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1、China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006测井资料与应用测井资料与应用(3)Geoscience Center, BeijingMay, 2009China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 20062.5 声波测井声波测井 (Acoustic Log)China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging Corpor
2、ationOEPA , 20062.5.1 测量原理测量原理 * 声波发生器激发声波 * 声波沿井壁滑行传播 * 两个接收探头记录声波全波列信号 * 测量声波传播经过两个接收探头所用的时间 t China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006Full wave formConventional acoustic log record P (compressional ), S (shear ) and stoneley wave formcompressionalChina Natio
3、nal Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006常规声波测井常规声波测井一般提供声波一般提供声波时差时差tGRtChina National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006不同的地层具有不同的声波速度和时差不同的地层具有不同的声波速度和时差tChina National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 20062.5.3 声
4、波孔隙度声波孔隙度 通常地层岩石骨架的声速都 远大于孔隙中流体的声速 高孔隙地层饱含更多的流体, 其声速将较低 * 记录的总 t = 骨架 t + 孔隙流体 t* 声波速度(或或t ) 与与孔隙度紧密相关soundsoundChina National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 20062.5.4 应用应用计算孔隙度计算孔隙度 估算地层破裂压力估算地层破裂压力地层出砂分析地层出砂分析 计算渗透率计算渗透率 纵合密度测井资料制作合成地震剖面纵合密度测井资料制作合成地震剖面 China National
5、Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006Wyllie 平均时间公式平均时间公式 ( WTA ) 最常用的孔隙度公式最常用的孔隙度公式 : s = 式中式中, tma 纯地层骨架的声波时差纯地层骨架的声波时差 ; tf 孔隙流体的声波时差孔隙流体的声波时差; Cp 压实校正系数压实校正系数 . Cp(tf tma ) (tc tma )China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006压实校正压实校正固
6、结不好(欠压实)的砂岩 t较高较高,用其计算的用其计算的孔隙度偏高( 28 - 50%),通常需进行压实校正压实校正压实校正压实校正公式: 致密地层 Cp = 1 固结不好(欠压实) 地层 压实系数 Cp 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006 压实校正图版压实校正图版 范例砂岩 t = 110 s/ft不校正 : = 40%选择 Cp = 1.5 : 27%China National Logging CorporationChina Nati
7、onal Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006泥质影响校正泥质影响校正固结好固结好(压实压实) 纱岩纱岩 :固结差固结差(非压实非压实) 纱岩纱岩 : 简单公式简单公式:China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006 油油,气影响校正气影响校正 油油,气的气的 t大于水大于水 - 油油/气层处理出的气层处理出的 AC 偏大 油油,气影响校正气影响校正 系数系数: 气层 t = 0.7 AC 油层 t = 0.9 AC China National Loggin
8、g CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006GRClean sandclean sand: tlog 125 125 s/fts/ft tm 55.5 s/ft tf 189 s/ft Cp = 1.2 Vsh 0.1(10%) 0.1(10%) (125-55.5)/(189-55.50)/1.2 Vsh 69.5/133.5/1.2 0.1 0.43-0.1 0.33 (%)Use cross plot: 0.3 % calculation Using acoustic data along tChina Nation
9、al Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006研究岩石的物理特性研究岩石的物理特性* 可用可用 AC 资料计资料计算出许多岩石算出许多岩石的弹性摸量参的弹性摸量参数数* 着些弹性摸量参着些弹性摸量参数可用来评价数可用来评价储层压裂储层压裂,出砂出砂等问题等问题China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006China National Logging CorporationChina Nationa
10、l Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006Borehole BreakoutGood Borehole井壁稳定性分析井壁稳定性分析China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006地层出砂分析地层出砂分析 Sanding PotentialPredictionChina National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006用斯通利波计算渗透率* Permeability i
11、s a important parameter for reservoir evaluation* Permeability is difficult to calculated accurately* Stoneley wave can be used to calculate permeability more accuratelyChina National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006 合成地震剖面合成地震剖面China National Logging CorporationChina
12、 National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 20062.6 电阻率测井电阻率测井China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006AMN0测量间距电
13、源电压表B测井仪器测井仪器电场电阻率测井示意图China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006不同地层的电阻率不同地层的电阻率 松软地层松软地层 (泥质砂岩泥质砂岩) 0.5ohmm - 50ohmm. 致密地层致密地层(碳酸岩碳酸岩) 10ohmm to 1000ohmm. 喷发岩喷发岩 (硬石膏硬石膏) 可高达几千到上万可高达几千到上万ohmmChina National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOE
14、PA , 2006PresentationLinear scale logarithmic scaleChina National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006Sand scale : 0.02 - 200Limestone scale: 2 - 2000China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 20062.6.3 Dual Lateral Resistivity ToolInvestig
15、ate depth - deep log RD 80 in - shallow log RS 60 in Used to calculate true formation Rt & SW China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006ReceiverGround loopTransmitter2.6.4 Induction Tool SchematicConductivity logInvestigate depth - deep log RD 60 in - shallow log
16、 RS 40 in Used to calculate true formation Rt & SW China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006* 8 Rt curves with different investigation depth (10 120 in)* The logging curves separate in the permeable zone. * The invasion profile shows us the flushed zone, transit
17、ionzone and virgin zone. HDIL (high resolution digital induction log)China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006 Use focused current* Very shallow investigation (2-12 in)* Measure Rt of flushed zone ( RXO)* Used for evaluation of invaded affection 2.6.5 聚焦及微电阻率测井聚
18、焦及微电阻率测井China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 20062.6.6 环境影响Invaded zoneNone invaded zone 泥浆侵入对地层的污染在泥浆侵入条件下的测井响应China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006 主要的环境影响主要的环境影响 井眼垮塌 电阻率差异大的围岩 泥浆侵入.China National Logging CorporationC
19、hina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006The affection of bed thicknessLog pg7-4, fig 7-5Lower Rt of surrounding bedHigh Rt of surrounding bedChina National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006Bed thickness Correction( Induction log )Bed thickness 6 ftNo correctionThin
20、ner beds need more correctionDifferent Rs need different correctionChina National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006Chart for borehole correction to dual lateralExamplegive:Rm = 1mRD = 10 mborehole = 11inRLLDcorr 10 1.4 14 ( 14 (m)China National Logging CorporationChina
21、 National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006 Water zone Water zone Salty mud (Salty mud (RmRm RxoRxo RmRm Fresh water mud ( Fresh water mud (RmRm RwRw, , high high RtRt invaded ) : invaded ) : R Ra a RxoRxo RmRmOil zoneOil zone Salty mud (Salty mud (RmRm RxoRxo RmRm Fresh water mud ( Fresh water mud (Rm
22、Rm RwRw, , high high RtRt invaded) : invaded) : R Ra a RxoRxo RmRm R Ra a apparent log apparent log resistivityresistivity RxoRxo flushed zone flushed zone resistivityresistivity RmRm mud mud resistivityresistivity Invasion affectionLow resistivity invadedHigh resistivity invadedChina National Loggi
23、ng CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006High resistivity invasion Rw = 0.04m/29C Rmf = 1.16m/28.5C Rt (shallower) Rt (deeper). China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006Low resistivity invasion Rw = 1.14m/30C Rmf = 0.16m/27.8C Rt (shallower) Rt
24、 (deeper). China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 20062.6.7 应用应用主要用途是计算含水饱和度,识别油,气水层 油/气的电阻率高于水致密岩石 (钙,硬石膏硬石膏,白云岩等白云岩等) 电阻率也很高, Rt 不能单独用来识别油,气,水层China National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006Oilwatergasoil oilSwSwChina National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006 Hard rock with higher Rt valueHard rockCNChina National Logging CorporationChina National Logging CorporationOEPA , 2006Thank You !
