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1、Grammarandusage现在分词动名词动名词动名词现在分词现在分词非谓语动词过去分词过去分词不定式不定式-ing形式形式不定式不定式V-ing动名词与现在分词动名词与现在分词动名词与现在分词动名词与现在分词主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 定语定语 补语补语 状语状语 1.作主语作主语Findingworkisdifficultthesesdays.Itisawasteoftimereadingthatbook.2.作宾语作宾语Wouldyoumindwaitingafewminutes?TheyarelookingforwardtoMaryscoming.3.作表语作表语e.g.Oneof
2、herhobbiesisgrowingflowers.4.作定语作定语Therearenoswimmingpoolsinourschool.Thespeedofthehorseswasamazing.Doyouknowthethreechildrenwalkingtowardsus?.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语Hesawherworkinginthegarden.Iheardabellringing.作状语作状语Walkinginthestreet,Isawhim.Beingill,shestayedathome.v-ing形式形式V-ing形式形式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词充当定语,表语,状
3、语和补语充当定语,表语,状语和补语作主语,宾语,表语和定语作主语,宾语,表语和定语。Seeingisbelieving. 动名词作主语动名词作主语Iadmitbreakingthewindow.动名词做宾语动名词做宾语作作定定语时,与,与现在分在分词的区的区别动名名词作定作定语表名表名词的的作用或功能作用或功能,现在分在分词作定作定语表表名名词正在正在进行的行的动作作。现在分在分词动名名词therunningwatertherunningtrackasleepingchild一一个正在睡觉的孩子个正在睡觉的孩子asleepingcar一辆卧车一辆卧车aflyingbird一只一只正在飞翔的鸟正
4、在飞翔的鸟aflyingcourse飞行课程飞行课程aswimminggirl一一个正在游泳的女孩个正在游泳的女孩aswimmingpool一个游泳池一个游泳池作作表语表语时,与现在分词的区别时,与现在分词的区别Hisfavoritepastimeisplayingchess.1动名词作表语说明主语的内容,回答动名词作表语说明主语的内容,回答what的问题;现在分词作表语相当于形容词的问题;现在分词作表语相当于形容词作表语,说明主语的性质、特征等,回答作表语,说明主语的性质、特征等,回答how的问题。的问题。Heroccupationisplayingchess.动动名名词词Themoviei
5、sboring.Herletterwastouching.现在分词现在分词2动名词作表语,表语和主语几乎处于同等动名词作表语,表语和主语几乎处于同等地位,可以互换位置,其句意不变;现在分地位,可以互换位置,其句意不变;现在分词作表语,表语和主语则不能互换位置。词作表语,表语和主语则不能互换位置。OurworkisservingthepeopleServingthepeopleisourwork.Thenewswasdisappointing那消息令人失望。那消息令人失望。我们的工作是为人民服务。我们的工作是为人民服务。你不能说:你不能说:Disappointingwasthenews.3.作表
6、语的现在分词前可以用作表语的现在分词前可以用very,quite,rather,greatly等副词修饰,而动名词则不可等副词修饰,而动名词则不可以。以。他的话很鼓舞人心。他的话很鼓舞人心。Whathesaidwasveryencouraging我们的目标是在不久的将来实现四个现代化。我们的目标是在不久的将来实现四个现代化。现在分词与形容词一样可以和现在分词与形容词一样可以和more,themost构成形容词的比较级和最高级,而动名构成形容词的比较级和最高级,而动名词则不可以。词则不可以。Ourgoalisrealizingthefourmodernizationsinthenearfutur
7、eThestoryisthemostfascinating现在分词和过去分词使现在分词和过去分词使用对比用对比Present Participle Present Participle and and Past ParticiplePast Participle分分词词英语中分词有两种:英语中分词有两种:现在分词现在分词和和过去分过去分词词。分词在句中可以充当。分词在句中可以充当表语表语,定语定语,状语状语和和宾语补足语宾语补足语。过去分词过去分词V-ing主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语定语定语补语补语状语状语Participle(phrases) used as adverbial分词做状语现在分
8、词作状语现在分词作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义,相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思.Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.当我在街上走的时候我遇见了一个老朋友当我在街上走的时候我遇见了一个老朋友现在分词的时态和语态的变化如下表:主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式肯定肯定否定否定肯定肯定否定否定一般式一般式doingnotdoi
9、ngbeingdonenotbeingdone完成式完成式havingdonenothavingdonehavingbeendonenothavingbeendone过去分词一般只有一种形式:过去分词一般只有一种形式:done分词的时态和语态变化:分词的时态和语态变化:1)分词的一般式:分词的一般式:在在路上走的时候,他发现了一支钢笔。路上走的时候,他发现了一支钢笔。Whenhewaswalkingalongthestreet,hefoundapen.Walkingalongthestreet,hefoundapen.Aftershereturnedhome,myfriendlearnedth
10、atthepolicehadbeentotheflats.Returninghome,myfriendlearnedthatthepolicehadbeentotheflats.(同时发生同时发生)(几乎同时发生几乎同时发生)现在分词的一般式:表示动作与谓语现在分词的一般式:表示动作与谓语动词动词同时同时发生,或发生,或几乎同时几乎同时发生。发生。当他坐在当他坐在公园里的时候,他发现一个小公园里的时候,他发现一个小男孩在哭泣。男孩在哭泣。Whenhesatinthepark,hefoundaboycrying.Sittinginthepark,hefoundaboycrying.学生们跟着他们
11、的老师。学生们进入教室。学生们跟着他们的老师。学生们进入教室。Thestudentsfollowedtheirteacher.Thestudentswentintotheclassroom.Followingtheirteacher,thestudentswentintotheclassroom.2)现在分词的完成式:现在分词的完成式:在做完作业之后,他出去散步了。在做完作业之后,他出去散步了。Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk.Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk.现在分词的完成式:
12、表示动作在谓语动现在分词的完成式:表示动作在谓语动词词前前已经发生。已经发生。因为我看过这部电影,所以我能告诉你因为我看过这部电影,所以我能告诉你这个故事。这个故事。BecauseIhaveseenthefilmbefore,Icantellyouthestory.Havingseenthefilmbefore,Icantellyouthestory.3)现在分词的一般式的被动语态:现在分词的一般式的被动语态:那个正在被讨论的问题是非常重要的。那个正在被讨论的问题是非常重要的。Thequestionwhichisbeingdiscussednowisveryimportant.Thequest
13、ionbeingdiscussednowisveryimportant.现在分词的一般式的被动语态:表现在分词的一般式的被动语态:表示一个被动的动作正在进行。示一个被动的动作正在进行。正在被问话的那个小男孩是我的邻正在被问话的那个小男孩是我的邻居。居。Theboywhoisbeingquestionednowismyneighbor.Theboybeingquestionednowismyneighbor.4)现在分词的完成式的被动语态:现在分词的完成式的被动语态:在在参观了博物馆之后,我们回到了宾馆。参观了博物馆之后,我们回到了宾馆。Afterwehadbeenshownaroundthem
14、useum,wewentbacktothehotel.Havingbeenshownaroundthemuseum,wewentbacktothehotel.现在分词的完成式的被动语态现在分词的完成式的被动语态:表示表示一个被动的动作在谓语动词前已经完一个被动的动作在谓语动词前已经完成。成。5) 现在分词的否定形式:Havingfoundthewallet,hewenthome.否定句否定句Nothavingfoundthewallet,hedidntwanttogohome.由于没有按要求完成作业,他被要求重做一遍。由于没有按要求完成作业,他被要求重做一遍。Becausehedidntfin
15、ishhishomeworkaccordingtotherequirements,hewasaskedtodoitagain.Notfinishing现在分词与过去分词的区别:现在分词与过去分词的区别:现在分词主要表示现在分词主要表示正在进行正在进行或或主动主动的意思,的意思,过去分词则表示过去分词则表示已经完成已经完成或或被动被动的意思。的意思。fallingflowers ( ( 正在凋落的花朵)正在凋落的花朵)fallenflowers( (已经凋落的花朵)已经凋落的花朵)Takingadictionary,shebegantoprepareherlessons.Takenseparat
16、ely,theproblemsarenotdifficulttosolve.(主动)(主动)(被动)(被动)把下列句子合并成一句并把动词改成其分词形式:把下列句子合并成一句并把动词改成其分词形式:1)Therewerealotofpeoplewhowerestandingthere.Therewerealotofpeoplestandingthere.2)Isawhim.Hewaslisteningtotheradio.Isawhimlisteningtotheradio.3)Manypeoplearelookingforthetreasurewhichishidden.Manypeoplea
17、relookingforthehiddentreasure.4)WhenMrChenstayedinChina,hefeltveryhappy.StayinginChina,MrChenfeltquitehappy.5)AftershehadstayedinChinaforalongtime,MissLicametoloveit.HavingstayedinChinaforalongtime,MissLicametoloveit.6)Whenthestudentsheardthebell,theywentout.Hearingthebell,thestudentswentout.7)Thear
18、tcenterwhichisbeingbuiltnowisverytall.Theartcenterbeingbuiltisverytall.8)AfterIhadfinishedthecourse,Ihadanexam.Havingfinishedthecourse,Ihadanexam. Hearing the bell, the students went into the classroom Falling asleep, he dreamed he was far away.=When the students heard the bell, they went into the c
19、lassroom.=When he fell asleep, he dreamed he was far away.1.时间状语时间状语Note: Note: 分分词词表表示示时时间间,为为了了强强调调,有有时时在在分分词词前前加加while,when,after,before,onWhen/While looking through the paper,I noticed a few mistakes. On hearing the good news, we went to a restaurant to cheer our winning.1.After I heard the nois
20、e, I went out to see. 2.Before he passed the exam, he was hard at his lesson.3.As soon as she received the letter, she wrote back.4.Before I went to bed, I brushed my teeth.把下列句子改成分词形式:把下列句子改成分词形式:5.After we entered Wei Yu High school, we studied harder than before.6.After the boy was beaten by his
21、father, he cried for a long time.2.原因状语原因状语 Thinking he might be at home, I telephoned him.= As I thought he might be at home, I telephoned him.Hit by a bullet, the soldier fell from thehorse.= Because he was hit by a bullet, the soldier fell from the horse.3. 条件状语条件状语 Staying here for some time, yo
22、ull find the people here are friendly. Taking this medicine, you will recover soon. =If you stay here for some time, youll find the people here are friendly.=If you take this medicine, you will recover soon.Given another chance, I will do the job far better.= If I am given another chance, I will do
23、the job far better. Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.4. .伴随状语伴随状语 She sat in a sofa, watching TV.=She sat in a sofa and watched TV. =He stood there and cried. Heisstandingthere, singing.可以转换成一个并列句可以转换成一个并列句5.方式状语方式状语 ( stand , go , come , sit )He stood leaning against the wallThey come into the room, ru
24、nning.1.作作时间时间,条件条件,原因原因,让步状语让步状语时要时要位于句首,位于句首,且与后面用逗号隔开且与后面用逗号隔开,能转换为一个相应的,能转换为一个相应的状语从句状语从句3.注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语(即分词动注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致.2.作作结果结果,方式方式,伴随状语伴随状语时要位于时要位于句尾句尾,且与且与前面用逗号隔开前面用逗号隔开,有时也可以不用有时也可以不用.Participle (phrases) used as predicative分词做表语现在分词和过去分词作表语在意义上的现
25、在分词和过去分词作表语在意义上的区别。区别。*过去分词作表语表示人的感觉,主语通常过去分词作表语表示人的感觉,主语通常是人。现在分词作表语表示事物本身的特是人。现在分词作表语表示事物本身的特点,主语通常是事物。点,主语通常是事物。Iminterestedinfilms.Thisfilmisinteresting即时巩固练习即时巩固练习用所给动词的v-ed或v-ing形式填空:1)Thejourneywasquite_(tire)2)Thestoryisvery_Weare_init(interest)3、Theresultoftheexammademe_(disappoint)4)Thiswa
26、sreallyan_moment(excite)5)The_boycouldntbelievehisears(astonish) tiring interested disappointedexcitingastonishedinteresting即时巩固练习即时巩固练习6)Itwasa_storyWedidntwanttolistenagain(bore)7)Heseemedquite_attheidea(delight)8)Theproblemwasquite_(press)9)Thepresentsituationis_(encourage)10)Iwas_atwhatshesaid(p
27、uzzle)boringdelightedpressingencouragingpuzzledParticiples as attribute分词做定语分词做定语单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前分词短语作定语时放在后,并且名词与现在分词之分词短语作定语时放在后,并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系间存有逻辑上的主谓关系arunningboythegirlstandingthere前置定语前置定语 Present Participle(主动,动作的正在进主动,动作的正在进行)行)Past Participle (被动,动作的完成)被动,动作的完成)devel
28、oping countrydeveloped country= a country which has developed= a country which is developing falling leaves fallen leaves boiling water boiled waterretired teacherrising sun risen sunCan you give me the Chinese meaning of these phrases后置定语:后置定语:分词分词( (短语)需要后置的情况有以下三种:短语)需要后置的情况有以下三种:a)a)分词短语作定语分词短语作
29、定语 b)b)被修饰词是不定代被修饰词是不定代词词c)c)被修饰词是指示代词被修饰词是指示代词thosethose时。时。The book written by him is very interesting.Most of the students standing there are from our class.There is nothing exciting in his book.He is one of those invited.Participle(phrases) used as object complement分词做宾语补足语分词作宾语补足语一般用于下列动词:分词作宾语
30、补足语一般用于下列动词:1.1.感感 官官 动动 词词 : :see, hear, feel, notice, find,watch,listento2.2.使役动词使役动词: :keep,make,get,catch,leave,setI heard him the song next door. I heard the song .(sing) singingsung独立主格结构:独立主格结构:因为他的同学不在教室,所以他一个人去因为他的同学不在教室,所以他一个人去问老师题目了。问老师题目了。His classmate not being in the classroom, he went
31、 to ask the teacher some questions alone. 当主从句主语不相同时,从句部分的动词按照先前的规则变成现在分词或过去分词结构,但是从句部分的主语不能省略。有时还可以在独立主格前加with或without.He lay on the grass, with his eyes closed.1 1)由于母亲生病了,他必须呆在家里。)由于母亲生病了,他必须呆在家里。Becausehismotherwasill,hehadtostayathome.Hismotherbeingill,hehadtostayathome.2) 2) 如果时间允许的话,我们将召开一个会议。如果时间允许的话,我们将召开一个会议。Iftimepermits,wewillholdameeting.Timepermitting,wewillholdameeting.3)老人过着贫苦的生活,没有人关心他老人过着贫苦的生活,没有人关心他。(without)Theoldmanlivedapoorlife,withoutanyonecaringforhim.