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1、句子的构成句子的构成英语的词性： 名词名词(nouns) n. 代词代词(pronoun) pron.实词实词 数词数词(numeral) num. 形容词形容词(adjective) adj. 或或a. 副词副词(adverb) adv. 动词动词(verb) v 冠词冠词(article) art虚词虚词 介词介词(preposition) prep. 连词连词(conjunction) conj. 助词助词(auxiliary) aux.句子成分主语主语 subject谓语谓语 predicate宾语宾语 object宾补宾补 complement定语定语 attribute状语状语 a
2、dverbial （时间，地点，原因（时间，地点，原因）同位语同位语 appositive表语表语 predicative1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语主语Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect th
3、e old.What he has said is true.主主语语: 可可以以作作主主语语的的成成分分有有名名词词, 主主格格代代词词,动动词词不定式不定式, 动名词等等。主语一般在句首。动名词等等。主语一般在句首。名词名词主格代词主格代词数词数词动词不定式动词不定式动名词动名词the + 形形容词容词句子句子谓语谓语谓语: 简单谓语由动词简单谓语由动词或动词词组或动词词组构成构成, 一一般在主语之后。般在主语之后。I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词由情态动
4、词或助动词+动词动词;He can speak English well. She has finished the homework. 1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour.5. Who knows the answer? 6. He has refused to help them. 7. He enjoys reading. 8. He said Good morning. I like my job.I love you.He wan
5、ted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer games.He asked where he was.（三）宾语（三）宾语宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓语后宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓语后面面宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人.He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.(四)宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足足语: 位于位于宾语之后之后对宾语作出作出说
6、明明的成分。的成分。I found the book interesting.Do you hear Tom singing?He made himself understood.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.We must keep it a secret.形容词形容词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词不定式动词不定式介词短语介词短语副词副词名词名词(五)定语定语He is a clever boy.They are building a stone
7、bridge.There are 54 students in our class.Do you known Bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)(副词副词)The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot
8、 of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?There is nothing interesting in this book.（六）状语（六）状语用于修饰形容词用于修饰形容词,副词副词,动词动词,介词短语或句介词短语或句子子.可表示时间可表示时间,地点地点,原因原因,结果结果,目的目的,方式方式,伴随伴随,条件条件,程度程度,让步让步,频率等频率等.I will be back in a while.They are playing
9、 on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that he missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He alwa
10、ys comes late to school.He went.He went there.He went there yesterday.He went there to see his mother yesterday.He went there to see his mother by bike yesterday.（七）表语（七）表语在系动词后的部分就是表语在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有常见的系动词有:Be动词动词 (am, is, are)感官系动词感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste, look变化系动词变化系动词 become, grow, tu
11、rn, fall, get, go, come状态系动词状态系动词 seem, keep, remain, stay, appear.1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.Im not quite myself today.5.Who was the first?6.He is out of condition.7.The book is what I need.8.The apple tastes good.八、同位八、同位语同位同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在当两个指同一事物的句子成
12、分放在同等位置同等位置时, 一个句子成分一个句子成分用来用来说明和解明和解释另一个句子成分另一个句子成分, 这个句子成分就叫做它的个句子成分就叫做它的同位同位语。We students should study hard. (students是是we的同位的同位语, 都是指同一批都是指同一批“学生学生”)We all are students. (all是是we的同位的同位语, 都指同都指同样的的“我我们”)句子分类句子分类简单句简单句复合句复合句并列复合句并列复合句主从复合句主从复合句有两个或两个以上的简有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。单句用连词连接而成。如：如：and, but,
13、or, so等等定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句名词性从句名词性从句由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子.eg:Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the newspaper.由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有不同的主谓结构。由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有不同的主谓结构。五大基本句型五大基本句型一一: (主主谓)二二: (主系表主系表)三三: (主主谓宾)四四: (主主谓间宾直直宾)五五: (主主
14、谓宾宾补)基本句型基本句型 一一: :( (主主谓) )谓语谓语:不及物动词不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语没有宾语, 形成主谓结构。形成主谓结构。如如: We come.( (不及物不及物动词) )1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly基本句型二：基本句型二：( (是系是系动词) ) ( (表表语) ) 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2.
15、 The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red. 基本句型基本句型 三三: : ( (主主谓宾) )此句型的此句型的特点特点是：是：谓语动词都是及物都是及物动词,必必须跟有一个跟有一个宾语, 即即动作的承受者作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。( (及物及物动词)( (宾语) )1. Whoknowsthe answe
16、r? 2. He has refusedto help them. 3. Heenjoysreading. 4. Hesaid“Good morning.”5. Headmitsthat he was mistaken. 基本句型基本句型 四四: : ( (主主谓间宾直直宾) )有些及物有些及物动词可以有两个可以有两个宾语, e.g. give/pass/bring/show。这两个两个宾语通常一个通常一个指人指人(间接接宾语); 一个指物一个指物(直接直接宾语)。-Give me a cup of tea please.-Give a cup of tea to me please.give
17、 sb sth= give sth to sb( (及物及物)( (多指人多指人)( (多指物多指物) )1.She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 基本句型基本句型 五五: (主主谓宾宾补)此句型的此句型的特点特点是是: 动词虽然是及物然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的
18、意思不能表达完整的意思, 必必须加上一个加上一个补充成分充成分来来补足足宾语, 才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。宾语补足足语: 位于位于宾语之后之后对宾语作出作出说明的成分。明的成分。可以用作可以用作宾语补足语的有名词宾语补足语的有名词, 形容词形容词, 不定式不定式,动名词动名词, 分词分词, 介词短语等。介词短语等。The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy.I often find him at work.The teacher ask the students to close the windows.I saw
19、a cat running across the road.名词名词形容词形容词介词短语介词短语动词不定式动词不定式动名词动名词 (及物及物) (宾语) (宾补) 1. They painted the door green. 3. They found the house deserted. 4. He asked me to come back soon. 5. I saw them getting on the bus. a. b. c. d. e. 1. Pleas tell us a story. _2. She smiled. _3. His job is to train swi
20、mmers. _4. He noticed a man enter the room. _5. Please look at the picture. _dabecExercises:分析句子结构分析句子结构You are a student.He felt happy today.What you said made me happy.Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?After he finished his homework, he went away.He likes pop music.划分句子成分划
21、分句子成分1.You will tell your friend that youve got to school.2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in
22、 their power.1.You will tell （your） friend that youve got to school.2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didntdare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to beUpstairs at dusk (when the window was open).4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, the thunderingClouds held me
23、entirely in their power.主语谓语谓语间宾间宾定语直接宾语原因状语原因状语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语状语一一) 挑出下列句中的挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at th
24、e gate said he was ill.(二二) 挑出下列句中的表挑出下列句中的表语- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon they all became interested in the subject.(三三) 挑出下列句中的定挑出下列句中的定语1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to
25、 sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!(四四) 挑出下列句中的挑出下列句中的宾语补足足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.(五五)
26、挑出下列句中的状挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
