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1、英语句子结构主讲人：朱慧日 期 : 2021/7/201.主谓宾定状补主谓宾定状补2.五个根本简单句五个根本简单句 一、找出以下句子的成分主、谓、宾、表、定、一、找出以下句子的成分主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补状、补1. Mouse loves rice.2. God is a girl.3. I am Miss Chen, the head teacher of Class 1. 4(1) His job is important. (2) What he does is important. 5(1) This is his job. (2) This is what he does ever
2、y day. 6(1) I dont like his job. (2) I dont like what he does every day. 7(1) I dont know the man, Mr. White. (2) I dont know the fact that he is a teacher.英语句子结构概念句子是表达思想的根本单位，只有完整的句子才能表达完整的思想。句子成分是指构成句子的各组成局部，即词和短语在句子中的各种语法意义。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语直接和间接宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体局部在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语，表语
3、、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成局部。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。1主语 subject主语是指句子谈论的主题，也就是句中动作、行为、性质和状态的主体。一般由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如：讲述“谁 We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么 The classroom is very big. 数词作主语 Three are enough. 不定式作主语 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctors job.从句作主语 What w
4、e need is food. 在“There be 句型中，主语位置？主语的位置在中间。如：There are some bottles of milk in the box. 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如： It is very interesting to play the game called “hide and seek. It took two workers about three months to build the house.2谓语 predicate1简单谓语谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来表达。eg:1) I like walking
5、.(一般现在时主动语态) 2) I (made) your birthday cake last night.昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕。 (一般过去时主动语态) 3) It is used by travelers and business people all over the world. 全世界旅行者和商人都使用它。？时态？语态2)复合谓语复合谓语第一种是由情态动词，助动词第一种是由情态动词，助动词+不带不带to的动的动词不定式构成词不定式构成 他周末经常干什么呢？他周末经常干什么呢？What does he usually do at the weekend?I wont do it
6、again. Ill go and move away the bag You had better catch a bus. 第二种是由连系动词+表语构成You look the same. We are all go home .My pen is in my bag. I fell tired all the time. He seemed rather tired last night. 连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系，不宜分割连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系，不宜分割系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语亦称补语，构成系语，后边必
7、须跟表语亦称补语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。类型：类型：状态系动词、状态系动词、持续系动词、持续系动词、表像系动词、表像系动词、感官系动词、感官系动词、变化系动词、变化系动词、终止系动词。终止系动词。 (1) 状态系动词：状态系动词：be动词：动词：am is are(2) 持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, rest, lie 如：如： I hope youll keep fit. 我希望你身体好。我希望你身体好。 He st
8、ayed single. 他仍然是单身。他仍然是单身。 (3) 表像系动词：表示表像系动词：表示“看起来好似，主要看起来好似，主要有有seem, appear, look等。等。如：如：He looks tired. He seems (to be) quite happy.(4) 感官系动词：表示感官系动词：表示“起来，起来， look, feel , smell, sound , taste等。等。 This kind of cloth feels very soft. He looks honest. (5) 变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，become,
9、 grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run He became mad after that. His cold was growing worse. The milk will soon turn sour. We get wiser as we get old. 情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.3表语表语：在：在连系动连系动词后的词或从句词后的词或从句,用用来说明主语的身份来说明主语的身份,特征特征,状态状态. 形容词作表语形容词作表语 You look younger than before. 名词作表语名词作表语 M
10、y father is a teacher. 副词作表语副词作表语 Everyone is here.介词短语作表语介词短语作表语 They are at the theatre.不定式作表语不定式作表语 My job is to teach them English.动名词作表语动名词作表语 Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语从句作表语 That is why he didnt come to school yesterday.宾语是动作、行为的对象，宾语是动作、行为的对象，它和谓语动词一它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词
11、后面通常放在谓语动词后面。名词作宾语名词作宾语He never forgives others for their mistakes.代词做宾语代词做宾语He often helps me.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语He likes to sleep in the open air.动名词作宾语动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed living in China.从句做宾语从句做宾语I believe that they can finish the work in time.4.宾语宾语 object5宾语的补足语宾语的补足语 object complement在英语的句子中
12、有些句子里只有宾语并不能表在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语宾宾语宾语补足语合起来称为复合宾语。语补足语合起来称为复合宾语。如如:形容词作宾补形容词作宾补Dont make your hands dirty.副词作宾补副词作宾补We found Li Ming out when we arrived.介词短语作宾补介词短语作宾补Make yourself at home.省略省略to的不定式作宾补的不定式作宾补I saw a girl go
13、 into the building.带带to的不定式作宾补的不定式作宾补The boy ordered the dog to lie down.现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补The boss kept them working all day.过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补Yesterday he got his leg broken.在英语中在英语中,常见的常见的“宾语宾语补足语的宾语宾语补足语的结构有结构有“宾语宾语+名词。常用于改结构的动词有名词。常用于改结构的动词有call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。等。 We call him J
14、ack. They made Li Lei their monitor.“宾语宾语+形容词。常见的动词有形容词。常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。如：等。如：Do you think his idea wrong?We must keep our classroom clean.We cant leave him alone.6.定语 attributive 用来修饰名词或代词的词. 由形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语,不定代词等构成定语. This is a red car. T
15、he building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.7状语状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式，从句或相当于副词一般由副词、介词短语、不定式，从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。状语
16、一般放在句末，但有时也可的词或短语来充当。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。以放在句首、句中。 He did it carefully. They missed me very much. Without his help, we couldnt work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. When I was young, I could swim well. 初中英语：简单句的五种根本句型初中英语：简单句的五种根本句型这五个根本句式如下：这五个根本句式如下：1)S十十V2)S十
17、十V十十P3)S十十V十十O4)S十十V十十O1十十O2 5)S十十V十十O十十C【注】【注】S=Subject(主语主语); V=Verb(谓语动词谓语动词);P=Predicative(表语表语); O=Object(宾语宾语);INO=Indirect Object(间接宾语间接宾语);DO=Direct Object(直接宾语直接宾语);OC=Object Complement(宾语补足语宾语补足语)1. S+V 此句型的特点是此句型的特点是:谓语动词是谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾后面不需跟宾语语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。但有时
18、可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如如:He laughed.John has read widely.He lives in London.2. S+V+O 此句型的特点是此句型的特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个必须跟有一个宾语。如宾语。如:Our team beat all the others.Sandy is watching a bird.3. S+V+P 此句型的特点是此句型的特点是:谓语动词是连谓语动词是连系动词系动词,不能表达完整的意思不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一必须加上一个说明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。个说明主语特征、身份、状态的表
19、语。常见的系动词有常见的系动词有:be(是是),become(成为成为),get(变得变得),turn(变得变得),grow(变得变得),look(看起来看起来),feel(感到感到),smell(闻起闻起来来),taste(尝起来尝起来),sound(听起来听起来),seem(似乎似乎),keep(保持保持),stay(保持保持)等。如等。如:The rose smells sweet.主谓双宾主谓双宾4. S+V+INO+DO 此句型的特点是此句型的特点是:谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。可跟双宾语的动词有可跟双宾语的动词有a
20、nswer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell,write等。等。如如:Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua?主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补5. S+V+O+OC此句型的特点是此句型的特点是:谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词、形名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。如等。如:We must keep our school clean. They made him their monitor.
