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1、高三英语语法高三英语语法（十二）（十二）虚拟语气虚拟语气一一. .虚拟语气的类型虚拟语气的类型1 1、实际意义上的虚拟语气。、实际意义上的虚拟语气。They talked as if they They talked as if they had beenhad been friends for friends for years.years.2 2、虚拟语气形式。、虚拟语气形式。The order was that we The order was that we (should) stay(should) stay where we where we were.were.二二. .实际意义
2、上的虚拟语气实际意义上的虚拟语气1 1、小小顺口溜、小小顺口溜虚拟语气并不难虚拟语气并不难, , 从句时态都提前从句时态都提前, ,主句主句wouldwould加在前，注意动词要还原。加在前，注意动词要还原。（省略（省略ifif要倒装）要倒装）e.g. e.g. 1 1）If I If I werewere in your shoes, I in your shoes, I wouldwould accept accept the terms.the terms.2 2） If we If we had lefthad left earlier, we earlier, we wouldnwo
3、uldnt t have missedhave missed the train. the train.3 3） I wish I I wish I werewere as clever as you as clever as you2 2、虚拟语气在、虚拟语气在条件句条件句中的应用中的应用所述所述情况情况 if if 从句从句 主句主句 与过与过去相去相反反if + if + 主语主语 + had done+ had done主语主语 + would/ + would/ could/ might/should could/ might/should + have done + have do
4、ne 与现与现在相在相反反 if + if + 主语主语 + did+ did（bebe动词用动词用werewere）主语主语 +would/ could/ +would/ could/ might/should + do might/should + do 与将与将来相来相反反 if + if + 主语主语 + did+ didif + if + 主语主语 + were to + + were to + dodoif + if + 主语主语 + should + + should + dodo主语主语+ would/ could/ + would/ could/ might/should d
5、omight/should do此表中需要注意几点：此表中需要注意几点：1 1bebe动词在表示与现在事实相反的从句中一般用动词在表示与现在事实相反的从句中一般用werewere。在非正式情况下，第一、第三人称后偶尔也。在非正式情况下，第一、第三人称后偶尔也用用waswas。如：。如：If he were/was you, he would go at once.If he were/was you, he would go at once. 2 2主句主句中的中的shouldshould通常用于第通常用于第一一人称，人称，would, would, couldcould以及以及mightmi
6、ght可以用于各种人称。可以用于各种人称。3 3在表示与在表示与将来将来事实相反的事实相反的条件句条件句中，只能用中，只能用shouldshould，而不能用，而不能用would, couldwould, could和和mightmight等。如：等。如：If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. camping. （should rainshould rain也可以用也可以用rained, were rained, were to rainto
7、 rain代替）代替）4 4、主句和、主句和ifif条件句时态不一致条件句时态不一致（单独虚拟）（单独虚拟）。如：。如：If he If he had receivedhad received six more votes, he six more votes, he would would bebe our chairman now. our chairman now.If you If you were were in better health, we in better health, we would havewould have allowed allowed you to joi
8、n them in the work.you to join them in the work.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现ifif引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来替代条件句。引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来替代条件句。1 1用介词短语替代条件句。常用介词有用介词短语替代条件句。常用介词有with, with, without, but forwithout, but for等。如：等。如：We couldnWe couldnt have succeeded t have succeeded without witho
9、ut your your help(=If we hadnhelp(=If we hadnt got your help). t got your help). What would you do What would you do withwith a million dollars? a million dollars?But forBut for the rain the rain（=If it hadn=If it hadnt been for t been for the rainthe rain）, we would have finished the , we would hav
10、e finished the work. work. 2. 2. 假设的情况又是可以通过假设的情况又是可以通过上下文上下文或其他方式表或其他方式表现出来。如：现出来。如：1 1）He would have given you more help, He would have given you more help, but but he he has been ill.has been ill.2 2）I was ill that day. I was ill that day. OtherwiseOtherwise I would I would have taken part in the
11、 parade.( if I hadnhave taken part in the parade.( if I hadnt t been ill,been ill,) )but, otherwisebut, otherwise连接的两个并列的分句存在连接的两个并列的分句存在单独单独虚拟虚拟现象，即：现象，即：一个一个分句为分句为虚拟虚拟句，句，另一个另一个分句为分句为真实真实句。句。3 3）It would be a mistake not to help him.( It would be a mistake not to help him.( It would be a mistake i
12、f we didnIt would be a mistake if we didnt help t help him.)him.)Anyone in her position would have done the Anyone in her position would have done the same.same.有些句子相当于一个条件从句，谓语也可用虚拟有些句子相当于一个条件从句，谓语也可用虚拟语气。语气。4 4）SupposeSuppose we told her the truth. we told her the truth.5 5）ImagineImagine your chi
13、ld played truant. your child played truant.省略省略ifif的情况的情况如果从句中含有系动词、情态动词或助动词如果从句中含有系动词、情态动词或助动词（were, had, shouldwere, had, should或或could could ）时，可时，可省略省略ifif，把从句中的把从句中的were, hadwere, had或或shouldshould或或couldcould提到其主提到其主语前形成语前形成倒装结构倒装结构。如：。如：Had we made(=If we had made) adequate Had we made(=If we
14、 had made) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.preparations, we might have succeeded.Were it not for their assistance, we would Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.be in serious difficulty.Should there be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood,
15、what should we do?3 3、实际意义上虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用、实际意义上虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用（从句时态都提前从句时态都提前）wishwish后后thatthat引导的宾语从句中。如：引导的宾语从句中。如：I wish I I wish I werewere as clever as you. as clever as you. I wish he I wish he would trywould try again. again. （表示与将来事实（表示与将来事实相反）相反）as ifas if（thoughthough）引导的表语从句或方式状语从引导的表语从句或方式
16、状语从句中。如：句中。如：He looks as if/though he He looks as if/though he were were an an artist.artist. would ratherwould rather后的宾语从句中。后的宾语从句中。 （would would ratherrather后后不能加不能加thatthat。）。） 从句谓语用从句谓语用一般过去时一般过去时来表示与现在或将来要做来表示与现在或将来要做的相反的事情，用的相反的事情，用过去完成时过去完成时来表示与过去发生来表示与过去发生的相反的事情。如：的相反的事情。如： I Id rather you
17、d rather you didndidnt got go there.( there.(与将来相与将来相反）反）I Id rather we d rather we hadhad a rest now. a rest now. （与现在相反）（与现在相反）I Id rather you d rather you had beenhad been here yesterday. here yesterday. （与过去相反）（与过去相反）If onlyIf only引导的感叹句中。如：引导的感叹句中。如：If only I were a bird. If only I were a bird.
18、 （我要是只鸟就好了。）（我要是只鸟就好了。）三三. .虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式1)1)复合句中含有复合句中含有suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (建议、建议、安排安排）demand, require (request), ask, urge, demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, desire, ( (要求、渴望要求、渴望）insist, orderinsist, order（坚持、命令坚持、命令）等等, ,以及其派生词以及
19、其派生词 （如：（如：suggestion, suggestion, adviceadviceideaidea) ) 复合句中所含有的复合句中所含有的名词性从句名词性从句中的中的谓语动词要用谓语动词要用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：The doctor suggested/insisted that she The doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. (should) stay in bed for a few day
20、s. We all agreed to his suggestion that we We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) give up the plan.(should) give up the plan. 注意注意：当：当suggestsuggest作作“暗示、表明暗示、表明”讲，讲，insistinsist作作“坚持说坚持说”讲，即坚持事实是怎样时，后边讲，即坚持事实是怎样时，后边thatthat从从句不用虚拟语气。如：句不用虚拟语气。如：Mike Mike insistedinsisted that he that he h
21、ad never stolenhad never stolen anything. anything. The look on his faceThe look on his face suggested suggested that he that he waswas angry. angry. 2) 2) 在在It is + It is + 形容词形容词(necessary, important, (necessary, important, natural, strange, etc. ) + thatnatural, strange, etc. ) + that从句中，从从句中，从句中
22、的谓语动词要用句中的谓语动词要用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。可以省略。如：如：ItIts necessary that we (should) clean the s necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. room every day. 3 3）在）在It is/was a pityIt is/was a pity（a shame, no wonder, a shame, no wonder, etc. etc. ） + that+ that从句中，从句中的谓语动词要用从句
23、中，从句中的谓语动词要用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：It was a pity that our team should lose the It was a pity that our team should lose the game. game. 当然上面当然上面2) 2) 、 3)3)两类的两类的thatthat从句中也可以从句中也可以不用不用虚拟语气，虚拟语气，而而用陈述语气。用陈述语气。如：如：It is strange that he did not come It is strange that he did
24、 not come yesterday. yesterday. It is a pity that you canIt is a pity that you cant dance.t dance. 4) 4) It isIt is（high/abouthigh/about）timetime（that that sb. didsb. did）句式中常用动词的过去式。句式中常用动词的过去式。此句型表示此句型表示“该该”，用来表示提议。如：，用来表示提议。如：It is high time we started out. It is high time we started out. 5) 5) 以
25、以in order that, so thatin order that, so that( (或起同样作用的或起同样作用的that)that)引起的从句中谓语动词多用引起的从句中谓语动词多用maymay或或mightmight加动加动词原形构成，在口语中也常用词原形构成，在口语中也常用cancan或或couldcould加动词原加动词原形。如：形。如：She stayed at home for a few days so that She stayed at home for a few days so that she she might (could)might (could) tak
26、e care of her mother. take care of her mother.6)6)以以for fear thatfor fear that 和和in case thatin case that引起的从句中，引起的从句中，位于动词多用位于动词多用 should doshould do. . 如：如：He took his raincoat with him in case that/ He took his raincoat with him in case that/ for fear that it should rain.for fear that it should rain.四四. .某些表祝愿的句子也需要用虚拟语气。某些表祝愿的句子也需要用虚拟语气。1 1）用原形）用原形Long Long live live world peace!world peace!God God blessbless you! you!2) 2) 由由may may 加动词原形构成加动词原形构成May May you be happy all your life.you be happy all your life.
