容易搞错的短语及句型.ppt

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1、容易搞错的重要短语及典型句型容易搞错的重要短语及典型句型 （一）（一）so as to /such as ton nsuch as tosuch as to的这个词组里，的这个词组里，的这个词组里，的这个词组里，suchsuch是做代词，到如此程是做代词，到如此程是做代词，到如此程是做代词，到如此程度以致度以致度以致度以致，而，而，而，而so as to so as to 里面，里面，里面，里面，soso不能做代词成分。不能做代词成分。不能做代词成分。不能做代词成分。 (1)His illness is such as to cause anxiety. (1)His illness is s

2、uch as to cause anxiety. 他病得很他病得很他病得很他病得很 重重重重, ,令人担忧。令人担忧。令人担忧。令人担忧。(2)This book is such as to interest me a lot.(2)This book is such as to interest me a lot.这本书是这本书是这本书是这本书是这样的，以至于引起了我的兴趣。注意这句话读的这样的，以至于引起了我的兴趣。注意这句话读的这样的，以至于引起了我的兴趣。注意这句话读的这样的，以至于引起了我的兴趣。注意这句话读的时候要这样读，时候要这样读，时候要这样读，时候要这样读，This book

3、 is suchThis book is such先停顿一下，再连先停顿一下，再连先停顿一下，再连先停顿一下，再连下去读下去读下去读下去读as to interest me a lot. as to interest me a lot. n nso as toso as to举例，举例，举例，举例，I get up early I get up early so as toso as to arrive at school arrive at school on time. on time. so as to /such as ton nThe brilliance of his satire

4、s was _ make even The brilliance of his satires was _ make even his victims laugh.his victims laugh.A. so as to A. so as to B. such as to B. such as to C. so that C. so that D. such thatD. such thatn n正确答案：正确答案：B B译文：他的讽刺太生动了，以致于被讽译文：他的讽刺太生动了，以致于被讽刺的人都笑了起来。解析：刺的人都笑了起来。解析：soso修饰形容词，修饰形容词，suchsuch修饰修饰

5、名词此句可以还原为：名词此句可以还原为：His satires was _brilliance His satires was _brilliance as to make even his victims laughas to make even his victims laugh。 BrillianceBrilliance是名词，所是名词，所以选以选suchmake even his victims laughsuchmake even his victims laugh不是个句子而是个不是个句子而是个动词短语，所以不能选动词短语，所以不能选C C、D D ，so thatso that和

6、和such thatsuch that常引常引导结果状语从句。导结果状语从句。（二）与其说（二）与其说（二）与其说（二）与其说还不如说还不如说还不如说还不如说的常见句型的常见句型的常见句型的常见句型(1) . not so much. as (but) . 与其说还不如说(2) . not so much that.as (but) that. 与其说还不如说(3) . not so much as. (=not even) 甚至于不，连也不(4) . might as well . as. 与其说还不如说(1) . not so much. as (but) .(1) . not so mu

7、ch. as (but) . 与其说与其说与其说与其说还不如说还不如说还不如说还不如说(2) . not so much that.as (but) that. (2) . not so much that.as (but) that. 与其说与其说与其说与其说还不还不还不还不如说如说如说如说（1 1）He is He is not so muchnot so much a teacher a teacher asas a scholar.a scholar. 译文：与其说他是老师，还不如说是学者。（注意翻译时动作的对象）译文：与其说他是老师，还不如说是学者。（注意翻译时动作的对象） It w

8、asIt wasntnt so muchso much his appearance I liked his appearance I liked asas his personality.his personality. 译文：与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的品格。译文：与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的品格。（2 2）Its Its not so muchnot so much thatthat I dont want to come I dont want to come butbut I just I just havent got the time.havent got t

9、he time. 译文：倒不是因为我不想来，而是我根本没有时间。译文：倒不是因为我不想来，而是我根本没有时间。(3) (3) . not so much as. not so much as. (=not even) . (=not even) 甚至于不甚至于不，连，连不不(4) (4) . might as well . as. . might as well . as. 与其说与其说还不如说还不如说（3 3）He He didnt so much asdidnt so much as say thank you after all wed done say thank you after

10、all wed done for him.for him. 译文：我们为他干了那么多事，他甚至连谢谢都没有说一声。译文：我们为他干了那么多事，他甚至连谢谢都没有说一声。（4 4）You You might as wellmight as well throw your money into the sea throw your money into the sea asas lend lend it to him.it to him. 译文：与其将钱借给他，还不如把钱丢进大海。（注意译文：与其将钱借给他，还不如把钱丢进大海。（注意翻译时动作的对象）翻译时动作的对象）（三）区别：（三）区别：（三

11、）区别：（三）区别：all but all but 几乎，差一点，除几乎，差一点，除几乎，差一点，除几乎，差一点，除以外其余都是以外其余都是以外其余都是以外其余都是 but forbut for要不是要不是要不是要不是 but that+but that+从句：若不是从句：若不是从句：若不是从句：若不是（1）She all but fainted when she heard the news.译文：她听到这一消息时几乎晕倒了。译文：她听到这一消息时几乎晕倒了。 注：此句中注：此句中a11 buta11 but意为意为nearlynearly，almostalmost。试对比：试对比： （2）

12、All but the little children thought that the trip was exciting译文：除了小孩，大家都认为这次旅行是激动人心的。译文：除了小孩，大家都认为这次旅行是激动人心的。 注：此句中注：此句中all butall but意为意为a11 excepta11 except。例例2 2：But forBut for the rain we should have a pleasant journey. the rain we should have a pleasant journey.译文：要不是下雨，我们的旅行本来是愉快的。译文：要不是下雨，我们

13、的旅行本来是愉快的。例例3 3：He would have helped us He would have helped us but thatbut that he was short of he was short of money at the time.money at the time.译文：若不是他那时缺钱，他是会帮助我们的。译文：若不是他那时缺钱，他是会帮助我们的。注：注：1) 1)but thatbut that引导的从句中谓语用陈述语气。引导的从句中谓语用陈述语气。 2) 2)but thatbut that有灵活的译法。如：有灵活的译法。如：Nothing would sa

14、tisfy that Nothing would satisfy that child child but thatbut that I place her on my lap I place her on my lap( (那孩子什么都不要，那孩子什么都不要，只要我把她抱在怀里。只要我把她抱在怀里。) )（四）（四）（四）（四）“ “名词名词名词名词+or+or+名词名词名词名词” ”结构中结构中oror后的名词是同位后的名词是同位语，应译为语，应译为“ “即即；或者称；或者称”例1：Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to d

15、o things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.译文：再者，除机器外技术还包括技艺，即即制作方法，而动用这些技艺并不一定都需要机器。 （五）（五）（五）（五）“ “only + to doonly + to do” ”意为意为意为意为“ “，结果却，结果却，结果却，结果却”，即表示与句子谓语动作的目的即表示与句子谓语动作的目的即表示与句子谓语动作的目的即表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果相反的结果相反的结果相反的结果。 They dont have to pay for expen

16、sive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing. n n译文：他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或歌剧院买价格很贵的票，（如果去了，）结果却可能发现，所演的节目令人失望。 例2: They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled. n n译文：他们匆匆忙忙赶到那儿，结果却发现会议被取消了。（六）（六）not nearlynot nearly (=by no means (=by

17、 no means，far from) far from) 远不远不远不远不n nThere are There are not nearlynot nearly enough people here to do the job enough people here to do the job( (这里的人手远远不够承担这项工作。这里的人手远远不够承担这项工作。这里的人手远远不够承担这项工作。这里的人手远远不够承担这项工作。) )n n The food supply will The food supply will notnot increase increase nearlynearly

18、 enough to enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. 译文：食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味译文：食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正面临危机。着我们在

19、粮食的生产和购销方面正面临危机。 注：注：1) this1) this是指上文提到的是指上文提到的“ “到到2121世纪初世界人口将世纪初世界人口将增加到增加到6060亿或亿或7070亿亿” ”。（7）几个不定代词的固定搭配：）几个不定代词的固定搭配：have none of: 不参加；不准；不接受n nI will have none of your stupid ideas! 我才不接受你那愚蠢的想法！n nHe was offered a job but he said hed have none of it. 他有一个工作机会，但他说他不接受。none but (=nothing bu

20、t): 只有 (=only)n nNone but the brave deserves the fair. 只有英雄才配得上美人。n nShe chose none but the best. 她只选最好的。n nShe is nothing but a child. 她只不过是个孩子。none other than:none other than: （表示惊讶）不是别人，正是（表示惊讶）不是别人，正是 (= no one else but)(= no one else but)n nIt It s s none other than none other than Tom! We thou

21、ght you were in Africa.Tom! We thought you were in Africa.none the +none the +比较级词比较级词比较级词比较级词+ for:+ for: 毫不，一点也不毫不，一点也不n nHe spent two weeks in hospital but heHe spent two weeks in hospital but he s s none the better for none the better for it. it.他在医院里待了两个星期，但一点也没好转。他在医院里待了两个星期，但一点也没好转。n nMy car

22、is My car is none the worse for none the worse for wear. wear. 我的车子一点也没有我的车子一点也没有损耗。损耗。none too:none too: ( (在形容词或副词前在形容词或副词前) ) 不太；一点都不不太；一点都不n nThe service in this restaurant is The service in this restaurant is none too none too fast. fast. 这家旅馆的服这家旅馆的服务一点效率都没有。务一点效率都没有。anything but:anything but:

23、 除除-之外什么都（此处的之外什么都（此处的butbut等于等于exceptexcept）决不决不(=not at all)(=not at all)n nI eat I eat anything but (except)anything but (except) fish. fish. 除了鱼，我什么都吃。除了鱼，我什么都吃。n nShe isShe is anything but anything but a good cook. a good cook. 她决不是个好厨师。她决不是个好厨师。( (即：即：除了好厨师，她什么都是。除了好厨师，她什么都是。) )n nHes anything

24、 but diligentHes anything but diligent他毫不用功。他毫不用功。 anything of:anything of: （疑问句（疑问句/ /条件句）一点点；条件句）一点点；（否定句）（否定句）一点也（没有）一点也（没有）n nIs he Is he anything ofanything of a poet? a poet? 他有一点点诗人的样子吗？他有一点点诗人的样子吗？n nI havenI haven t seen t seen anything of anything of him lately. him lately. 最近我没有见过他。最近我没有见

25、过他。for anything: for anything: ( (否定句否定句) )（给什么都）不，决不（给什么都）不，决不n nI wonI won t go there t go there for anythingfor anything. . 我决不去那里。我决不去那里。or anything:or anything: （意味着还有其他的可能性）（意味着还有其他的可能性） If Bernard wants to call me If Bernard wants to call me or anythingor anything, I, I ll be here all day. ll

26、 be here all day. 如果伯纳德要找我或什么的，我整天都会在这儿。如果伯纳德要找我或什么的，我整天都会在这儿。if anything:if anything: 若有任何不同的话若有任何不同的话 If anything, If anything, my new job is harder than my old one. my new job is harder than my old one. 要说有什么不同的话，我的新工作反而比旧工作要难些。要说有什么不同的话，我的新工作反而比旧工作要难些。or something:or something: 或什么的（表示说话者不能肯定）或什

27、么的（表示说话者不能肯定） She is a stewardess She is a stewardess or somethingor something. . 她是空姐或什么的。她是空姐或什么的。something like:something like: 有点像，大约有点像，大约 An airship is shaped An airship is shaped something likesomething like a cigar. a cigar. 飞船的形状有点像雪茄。飞船的形状有点像雪茄。something of asomething of a. .: : 多少有点，有几分像，

28、略懂多少有点，有几分像，略懂 HeHe s s something of asomething of a book collector. book collector. 他有几分像书籍收藏家。他有几分像书籍收藏家。something to / in: something to / in: （叙述等）有些道理（叙述等）有些道理 ThereThere s s something to / insomething to / in what you say; I what you say; I ll take your advice. ll take your advice. 你说的有些道理，我会接受

29、你的建议你说的有些道理，我会接受你的建议for nothing:for nothing: 免费的；免费的； 徒劳的；徒劳的； 无缘无故的无缘无故的 She got the ticket She got the ticket for nothingfor nothing. . 她免费得到那张票。她免费得到那张票。 All our preparation All our preparation for nothingfor nothing! No one! No one s even come to the party. s even come to the party. 我们为宴会所作的准备都白

30、费了我们为宴会所作的准备都白费了! ! 连一个人都没来。连一个人都没来。 They quarreled They quarreled for nothing.for nothing. 他们无缘无故地争吵。他们无缘无故地争吵。make nothing of:make nothing of: ( (常和常和cancan一起用一起用) )不理解；不重视不理解；不重视, ,轻视轻视 (= (= think nothing of)think nothing of) I could I could make nothing of make nothing of the passage. the passa

31、ge. 我不理解这篇文章。我不理解这篇文章。 He He makes / thinks nothing ofmakes / thinks nothing of working ten hours a day. working ten hours a day. 他不在乎他不在乎一天工作十小时。一天工作十小时。to say nothing of: to say nothing of: 更不用说（更不用说（= not to mention / without = not to mention / without mentioningmentioning） Three people were badl

32、y hurt, Three people were badly hurt, to say nothing of to say nothing of damage to the damage to the building. building. 三个人受了重伤，建筑物的损害更不用说了。三个人受了重伤，建筑物的损害更不用说了。nothing if not: 格外地；非常地 (= very / much / extremely)n nHe was nothing if not clever. (= He was very clever.) 他格外聪明。nothing of: 无的部分；无的气质n n

33、There was nothing of the lady in her behavior. 她的举止根本没有淑女的气质。独立主格结构（一）：（一）：（一）：（一）： 独立主格结构的构成：独立主格结构的构成：独立主格结构的构成：独立主格结构的构成： 名词名词名词名词( (代词代词代词代词)+)+现在分词、过去分词；现在分词、过去分词；现在分词、过去分词；现在分词、过去分词； 名词名词名词名词( (代词代词代词代词)+)+形容词；形容词；形容词；形容词； 名词名词名词名词( (代词代词代词代词)+)+副词；副词；副词；副词； 名词名词名词名词( (代词代词代词代词)+)+不定式；不定式；不定式；

34、不定式； 名词名词名词名词( (代词代词代词代词) +) +介词短语构成。介词短语构成。介词短语构成。介词短语构成。主格名词主格名词主格名词主格名词/ /代词代词代词代词 + + 分词分词分词分词/ /形容词形容词形容词形容词/ /副词副词副词副词/ /不定式不定式不定式不定式/ /介词短语介词短语介词短语介词短语 ( (作逻辑主语作逻辑主语作逻辑主语作逻辑主语) () (作逻辑谓语作逻辑谓语作逻辑谓语作逻辑谓语) ) （二）（二）（二）（二） 独立主格结构的特点：独立主格结构的特点：独立主格结构的特点：独立主格结构的特点： 1 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。）独立主

35、格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词式，介词式，介词式，介词 等是主谓关系。等是主谓关系。等是主谓关系。等是主谓关系。 3 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 4 4）用分词时

36、表示主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词；）用分词时表示主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词；）用分词时表示主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词；）用分词时表示主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词；（三）其作用相当于状语，多用来表示行为、方式或伴随的情况，有时也用来表（三）其作用相当于状语，多用来表示行为、方式或伴随的情况，有时也用来表（三）其作用相当于状语，多用来表示行为、方式或伴随的情况，有时也用来表（三）其作用相当于状语，多用来表示行为、方式或伴随的情况，有时也用来表示时间和条件。这种结构多用在书面语中。示时间和条件。这种结构多用在书面语中。示时间和条件。这种结构多用在书面语中。

37、示时间和条件。这种结构多用在书面语中。 （三）举例：（三）举例：（三）举例：（三）举例： The test finishedThe test finished, we began our holiday. , we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假。考试结束了，我们开始放假。考试结束了，我们开始放假。考试结束了，我们开始放假。 The president as

38、sassinatedThe president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. , the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。总统被谋杀了，举国

39、上下沉浸在悲哀之中。总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permittingWeather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. , we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。 This doneThis done, we went home. , we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。工作完成后，我们才回家。工作完成

40、后，我们才回家。工作完成后，我们才回家。 The meeting gone overThe meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. , everyone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。 He came into the room, He came into the room, his ears red with coldhis ears red with cold. . 他回到了

41、房子里，耳朵冻坏了。他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。 He came out of the library, He came out of the library, a large book under his arma large book under his arm. . 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆 1. 1.名词（或代词）现在分词（或过去分词）。名词（或代词）现在分词（或过去分词）。如：如： 1 1）The moon appearing, they decid

42、ed to go on with theirjouney. The moon appearing, they decided to go on with theirjouney. 2 2）Good-bye said,he went home. Good-bye said,he went home. 2. 2.名词（或代词）形容词。如：名词（或代词）形容词。如： 3 3）The weather(being)hot,we all went swimming. The weather(being)hot,we all went swimming. 3. 3.名词（或代词）不定式。如：名词（或代词）不

43、定式。如： 4 4）Some of the money to be paid by the thief, the police went. Some of the money to be paid by the thief, the police went. 4. 4.名词（或代词）介词短语。如名词（或代词）介词短语。如： 5 5）He climbed in, sword in hand. He climbed in, sword in hand. 5. 5.名词（或代词）副词。如：名词（或代词）副词。如： 6 6）The meeting(being)over, we left the roo

44、m. The meeting(being)over, we left the room. 有关独立主格的有关独立主格的2道专四试题道专四试题 There _nothing more for discussion,the There _nothing more for discussion,the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. 答案选答案选答案选答案选being. being. With all the data he needed_,Peter began to With all the data he needed_,Peter began to write his thesis. write his thesis. 答案是答案是答案是答案是 collected collected Not having obtained the ticket for the match, he can Not having obtained the ticket for the match, he can now only watched it on TV at home.now only watched it on TV at home.