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1、第一编专题一阅读理解专题一阅读理解考点考点1细节理解题细节理解题1 1真真题题体体验验2 2技技法法例例析析3 3即即时时巩巩固固4 4素素能能强强化化真真 题题 体体 验验ActivityDescriptionMember of staffCostOutdoorAdventure(OUT)Take yourself out of your fort zone for a week，discover new personal qualities，and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a number of activiti
2、es from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team，and enjoy the great outdoor environment. Mr. Clemens140WWBattlefieldsand Paris(WBP)On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London，we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War battle
3、fields. On Day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park，staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day， Friday， sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights. Mrs. Wilson425ActivityDescriptionMem
4、ber of staffCostCraftyFoxes(CRF)Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely objects using recycled and made materials. Bags，cushions and decorations. Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles. Mrs. Goode30Potty aboutPotter(POT)Visit Warner Bros Studio，shop stop t
5、o buy picnic，stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in StreatleyonThames，guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations， picnic lunch outside Oxfords Christchurch， boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks， before heading back to Exeter. Miss Drake150文章大意：本文是一篇应用文。这四则广告分别介绍了四项适
6、合学生的夏季活动安排。Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping？ _ AOUT. BWBP. CCRF. DPOT. 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的go camping可以定位到第一则广告。由该广告中的“You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. ”可知，这是户外探险活动，参与该活动可以划独木舟(canoeing)，也可以野营，因此选A项。AWhat will the s
7、tudents do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson？ _ ATravel to London. BSee a parade and fireworks. CTour central Paris. DVisit the WW battlefields. 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的Mrs. Wilson可以定位到第二则广告。由该广告中的“On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London，we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the W
8、orld Warbattlefields. ”可知，星期一参观者到达伦敦，第二天即星期二到法国北部参观第一次世界大战的战场，这与D项内容吻合。DHow long does Potty about Potter last？ _ ATwo days. BFour days. CFive days. DOne week. 解析：推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到最后一则广告。该广告提到参观华纳兄弟工作室、买野餐、在青年旅舍住一晚(stay overnight)，那么后面交代的坐船游览查韦尔河就应该是第二天的活动，由此推断这个活动的持续时间是两天。 AOpening TimesSundayFriday (
9、closed on Saturday) 11：00am4：00pm，30th March2nd November. Admission ChargesHall & GardensGardensAdults：12. 008. 00Groups：9. 005. 50Special EventsProducers Market13th AprilJoin us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas. Holker Garden
10、Festival30th MayThe event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening，making it one of the most popular events in gardening. National Garden Day28th AugustHolker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tou
11、r with our garden guide. Winter Market8th NovemberThis is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment. 文章大意：本文是一篇应用文，题材是旅游广告。文章介绍了游览霍尔克庄园的游客须知和四项特别的活动。How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Ho
12、lker from Manchester？ _A20 minutes. B25 minutes. C45 minutes. D90 minutes. 解析：细节理解题。根据文章的How to Get to Holker部分中“By Car：. Approximate travel times：. Manchester1 hour 30 minutes. ”可知，游客从Manchester开车到Holker大约用一个半小时，也就是90分钟。故选D。DHow much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens？ _A12
13、. 00. B9. 00. C8. 00. D5. 50. 解析：细节理解题。根据文章的Admission Charges部分中Hall & Gardens一列与Groups一行的交叉点可知，旅游团的一个成员游览Hall & Gardens所需要的费用为9. 00。故选B。BWhich event will you go to if you want to see a live music show？ _AProducers Market. BHolker Garden Festival. CNational Garden Day. DWinter Market. 解析：细节理解题。根据文章的
14、Winter Market 部分中“Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment. (流连于形形色色的礼品商店间，同时欣赏着现场的音乐演出和好看的街头娱乐活动)”可知，如果想看现场的音乐演出，你就去Winter Market。故选D。D细节理解题主要考查在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义，在高考中比重最大，在应用文中尤为常见。做题时应该注意：1明晰三种常见设问方式：细节理解题几乎都可以在文章
15、中直接找到与答案有关的信息。常见的命题方式有：名 师 点 津(1)特 殊 疑 问 句 形 式 。 以 when， where， what， which， who， how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。(2)判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true/false或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。(3)以“According to. ”开头的提问形式。(4)填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from _ . 此类题目相对简单，只要考生认真并且细心，得分就
16、会比较容易。2判断三类正确选项特征：(1)同义替换。对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose ones job换成了be out of work。有时候词性或者语态有所变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important改成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，即主动语态与被动语态的转换。(2)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。(3)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。3识别四类干扰选项特征：(1)扩缩范围：与文章细节部分吻合，部分相悖。(2)无中生有：明显与文章内容不符或没有提及。(3)偷梁换柱：符合常识，但不是文章内容。(4)张冠李
17、戴：是文章细节，但不符合题干要求或不是要点。4牢记解题流程细节理解题无论以怎样的方式提问，考生都要记住一个解题原则“本本主义”，一切从原文出发，无需读很多段落甚至全文后去归纳总结、分析推理，正确答案就对应原文的某一处具体信息。第一步审读题干和选项，回到原文定信息区间通过题干或选项中的关键词找到定位点，开始精读文章直到下一题的定位区域出现。只有两种情况需要向上找寻信息：定位到的信息为数字串，或举例说明部分；出现了逻辑关系词(therefore，so，as a result)或代词(that，these，it)。第二步将选项和原文一一对比，求同排异定答案利用“同义原则”，找出原文中与正确选项匹配的
18、同义词组，将原文出现的信息和选项进行比对，确定正确选项。做任何阅读理解题都不是找感觉，本质上是找同义词，解题时找出的同义词组越多，答案就越准确，这是解答细节理解题的基本方法。技技 法法 例例 析析1直接信息题定位题干信息关键词：阅读题干，找准关键词速读文章，寻找题干关键词比对选项与原文广告、演出信息、航班时间表等应用文的阅读，不必阅读全文，宜采用“题干定位”法。先看题目，从题干中提取关键信息，采用速读技巧快速定位，仔细比对选项与文中细节，确定答案。(2017全国卷，A片段)In the ing months，we are bringing together artists from all o
19、ver the globe，to enjoy speaking Shakespears plays in their own language，in our Globe，within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. Please e and join us. National Theatre of ChinaBeijing|ChineseThis great occasion(盛会)will be the National Theatre of Chinas first visit to the UK. The panys productions
20、 show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeares Richard will be directed by the Nationals Associate Director，Wang Xiaoying. 典 例 Date & Time：Saturday 28 April，2. 30pm & Sunday 29 April，1. 30pm & 6. 30pmWhich play will be performed by the National Theatre of China？A
21、Richard . BLoves Labours Lost. CAs You Like It. DThe Merchant of Venice.解题思路第一步确定题干中的关键词 _第二步定位到原文信息句 _ _ 第三步比对选项得出答案 _the National Theatre of ChinaThis production of Shakespeares Richard will be directed by the Nationals Associate Director，Wang XiaoyingA2间接信息题同义互释转换细节理解题答案选项的表述通常不是用文章的原语，而是使用与文中词语同
22、义或近义的词语来表达。此类题目相对较难，是容易失分的题型。需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，将确定的文章信息进行加工处理，然后进行进一步的辨别。关键词：阅读题干，找准关键词扫读原文，锁定信息用同义、近义或反义的语言转换(2018全国卷，A)Washington，DCBicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，DCDuration：3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the worldfamous cherry trees with beau
23、tiful flowers of Washington，DCYour guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms disappear ！典 例 Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour
24、and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，DCExplore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike，helmet，cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour In Washington，DCDuration：3 hours Morning
25、 or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for DCnewers and locals looking to experience Washington，DCin a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth to
26、ur route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours(7miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington，DCGet up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill
27、 and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 1Which tour do you need to book in advance？ACherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washin
28、gton，DCBWashington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. CCapital City Bike Tour in Washington，DCDWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 2What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour？ AMeet famous people. BGo to a national park. CVisit wellknown museums. DEnjoy interesting stories. 3Which of th
29、e following does the bicycle tour at night provide？ACity maps. BCameras. CMeals. DSafety lights.解题思路第1题第一步确定题干中的关键词 _第二步定位到原文信息句根 据 题 干 关 键 词 快 速 查 找 文 章 中 的 同 义 替 换 部 分 _ _，此处 _作为动词，与之构成同义替换。尝试解答 _book in advanceReserve your spot before availabilityreserveA第2题第一步确定题干中的关键词 _ 第二步根据题干关键词 _定位到第三个小标题，在本
30、段快速查找文章中与关键词 _同义替换部分 _，_指的是“使愉快，高兴”之意。尝试解答 _Capital City Bike Tour； enjoy interesting storiesCapital City Bike Tourenjoy interesting storiesentertain you with the most interesting storiesentertainD第3题第一步确定题干中的关键词 _ 第 二 步 根 据 题 干 关 键 词 快 速 定 位 到 最 后 一 个 小 标 题 _ ，此段提到 _ _ 。其中 _ 同义。尝试解答 _at night provi
31、deat Night Bicycle TourAll riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lightsare equipped with与provideD3零散信息题整合归纳分析关键词：阅读题干，找准关键词查找段落，划定信息计算数据，整合分析从文章中找到包含所需信息的段落，迅速确定关键词，然后重点理解。对于离散的细节理解或数字运算题，需要先找到与之相关的事实或数据，然后进行分析整合。(2018全国，C片段)At present，the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribu
32、tion of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few lauguages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lost，often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages； the Americas about 1,000； Africa 2,400； and Asia and the Pacific
33、perhaps 3,200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present？AAbout 6,800. BAbout 3,400.
34、 CAbout 2,400. DAbout 1,200. 典 例 解题思路第一步确定题干中的关键信息 _ 第二步定位到原文信息句_第三步整合推算得出答案 _less than 6,000 peopleThe median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000， which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. At present， the world has about 6,800 languages. B4正误判断题逐项击破去伪存真关键词
35、：根据关键词，找到相关信息句对比选项和信息句，逐项击破表达“绝对化”的选项一般不是正确的选项解答正误判断类的细节理解题，首先根据题干中的关键信息和四个选项的内容速览文章，查找与之相关的原文信息句，然后一一对比，找出完全与文章内容相符的选项，并最终确定答案。(2017天津，B片段)Fifteen years ago，I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic (全景的) view of the blue sea，white buildings and g
36、reen olive trees，I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama. 典 例 Unfortunately，just as I took out my camera，a woman approached from behind，and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me，this woman was here to stop，sigh and appreciate the vi
37、ew. Patient as I was，after about 15 minutes，my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take，I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape？ Sure，I could have asked her，but something prevented me from doing so. She see
38、med so content in her observation. I didnt want to mess with that. Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it，I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape，beautiful on it
39、s own，somehow es to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it. According to the author，the woman was probably _ . Aenjoying herself Blosing her patienceCwaiting for the sunsetDthinking about her past解题思路第一步根据关键词找出相关信息句A _ B _C_D _ She seemed so content in her observation. Another 15 m
40、inutes passed and I grew bored. Patient as I was，after about 15 minutes， my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take， I grew frustrated. I didnt want to mess with that. 第二步对比选项与信息句，逐项击破A项作者认为这位女士玩得很愉快(enjoy herself)，与信息句符合；B项张冠李戴，根据第四段中的“Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. ”可知，作者又等了15分钟，渐渐感到有些厌烦，这说明作者正失去耐心，而不是那位女士正失去耐心；C项无中生有，文章并没有提及那位女士等待日落；D项无中生有，文章没有提及那位女士想起她的过去。尝试解答： _A
