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1、白云满地无人扫白云满地无人扫又闻杏林读书声又闻杏林读书声Human BodyChen xuliangThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical CollegeIn this passage you will learn: Classification of organ systems Structure and function of each organ system Associated medical termsthe skeletal systemthe muscular systemthe circulatory systemt
2、he respiratory systemthe digestive systemthe urinary systemthe endocrine systemthe nervous systemthe reproductive systemthe skin The skeletal system The skeletal system is made of bones, joints between bones, and cartilage. There are 206 bones in the human skeleton. A joint is where bones are joined
3、 together. Skull; hinge joint of the elbow; the pivot joint; the shoulder and hip joints.Cartilage is a more flexible material than bone. It serves as a protective, cushioning layer where bones come together. The skeletal systemThe muscular system Striated muscles can be consciously controlled. The
4、ends of these muscles are attached to different bones so that when the muscle contracts, one bone moves in relation to the other. Contractions of the heart and smooth muscles are not under conscious control. The muscular systemThe circulatory systemThe circulatory system distributes needed materials
5、 and removes unneeded ones. It is made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart is a muscle that is divided into two nearly identical halves. When the heart muscle contracts, the blood is forced out into arteries and enters small capillaries. Blood returns to the heart through veins.The
6、circulatory systemThe respiratory systemThe respiratory system takes in oxygen from the air and expels carbon dioxide and water vapor. Air enters the nose and mouth and travels through the larynx, and trachea. Oxygen from the air enters the blood through capillaries in the walls of these air spaces,
7、 and the blood releases carbon dioxide into the air spaces to be exhaled.The respiratory system The digestive systemThe digestive system consists of a tube extending from the mouth to the anus .Food enters through the mouth. Next, the food travels down through the esophagus to the stomach. The liqui
8、fied food gradually passes into the small intestine.The liquid remainder of the food enters the large intestine, or colon.The digestive system The urinary system The urinary system maintains normal levels of water and of certain small molecules such as sodium and potassium in the body. Urine leaves
9、the kidneys, travels through the ureter to the bladder, until it is voided from the body through another tube, the urethra.The urinary system The endocrine system A major gland is the pituitary. The pituitary is called the master gland.Thyroid controls the rate of the bodys metabolism. Adrenal gland
10、 produces cortisone and adrenaline.The pancreas produces not only digestive enzymes but also insulin and glucagon.The endocrine system The nervous system The nervous system the brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves . The lower parts control basic functions such as breathing and heart rate as well a
11、s body temperature, hunger, and thirst. Above are the centers for sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste, and the regions that direct voluntary muscular activities.The nervous system The reproductive system The reproductive system is constructed differently for males and females. The male system is r
12、esponsible for producing, transporting and maintaining viable sperm. It also produces the male sex hormone. The female system is responsible for producing and transporting ova and produces the female sex hormones.The skin The skin is a complete layer that protects the inner structures of the body, and it is the largest of the bodys organs. The skin also helps keep the bodys temperature close to 98.6 F (about 37 ) . Hair and nails are accessory structures of the skin.The skinF : Fahrenheit degree: centigrade degreeLanguage is for communication. Thank you!Email:
