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1、动动 词词 的的 时时 态态时态和语态的主要考点时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时 态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进 行、过去将来等。2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从 句时态呼应问题。3、持续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。4、及物动词的被动语态。5、系动词的用法特点。6、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在every , sometimes,at , on Sunday 现在进行now, 现在完成for, since
2、, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般过去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 过去进行this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while 过去完成before, by, until, when, after,
3、once, as soon as 一般将来next, tomorrow, in 过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作1、现在时态、现在时态高考题点击：高考题点击：1. - Can I help you, sir? - Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _. (96 N) A. didnt work B. wont work C. cant workD. doesnt work2. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new
4、 year. (2001 N) A. will play B. have playedC. playedD. playDD说明说明：本题的干扰源为 bought yesterday，虽然是昨天买的，但强调的是现在不响了，所以要用现在时。选项B为次选项。说明说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。3. E-mail, as well as telephone, _ an important part in daily communication. (99 上海) A. is playing B. have played C. are playin
5、gD. play4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. (2001 N) A. is changingB. has changed C. will have changedD. will change说明说明：E-mail 正在正在日常通讯中起着重要的作用，故需用现在进行时；而 E-mail 是主语，动词应该用单数。说明说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在正在飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种“感
6、慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。AA5. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. (94 N) - Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. wasD. will be6. - You havent been to Beijing, have you? - _. How I wish to go there! (98 N) A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I havent C. No, I haveD. No, I havent说明说明：现在完成时用来表示过去发
7、生的动作对现在产生的过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。结果和影响。我是几分钟前到的，可现在仍在这儿。一般过去时仅表示过去曾到过这儿，不表示现在还在这儿，所以与本句意思无关。说明说明：从补充的句子 “How I wish to go there!”可知“我”没到过北京。AD7. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. (98 N) A. paintedB. had painted C. have been paintingD. have painted8. I wonder why Jen
8、ny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.(N2002) A. hasnt writtenB. doesnt write C. wont writeD. hadnt write说明说明：这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中而且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”。说明说明：recently 一般都与现在完成时连用；从后句“我们本该收到她的信了”可知，她最近没来过信。CA用于现在完成时的句型用于现在完成时的句型 1）It
9、is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比较注意比较 Its time that 结构：结构： It is high time that we went to school.2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.
10、这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 典型例题典型例题(1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _ been to our town before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, ha
11、ve come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. BD2、过去时、过去时高考题点击：高考题点击：1. - Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she _! (98 N) A. promises B. promisedC. will promise D.
12、 had promised2. My uncle _ until he was forty-five. (2000 上海) A. marriedB. didnt marry C. was not marryingD. would marry说明说明：Nancy 答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出的承诺。说明说明：until 用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动词，表示该动作一直持续到 until 后的时间为止；短暂性动词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题中 marry 是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。BB3. - You havent said a word ab
13、out my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? (N2002) - Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt sayingB. dont sayC. wont sayD. didnt say说明说明：本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态，上文用的是现在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人就误以为此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现，没有说出自己的评价是在这段对话以前的事了，所以要用一般过去时。D4. As she _ the
14、newspaper, Granny _ asleep. (95 N) A. read was fallingB. was reading fell C. was reading was fallingD. read fell5. - Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? - I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. (97 N) A. hadB. wouldC. was going toD. did说明说明：一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作大都用进行时，短暂性的动词用一般时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发
15、生了。说明说明：was going to do sth. 表示过去打算做某事；would do 表示过去愿意做某事。从后句可看出家里来了不速之客，所以没有来，故不可能选D。BC6. - Hey, look where you are going! - Oh, Im terribly sorry. _. (99 N) A. Im not noticingB. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticedD. I dont notice 7. - Excuse me, Sir. Would you do me a favor? - Of course. What is
16、it? (02 北京) - I _ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A. had wonderedB. was wondering C. would wonderD. did wonder说明说明：该题的干扰源来自 where you are going，不少人误以为是现在时了。其实很明显该动作是讲话前的事。说明说明：本句所表达的意思很明显，要问的问题是在此之前一直在思考的事情，故该用过去进行时。BB8. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and
17、believed she wasnt ever going to find it. (02 北京) A. had cried, lostB. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lostD. cries, has lost 9. Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. (96 N) A. has left comesB. left had come C. had left cameD. had left would come说明说明：哭得伤心发生在过去，
18、而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。说明说明：丢钥匙发生在前，等人发生在后；until 引导的是时间状语从句，不能用将来时，所以只有C项可用。BC10. He _ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment. (99 上海) A. has no sooner gotB. no sooner got C. will no sooner getD. had no sooner got11. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got
19、 to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that. (2002 北京) A. had been, have seenB. have seen, have seen C. had been, had seenD. have been, had seen说明说明：本题的关键词是 than，与 than 搭配的结构只有 sb. had no sooner done than 。说明说明：第一句表示到现在为止认识有八年了，后一句表示在认识之前见过几次面。DD3、将来时、
20、将来时高考题点击：高考题点击：1. If a man _ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. (95 上海) A. willB. is toC. is going toD. should2. - Youve left the light on. - Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. (2000 N) A. Ill goB. Ive goneC. I goD. Im going说明说明：此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。If 引导的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而 be to 结构虽然表示将来的动作
21、，但它不属于将来时。说明说明：本句的重点是“并行结构”，关键是看后面的 turn，所以B、C、D、都不符合。BA3. Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _ my mum. (2001 北京春季) A. am taking B. have taken C. takeD. will have taken4. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. (93 N) A. leavesB. would leaveC. leftD. had left说明说
22、明：本句的意思为“我赢得了到 Florida 度假两周的奖励，我打算带我妈妈去。”所以应该考虑用将来时。而现在进行时常可用来表示将来发生的动作，尤其是趋向性的动词。说明说明：that 引导的宾语从句中的动作“离职”应该发生在“were surprised” 之后，故需用过去将来时。AB4、状语从句中的时态问题、状语从句中的时态问题高考题点击：高考题点击：1. - Can I join the club, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. (94 N) A. getB. will getC. are getting D. will have got2.
23、 In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. (2001上海) A. have survivedB. are to survive C. would surviveD. will survive说明说明：时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用一般现在时替代一般将来时。说明说明：条件状语从句中不用将来时，但 be to 结构不属于将来时态形式。AB3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university
24、 next year. (2002上海) A. will graduateB. will have graduated C. graduatesD. is to graduate4. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. (2002上海春季) A. will not be, will knowB. is, will know C. will not be, knowD. is, know说明说明：by the time 引导的是时间状语从句，故不能使用将来时。D选项虽可考虑，但 be to 结构大多用来表示“义务、决定、职责、约
25、定”等，与句意不合。说明说明：before 引导的是时间状语从句，无将来时，而主句应该用将来时。CC5、祈使句中的动词问题、祈使句中的动词问题高考题点击：高考题点击：1. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. (98 N) A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave2. _ some of this juice - perhaps youll like it. (2000 北京春季) A. TryingB. TryC. To tryD. Have tried3. _ at the door before
26、entering, please. (01 北京春季) A. knocked B. To knockC. KnockingD. Knock4. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (2001上海) A. GivingB. GiveC. GivenD. To giveDBDB6、几种时态的替代问题、几种时态的替代问题A：一般现在时代替将来时一般现在时代替将来时 ： 除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如： The museum opens at t
27、en tomorrow.博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。) B：一般现在时代替完成时：一般现在时代替完成时： 句型 “It is since”代替“It has been since ” It is (= has been) five years since we last met C：一般现在时代替进行时：一般现在时代替进行时： 在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如： Look, here comes Mr. Li. 2005年高三第二轮语法复习被被 动动 语语 态态高考题点击：高考题点击：1. I need one more stamp before my collect
28、ion _. (94 N) A. has completedB. completes C. has been completed D. is completed2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (98 N) A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay说明说明：集邮册只能被完成，且在 before 从句中没有将来时，故只能选D。说明说明：该句的意思为“在大城市中清洁女工的工资通常是按小时支付的。”很明显该用被动语态。DC3. Books of this kind _ well. (99 上海)
29、 A. sellB. sellsC. are soldD. is sold4. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. (01 北京春) A. loseB. will be lost C. are lostD. will lose说明说明：sell 既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，当用作“销售情况如何”时，sell 为不及物动词，故没有被动语态。类似的词还有：wash, translate, write 等。说明说明：lose job 为“失业”，job 只能被失去，且动作应该发生在将来。AB5. A new cinema _ here. They
30、hope to finish it next month. (2001 北京春季) A. will be builtB. is built C. has been builtD. is being built6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. (2001上海) A. has been designedB. had been designed C. was designedD. would be designed说明说明：从后句可知电影院应该正在修建。需要注意的是现在进行时态的被动语态的动词形式。说明说明：by the
31、 end of 短语一般都与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。DB7. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. (2002 北京春季) A. killedB. is killedC. was killed D. was killing8. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. (2002上海) A. is to blameB. is going to blame C. is to be blamed
32、D. should blame说明说明：不要被前面使用的现在时所蒙蔽，在地震中抢救小孩并献身的动作只能在过去。说明说明：be to blame 是固定结构，不能用被动语态。该句是一个强调句型。CA9. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002上海春季) A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut说明说明：该句的意思为“雨林正在以如此快的速度被砍伐和烧毁以至于在不久的将来它们就会消失。”从语境中可以看出应该使用现在进行时。况且进行时可以表达出说话人的一种特殊的情感。说话人是想呼吁人们停止乱砍乱烧雨林，给人们提出的一种警告。C
