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1、LOGOChapter OneGeography, People Geography, People and Language and Language ContentsGeographyIPeopleIIThe English LanguageIIII Geographyv1. Geographical Featurev2. Climatev3. Major CitiesMap of the UKRead the map to find:Atlantic Ocean North SeaIrish Sea The English Channel (The Channel Tunnel )The
2、 Republic of IrelandGeographyThe official title of the UK the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe UK is made up of:vGreat Britain (the formerly separate England and Scotland, and Wales. ) vNorthern IrelandvNumerous smaller islands TitleandMakeupoftheUKLocation and territoryLocati
3、on of the UK: The mainland areas lie between latitudes 49N and 61N andlongitudes 8W to 2ETotal territory: 242,910 square kilometersInteresting Fact: Interesting Fact: No one in the UK lives more than 120 km (75 miles) from the sea. TopographyNorthern Ireland: Its mostly hilly. Wales: Its mostly moun
4、tainous. South Wales is less mountainous than North and Mid Wales.Scotland: Its geography is varied, with lowlands in the south and east and highlands in the north and west. England: it consists of lowland terrain, with some mountainous terrain in the north-west, north and south-west. BenNevisinScot
5、landthehighestpointinUKRivers and Lakesv The longest river: Severn River (354 kilometers long)v The second longest river: Thames (332 kilometers long) v The largest Lake: Lough NeaghThamesLake DistrictLake poetsI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud -William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats
6、on high oer vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw
7、I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.Lake poetsThe waves beside them danced; but theyOut-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed-and gazed-but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn v
8、acant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.2. ClimateMain characteristics: Temperate, with warm summers, cold winters and plenty rainfallThree major features: vWinter fog vRainy daysvInsta
9、bility/changeability 3. Major Cities LondonThe River Thamesv the capital of England and of Great Britainv the political center of the Commonwealthv a major portv one of the worlds leading banking and financial centers. Landmarks & Symbols of London The palace of WestminsterLandmarks & Symbols of Lon
10、donWestminster AbbeyBig BenLandmarks & Symbols of LondonSt. Pauls CathedralLandmarks & Symbols of LondonHyde ParkTower of LondonLandmarks & Symbols of LondonTower BridgeBuckingham PalaceLandmarks & Symbols of LondonLondon EyeMajor CitiesEdinburgh vCapital of Scotlandvadministrative, financial, legal
11、, medical and insurance center of Scotlandvbeautiful scenery vrenowned architectureLandmarks & Symbols of EdinburghEdinburgh CastlePalace of HolyroodMajor CitiesCardiff v Europes youngest capital cityvhas been the capital city of Wales for around 50 yearsvhome to an enormous amount of urban regenera
12、tion and restoration vhas recently become one of the most fashionable cities in the United Kingdom.Landmarks & Symbols of CardiffCardiff City HallLandmarks & Symbols of CardiffMillennium StadiumCardiffCastleMajor CitiesBelfast City HallvthesecondlargestcityvcapitalofNorthernIrelandvanimportanthistor
13、iccityLandmarks & Symbols of BelfastBelfast Castle II People Overall population: over 60 millionsDistribution:vEngland:about50millionvScotland:over5millionvWales:around3millionvNorthernIreland:about1.7millionEthnicityvThe majority of this population are descendents of the Anglo-Saxons vMost people i
14、n Wales and Scotland are descendents of the Celtic people vThe Irish people were also Celtic in originvimmigrants Percentage of total UK Population Ethinc Groups of totalvWhite British 85.7%vWhite Irish 1.2%vWhite (other) 5.3%vMixed race 1.2%vIndian 1.8%vPakistani 1.3%vBengali 0.5%vOther Asian (non-
15、Chinese) 0.4%vBlack Caribbean 1.0%vBlack African 0.8%v Black (others) 0.2%vChinese 0.4%vOther 0.4%III The English Languagev1. Old Englishv2. Middle Englishv3. Modern English v4. Standard English1. Old English (5th 11th)Language of Angle-SaxonsInfluenced byOldNorseLatinandGreekwordsDanishwordsBeowulf
16、The most famous work from the OldEnglish period is the epic poem ”Beowulf”(approximately AD 900)Hwt! We Gar-Dena in geardagum,eodcyninga, rym gefrunon,hu a elingas ellen fremedon.Oft Scyld Scefing sceaena reatum2. Middle English (11th 15th )Status French replaced English as the official language, an
17、d English became the Language of lower classbigporksheepmuttoncattlebeefDevelopment English increased in importance after the Black DeathThe Canterbury Tales written by Geofery Chaucer, 14 the centuryWhan that Aprill, with his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote And bathed ev
18、ery veyne in swich licour, Of which vertu engendred is the flour;Geoffrey Chaucer3. Modern English (15th )vThe printing pressbrought standardization of EnglishvSamuel Johnsons dictionaryestablished a standard form of spellingvRenaissanceassimilated foreign words throughout the Renaissance vThe Indus
19、trial Revolutionnecessitated the introduction of new words for new things and ideasvThe rise of the British Empire or the Commonwealth of Nationsled to the assimilation of words from many other languagesOthelloby William Shakespeare 1603La: Tho in the trade of warre, I haue flaine men, Yet doe I hol
20、d it very ftuft of Confcience. To doe no contriud murrher; I lacke iniquity Sometimes to doe feruice: nine or ten times, I had thought to haue ierkd him here, Vnder the ribbes. Oth.: Tis better as it is. Which can be translated as:La: Though in the trade of war I have slain man, Yet do I hold it ver
21、y stuff o the conscience. To do no contrived murder: I lack iniquity Sometimes to do me service: nine or tem times I had thought to have yerkd him here under the ribs. Othello: Tis better as it is. Shakespeare4. Standard English vbased on the speech of the upper class of southeastern Englandvadopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media valso called as Queens English or BBC English vbased on the London dialectvbecoming a universal Lingua Francathe world languageLOGO
