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1、Unit3ShipsinthedesertPara17twokeyfactorsthatdefinethephysicalrealityofourrelationshiptotheearth.a.asurgeinhumanpopulationb.anaccelerationofscientificandtechnologicalrevolutionPara18thesurgeinpopulationa.fromtheemergenceofmodernhuman-JuliusCaesarstime:250mb.fromJuliusCaesarstimetoChristopherColumbus:
2、500mc.fromCColumbustoThomasJefferson:1bd.fromTJeffersontotheendofWWII:2bJuliusCaesar:恺撒大帝是恺撒大帝是罗马共和国罗马共和国末期杰出的军事末期杰出的军事统帅、统帅、政治家政治家。他公元前。他公元前60年与年与庞培庞培、克拉苏克拉苏秘密结成前秘密结成前三巨头三巨头同盟，随后出任高卢总督，花了八年时间征服了同盟，随后出任高卢总督，花了八年时间征服了高高卢卢全境（大约是现在的法国），还袭击了全境（大约是现在的法国），还袭击了日耳曼日耳曼和和不列颠不列颠。前前49年，他率军占领年，他率军占领罗马罗马，打败庞培，集大权
3、于一身，实，打败庞培，集大权于一身，实行独裁统治并制定了行独裁统治并制定了儒略历儒略历。vChristopherColumbus:vBorn:1451vBirthplace:Genoa,ItalyvDied:20May1506vBest Known As:TheexplorerwhoopenedthedoortotheAmericasvChristopherColumbussailedfromSpainacrosstheAtlanticOceanin1492,landinginthenewworldoftheAmericasandgaininglastingfame.Columbussaile
4、dwestinsearchofaseapassagetoIndia.Hehadtwogoals:opentraderoutesforSpainandbringthewordofJesusChristtothenon-Christiansheexpectedtomeet.HesailedwiththreeshipsandonhisfirsttripmadelandfallsomewhereintheBahamas.HereturnedtoEuropetospreadtheword,.Hemadethreemorevoyagesinthefollowingyears,alwaysbelieving
5、thathehadreachedAsia,andhissuccessopenedthedoorforSpaintoconquertheAmericas.Fivecenturiesafterhisdaringvoyage,Columbusisstillfamousbutisalsothesubjectofheateddiscussionsaboutwhetherhewasagood-guyherowhodiscoverednewworldsoranot-so-niceguywhohelpedgrabtheAmericasfromtheirnativeinhabitants.Still,hehas
6、longbeenknownasthemanwhodiscoveredAmerica,andthesecondMondayinOctoberiscelebratedasColumbusDayintheUnitedStatesvThomasJefferson:ThomasJefferson(1743-1826),thirdpresidentoftheUnitedStates(1801-1809)andauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependence.vHewasoneofthemostbrilliantindividualsinhistory.Hisinterestswer
7、eboundless,andhisaccomplishmentsweregreatandvaried.Hewasaphilosopher,educator,naturalist,politician,scientist,architect,inventor,pioneerinscientificfarming,musician,andwriter,andhewastheforemostspokesmanfordemocracyofhisday.vAspresident,Jeffersonstrengthenedthepowersoftheexecutivebranchofgovernment.
8、Hewasthefirstpresidenttoleadapoliticalparty,andthroughitheexercisedcontrolovertheCongressoftheUnitedStates.Hehadgreatfaithinpopularrule,anditisthisoptimismthatistheessenceofwhatcametobecalledJeffersoniandemocracy.vJeffersonsworehishostility,hesaid,to“everyformoftyrannyoverthemindofman.”Duringhislife
9、timehesoughttodevelopagovernmentthatwouldbestassurethefreedomandwell-beingoftheindividualDeclarationofIndependence:TheDeclarationofIndependenceisadocumentinwhichtheThirteenColoniesdeclaredthemselvesindependentoftheKingdomofGreatBritainandexplainedtheirjustificationsfordoingso.ItwasratifiedbytheConti
10、nentalCongressonJuly4，1776；thisanniversaryiscelebratedasIndependenceDayintheUnitedStates.TheindependenceoftheAmericancolonieswasrecognizedbyGreatBritainonSeptember3，1783，bytheTreatyofParis.vThemesoftheDeclarationofIndependence:v1.Allmenarecreatedequalv2.TheyareguaranteedbyGodasetofunalienablerightsv
11、3.Governmentsareestablishedtosafeguardtheserights，andderivetheirjustpowerfromtheconsentofthegovernedv4.Wheneveragovernmentneglectsitsduties，thepeoplehavearighttochangeorabolishitandformanewgovernmentthatwillguaranteetheirsafetyandhappinessv5.Long-establishedgovernmentsshouldnotbeoverthrownfortrivial
12、reasonsv6.However，repeatedcrimesandabusesrequirethatthepeoplerevoltv7.SuchhasbeenthecasewithGreatBritainPara21.whyisthereanewrelationshipbetweenhumancivilizationandtheearthsnaturalbalance?ThechallengePara22.whatarethetwoaspectsofthenewchallenge?a.ourpowertoharmtheearthb.ournewroleasaco-architectofnature;
