北京卷高考北京卷)But now，because my left foot was injured，I cannot go with you as planned.4“合合”好好结尾尾(1)常用常用结尾尾词汇All in all，traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges.In conclusion，a good citizen sho
31、uld observe traffic regulations.In a word，success is important，and so is failure，because its the mother of success.To sum up，environmental protection is of great importance，which can make us live more comfortably and healthily.On the whole，I find a bike more enjoyable than a motorcycle.(2)常用常用结尾句式尾句
32、式Id appreciate it if you could deliver them as soon as possible.It is high time that we did something to prevent the environment from being polluted.Only with combined efforts can we expect our hometown to take on a new look in the near future.We can，therefore，come to the conclusion that nothing is
33、so precious as peace in the world.Im sure that I still have a long way to go to achieve my dream.No matter how difficult it is, I will have it come true.(3)满分作文分作文选粹粹(2014高考江高考江苏卷卷)In short，not only has the inclusion poisoned Chinese，it may also bring about distance between the Chinese people.(2014高
34、考全国卷高考全国卷)In a word，my life will be much richer and more colorful.(2014高考浙江卷高考浙江卷)Ill be glad if you can consider my recommendation.A(2015高考全国卷高考全国卷)假定你是李假定你是李华，你校英文，你校英文报“外国文外国文化化”栏目目拟刊登介刊登介绍美国美国节日日风俗和中学生生活的短文。俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：稿，要点如下：1栏目介目介绍；2稿件内容；稿件内容；3稿件稿件长度：度：约400词；4交稿日期：交稿日期
35、：6月月28日前。日前。注意：注意：1.词数数100左右。左右。2可以适当增加可以适当增加细节，以使行文，以使行文连贯；3开开头语已已为你写好。你写好。Dear Peter，Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper._审题谋篇篇1审文体：文体：应用文，属于提用文，属于提纲式作文式作文2审格式：格式：书信信3审人称：以第三人称人称：以第三人称为主，第二人称主，第二人称为辅4审时态：一般：一般现在在时5审要点：注意要点要要点：注意要点要齐全，包括全，包括栏目介目介绍、稿件内容、稿件内容、稿件稿件
36、长度和交稿日期；写作度和交稿日期；写作时注意恰当地使用注意恰当地使用衔接接词和和过渡渡词，以使文章行文，以使文章行文连贯、流、流畅。满分作文分作文Dear Peter，Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper.The“Foreign Cultures”section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultur
37、es of their home countries.Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States？And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals，and the life of American high school students.Youcan write anything relevant so long as its
38、interesting and informative.400 words would be fine.Could we have your article before June 28?Im looking forward to hearing from you.Yours，Li Hua能力拓展能力拓展完成下列学完成下列学习任任务1句式升句式升级：你可以写有关的你可以写有关的东西，只要它有趣并能使人增西，只要它有趣并能使人增进知知识。低低级：You can write anything relevant，and its interesting and informative.高高级：You
39、can write anything relevant _ its interesting and informative.as long as2句型句型转换：The “Foreign Cultures”section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.The“Foreign Cultures”section in our newspaper _ (receive用被用被动语态) us students，_(非限制性定非限制性定语从句从句) has a positive effect on our learning lives
40、.is well received bywhichB(2015高考全国卷高考全国卷)假定你是李假定你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院划和同学去敬老院(nursing home)陪老人陪老人们过重阳重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)。请给外教露西写封外教露西写封邮件，邀她一同前往，内容件，邀她一同前往，内容包括：包括：1出出发及返回及返回时间；2活活动：包：包饺子、表演子、表演节目等。目等。注意：注意：1词数数100左右；左右；2可以适当增加可以适当增加细节，以使行文，以使行文连贯；3结语已已为你写好。你写好。_Looking forward to your reply.Yo
41、urs，Li Hua审题谋篇篇1审文体：文体：应用文，属于提用文，属于提纲式作文式作文2审格式：格式：电子子邮件件3审人称：第一人称人称：第一人称4审时态：一般：一般现在在时和一般将来和一般将来时5审要点：要点：(1)出出发及返回及返回时间；(2)在敬老院的活在敬老院的活动：包：包饺子、表演子、表演节目等。目等。满分作文分作文Dear Lucy，Id like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.It is the
42、day for the elderly in our culture.Well go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly people there.Well also spend some fun time together singing，dancing and playing games，which we hope will make them happy.We should be back around 4 oclock in the afternoon.If you are able tocome with us，please l
43、et us know and well wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.Looking forward to your replyYours，Li Hua能力拓展能力拓展完成下列学完成下列学习任任务(句式升句式升级)1我我们将在一起唱歌、跳舞、玩游将在一起唱歌、跳舞、玩游戏度度过美好的美好的时刻，我刻，我们希望希望这会使他会使他们高高兴。低低级：Well also spend some fun time together.Well sing，dance and play games.We hope it will make
44、 them happy.高高级:Well also spend some fun time together singing,dancing _ playing games，_ we hope will make them happy.andwhich2如果你能与我如果你能与我们一起来，一起来，请告知我告知我们；我；我们将在上午将在上午9点点在校在校门口等你。口等你。低低级：Are you able to come with us?Please let us know.Well wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.高高级：_
45、you are able to come with us，please let us know _ well wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.IfandC(2014高考全国卷高考全国卷)假定你是李假定你是李华，计划暑假期划暑假期间去英国学去英国学习英英语，为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意，期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校校写封信，写封信，询问有关情况有关情况(箭箭头所指内容所指内容)。注意：注意：1.词数数100左右。左右。2可以适当增加可以适当增加细节，以使行文，以使行文连贯。3参考参考词汇：住宿：住宿acc
46、ommodationDear Sir/Madam，_Yours faithfully，Li Hua审题谋篇篇1审文体：文体：应用文，用文，图表表类作文作文2审格式：格式：书信信3审人称：第一人称人称：第一人称4审时态：一般：一般现在在时为主主5审要点：要点：(1)说明写信的目的；明写信的目的；(2)开开课时间和每周上和每周上课时间；(3)班班级大小；大小；(4)收收费情况；情况；(5)住宿住宿类型。型。满分作文分作文Dear Sir/Madam，I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer scho
47、ol during the vacation.Ive seen your ad，and Id like to know something more about your sixweek English course.First，when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week？Besides，I wish there would not be too many students in a class.Id also like to know how much I have to pay for the
48、 course and whether accommodation is included.Would there be host family or university dormitory?I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully，Li Hua能力拓展能力拓展完成下列学完成下列学习任任务(句式升句式升级)句式升句式升级1如果我能如果我能够了解更多有关你了解更多有关你们六周的英六周的英语课程的信息的程的信息的话，我会不我会不胜感激。感激。低低级：If I can know something more about yo
49、ur sixweek English course，I will be very thankful.高高级：Id_ (v.it宾语从句从句) I could know something more about your sixweek English course.appreciate it if2而且，我希望在一个班中不会有太多的学生，而且，我希望在一个班中不会有太多的学生，这是我所关是我所关注的事情。注的事情。低低级：And I hope there wont be too many students in a class.This is the thing that Im concern
50、ed about.高高级：_，I_ there would not be too many students in a class，_ is my_In additionwish thatwhichconcernD(2014高考全国卷高考全国卷)一家英一家英语报社向中学生征文，主社向中学生征文，主题是是“十年后的我十年后的我”。请根据下列要点和你的根据下列要点和你的畅想完成短文。想完成短文。1家庭；家庭；2工作；工作；3业余生活。余生活。注意：注意：1.词数数100左右；左右；2可以适当增加可以适当增加细节，以使行文，以使行文连贯；3开开头语已已为你写好。你写好。I often imagine
51、 what my life will be like in the future._ _审题谋篇篇1审文体：半开放作文文体：半开放作文2审格式：无固定格式格式：无固定格式3审人称：第一人称人称：第一人称4审时态：一般将来：一般将来时为主主5审要点：要点：(1)未来家族；未来家族；(2)未来工作；未来工作；(3)未来未来业余工作。余工作。满分作文分作文I often imagine what my life will be like in the futureI think my life will be very different in ten years.I will be twentye
52、ight years old by then.I will have my own family，probably with a lovely child.I hope Ill work in a computer company as a program designer.Ill enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues.Ill do a good job in whatever I do.In my free time，Ill continue to take regular exercise，such as swimming，
53、running and various ball games.On my holidays，Ill travel around the world.In a word，my life will be much richer and more colorful.能力拓展能力拓展完成下列学完成下列学习任任务1按要求写出下面句子按要求写出下面句子我我认为十年后我的生活将和十年后我的生活将和现在大不相同。在大不相同。I think my life will_ that of today in ten years.我将喜我将喜欢我的工作并和我的同事友好相我的工作并和我的同事友好相处。I will enj
54、oy my work and_ my colleagues.无无论我做什么，我都会做得很好。我做什么，我都会做得很好。I will_ in anything that I do.be very different fromget along well withdo a good job在我的在我的业余余时间，我将，我将经常常锻炼身体。身体。In my spare time，I will_2按提示将上面句式升按提示将上面句式升级用用what引引导的的宾语从句改写句从句改写句_ 用用让步状步状语从句改写句从句改写句_take regular exerciseI think my life will be different from what it is today in ten years.I will do a good job in whatever I do.
