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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题Section UseofEnglishPeopleare,on thewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.At firstglancethismightseemlikea strengththat1 theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby 2 factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohn
2、speculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3 wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedby thedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4 , hetheorisedthata judge5 ofappearingtoosoft6 crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7 hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoprobationonthatday.To 8 thi
3、sidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9 ofanapplicantshouldnotdependon thefewothers10 randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11 .He studiedtheresultsof9,323MBA interviews,12 by 31 admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13 applicantson a scaleofonet
4、ofive.Thisscale14 numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15 usedinconjunctionwithan applicantsscoreon theGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,a standardisedexamwhichis16 outof800 points,tomakea decisionon whethertoaccepthimorher.Dr Simonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateina dailyseri
5、esofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17 that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18by an averageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19 theeffectsofsucha decreaseacandidatewouldneed30 moreGMAT pointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20 .1.AgrantBsubmitsCtransmitsDdelivers2.AminorBobjec
6、tiveCcrucialDexternal3.AissueBvisionCpictureDmoment4.AForexampleBOn averageCInprincipleDAboveall5.AfondBfearfulCcapableDthoughtless6.AinBon CtoDfor7.AifBuntilCthoughDunless8.ApromoteBemphasizeCshareDtest9.AdecisionBqualityCstatusDsuccess10.AchosenBstupidCfoundDidentified11.AexceptionalBdefensibleCre
7、placeableDotherwise欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！12.AinspiredBexpressedCconductedDsecured13.AassignedBratedCmatchedDarranged14.AputBgotCgaveDtook15.AinsteadBthenCeverDrather16.AselectedBpassedCmarkedDintroduced17.AbeforeBafterCaboveDbelow18.AjumpBfloatCdropDfluctuate19.AachieveBundo
8、CmaintainDdisregard20.ApromisingBpossibleCnecessaryDhelpfulSection ReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextby choosingA, B,CorD. Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedby MerylS
9、treep,scoldherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesntaffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistantssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldnt
10、bemoreoutofdateoratoddswithfeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethClinesthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadesorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quckierturnroundsmeanlesswastedinv
11、entory,morefrequentreleases,andmoreprofit.Thoselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposalmeanttolastonlya washortwo,althoughtheydontadvertisethatandtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.By offeringon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shaking
12、allindustrylongaccustomedtoa seasonalpace.Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&M tooffera 5.95knitminiskirtinallits2300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyon low-wage,overseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountofharmfulchemicals.Overdressed
13、isthefashionworldsanswertoconsumeractivistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollansTheOmnivoresDilemma.Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsa hungerandneed,yetisnon-durable,andwasteful,”Clineargues,Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20 billiongarmentsa欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！yearabout 64 ite
14、ms per personand no matter how much they give away, this excess leads towaste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who,since 2008 has make all of her own clothesand beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it tookBeaumont decades to perfect h
15、er craft; her example, cant be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and theenvironmentincluding H&M, with its green Conscious Collection LineCline believeslasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism commo
16、n to manyadvocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only startshopping more sustainably when they cant afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for herA poor bargaining skill.B insensitivity to fashion.C obsession with high fashion.Dlack of i
17、magination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers toA combat unnecessary waste.B shut out the feverish fashion world.C resist the influence of advertisements.D shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning toA accusation.B
18、enthusiasm.C indifference.D tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?A Vanity has more often been found in idealists.B The fast-fashion industryignores sustainability.C People are more interested in unaffordable garments.D Pricing is vital toenvironment-friendly p
19、urchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?A Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.B Challenge to a high-fashion myth.C Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.D Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knowswhi
20、ch half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watchingwhat people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those mostlikely to buy.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has i
21、llustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grainedinformation: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads?Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a do not track(DNT) option to
22、internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to befollowed .Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT ;Googles Chrome is due todo so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industrywould get cracking
23、on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appearwindows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone tostop tracking, although some companies
24、 have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone reallyobjects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsofts default, some may ignore aDNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it sayswill comp
25、ly with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google,which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously hugeselling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably withGoogles on that
26、count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsofts chief privacy officer, bloggde:we believeconsumers should have more control. Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:A ease competition among themselvesB lower their operational costsC avoid
27、complaints from consumersDprovide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:A online advertisersB e-commerce conductorsC digital information analysisDinternet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a defaultA many cut the number of junk adsB fails to aff
28、ect the ad industryC will not benefit consumersDgoes against human nature29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?A DNT may not serve its intended purposeB Advertisers are willing to implementDNT欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！C DNT is losing its popularity among co
29、nsumersD Advertisers are obliged to offerbehavioural ads30. The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:A indulgenceB understandingC appreciactionD skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly- glowin
30、gly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives offulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range ofthreats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. Y
31、ou might even betempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured formillions of years - so why shouldnt we? Take a broader look at our species place in the universe, andit becomes clear that
32、we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousandsof years . Look up Homo sapiens in the Red List of threatened species of the International Union forthe Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: Listed as Least Concern as the species is verywidely distributed,
33、adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in anoverall population decline.So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are nowthinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship projecta
34、 medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the moreimmediate future. The potential evolution of todays technology, and its social consequences, isdazzlingly complicated, and
35、 its perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explorethe many possibilities we can envisage. Thats one reason why we have launched Arc, a newpublication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerableassu
36、rance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of thelong-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecastsabout the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pess
37、imistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of therisks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be i
38、nspired byA our desire for lives of fulfillmentB our faith in science and technologyC our awareness of potential risksD our belief in equal opportunity欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！32. The IUCNs “Red List” suggest that human being areA a sustained speciesB a threaten to the environm
39、entC the worlds dominant powerD a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?A Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.B Technology offers solutions tosocial problem.C The interest in science fiction is on the rise.D Our Immediate future is hard toconceive.3
40、4. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial toA explore our planets abundant resourcesB adopt an optimistic view of the worldC draw on our experience from the pastD curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Uncertainty about Our Futur
41、eB Evolution of the Human SpeciesC The Ever-bright Prospects of MankindD Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizonas immigration lawMonday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter ofthe Co
42、nstitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administrations effort to upset the balance ofpower between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions ofArizonas controversial plan to have state and local police
43、 enforce federal immigration law. TheConstitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule ofNaturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attemptedto fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal o
44、nes.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Courts liberals, ruled that thestate flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress haddeliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federals privileged
45、powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status ofpeople who come in contact with law enforcement.Thats because Congress has always envisionedjoint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to shareinformation and
46、cooperate with federal colleagues.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with thisConstitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.Theonly major objection came from Just
47、ice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense ofstate privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in hisobjection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House arg
48、ued thatArizonas laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federalstatutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimatestate law that it disagrees with .Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal gover
49、nment, and control of citizenship and theborders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources tocheck immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting thatbecause it didnt want to carry out Congresss immigration wish
50、es, no state should be allowed to do soeither. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizonas plan were overturned because theyA deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.B disturbed the power balancebetween different states.C overstepped the authori
51、ty of federal immigration law.D contradicted both the federaland state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?A Federal officers duty to withhold immigrantsinformation.B States independence fromfederal immigration law.C States legitimate role in immigra
52、tion enforcement.D Congresss intervention inimmigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition ActsA violated the Constitution.B undermined the states interests.C supported the federal statute.D stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its
53、 power of enforcementA outweighs that held by the states.B is dependent on the states support.C is established by federal statutes.D rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?A Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将
54、竭诚为您提供优质的文档！B Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.C Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.D The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose th
55、emost suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional socialscientists
56、from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to theWorld Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen byabout 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to todays global challenges inc
57、ludingclimate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)_Humanity has the necessaryagro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers .Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosp
58、erity.(42)_This is a shamethe community should be grasping the opportunity to raise itsinfluence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is noradical innovation without creative destruction .Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary pr
59、oblems and internal scholarlydebates,rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or“climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)_When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often l
60、ocal:Belgium is interestedmainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the communitys workcontributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)_this is an adequateamount so long as it is aimed
61、in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack offunding should not expect more in todays economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs havelong had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was
62、proposed that system bechanged:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This hasresulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,thecomplete opposite.(45)_That should create more collaborative endeavors a
63、nd help to developprojects aimed directly at solving global problems.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！A It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists:one that isdiscipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented an
64、dpublishing elsewhere,such as policy briefs.B However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciencespapers published globally included one of these Keywords.C the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health anddemographic ch
65、ange food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; andinclusive, innovative and secure societies.D the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to beits main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much m
66、ore attention fromscientists, especially the young ones.E These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and socialinnovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is asmuch about changing consumption patterns and promo
67、ting tax acceptance as it is about developingclean energy.F Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And inEurope , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-scienceresearch and to integrate it within cross-cutti
68、ng topics of sustainable development .G During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as apercentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profitand corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is
69、 about 15%.Part B: (10 points)Section III Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation onANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Yourtranslation should b
70、e written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the needfor creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express,fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a b
71、asic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at thephotographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles,these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creativeexpression.One of these urges had to do with creatin
72、g a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still pointof the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal
73、 need. Thisdistinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemerbecomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of onesrelation to ones environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect h
74、omeless gardensintroduce from into an urban environment where it either didnt exist or was not discernible as such. Inso doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take theirstand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from
75、 is so intrinsic thatwe are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, oftrees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on somepsychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the express
76、ion vanish as ifby magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants isunfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement ofmaterials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or
77、 leaves aswell as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at somebasic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fullyjustifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these s
78、ynthetic constructions.In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncannyrepresentational forms.Section III WritingParty A51 Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be ajudge for the upcoming English
79、 speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B: (20 points)Part B52 Directions:Write an essay of about 160 200 words b
80、ased on the following drawing. In your essay, youshould(1) describe the drawing briefly,欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！(2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and(3)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteneatlyon theANSWERSHEET.(20points)2013年考研英语一真题答案解析1.【答案】A【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景 信息. ”第
81、二句顺接上文，“乍一看这是一种优势”，that引起定语从句，这种优势使人们具有一种能力，即能够做出不受外界因素影响的不带偏见的决定.B选项 submit“服从，提交”，不能与 ability连用，C选项 transmit“传输，发射”，也不能与 ability搭配，D选项 deliver“传递”，同样不能与ability搭配.A,C,D无论从搭配上还是意思上都不合适.A 选项 grant本身具有赋予，授予的意思.故答案选 A.2.【答案】D【解析】external外部因素和上文的 backgroundinformation同义复现，不考虑背景信息，不受外界因素影响.A选项minor次要的， B
82、选项objective客观的， C选项crucial残酷的， D选项external外部的，故答案选 D.3.【答案】C【解析】第三题本句 but引起句意转折. “但是 XX 推测不考虑大局会导致决策者被日常接触的信息影响而带有偏见. ” 首先注意到空前面有定冠词 the医学全在线， 指代上文信息，即不考虑背景信息、不考虑大环境. 而大局，大环境的表达，此处选择 picture是最贴切的.A选项 issue问题，B选项 vision想象力，美景都不合适，故答案选 C.4.【答案】A【解析】通读后面的句子，提到了法官与被告，这明显是生活当中的一个具体的实例，故答案选A.而 B选项 on aver
83、age“平均， 通常” ， 出现的话， 周围往往应该要出现数字.C选项 inprinciple“大体上，原则上”，后面需要出现的是总结性的话语，D选项 aboveall“首先” 是用来列举条目，将 A,B,D排除.5.【答案】B【解析】从句意上来看“例如，他们提出理论，认为法官不敢在罪行面前表现得太软弱，如果当天已经宣判五六名被告执行缓刑，那么他很有可能将下一个人送入监狱.A 选项 fondof 喜欢，B选项 fearof 惧怕，C选项 capableof 有能力，D选项 thoughtlessof 考虑不周，故答案选 B.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将
84、竭诚为您提供优质的文档！6.【答案】B【解析】根据句内的逻辑关系，在对待犯罪行为方面害怕表现出太软弱，在.方面，关于.的表达应该用介词 on，故答案为 B.7.【答案】A【解析】Aif表条件.B选项 until表时间，往往跟 not连用，直接排除.C选项 though表让步，D选项 unless相当于 if.not. 通读空格所在的前后句子，得出这两句之间的逻辑关系是表示条件的.8.【答案】D【解析】首先注意到 idea前面有定冠词 this，很明显指代上文提出的观点. 而且跟上文以法官为例一样，下文“他们把注意力转向大学录取过程”也是上文观点的例证，目的是对上文的观点进行检验，而不是 A选项
85、“促进”，B选项“强调”或 C选项“分享”，故答案选 D.9.【答案】D【解析】A选项 decision“决定”，B选项 quality“质量，品质”，C选项 status“地位”，D选项 success“成功”. 申请者的_不应该取决于同一天随机选到的其他几名申请者. 接着下文讲到面试官面试 MBA微博 申请者的结果 results，因此第 9 题应该也有结果的意思，与下文结合是达到正面的结果，因此答案是即“申请者的成功”. 其它选项带入原文重叠答案，与原义不符合10.【答案】A【解析】空格后面有一个副词为 randomly，随机地，既然是随机，那么选项 B选项 studied“研究过的”，
86、C选项 found“找到的” D选项 identified“经鉴定的”就与 randomly是相矛盾的，全部排除.11.【答案】D【解析】本题解题关键在于 but，通过 suspect可以看出 Dr.Simonsohn与前文意思相反，因此otherwise正好符合题意.12.【答案】C【解析】 此外明显缺一个过去分词作 interviews的定语， 再看 by 后面的 officers， 只有 conducted(执行) ，符合语境，故为正确答案.13.【答案】B【解析】本题末尾 onetofive(从一到五) ，前面又有一个 on a scale(的范围) ， A分配，D排列语义上说不通，再
87、综合后面的 factor(因素) ，对比一下，只有 B(划分等级) ，整合起来，即划分成一到五个等级，合情合理 Cmatch看似与 to搭配，但也不符合文意，故正确答案为 B.14.【答案】D欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！【解析】本题需联系整句话，takeintoconsideration(考虑，涉及) ，从形式上来说没有问题，再从意义上来看，说“这个等级考虑了几种因素”，是对上文评级的进一步解释，也没有问题.15.【答案】B【解析】还是承接上文讲到的评级得分，后半句讲到的是( 平时学校等级) 考试得分，再结合中间conjunct
88、ion一词( 联接) ，可以推断为 then(具有承接之意) ，因此为正确答案，而 A和 D为同一意义和用法( 代替) ，与 conjunction相冲突，C说不通，故也为错误选项.16.【答案】C【解析】本题出在一个非限定性定语从句上，先行词为 a standardizedexam,后半句是 800分，考试和分数之间首选 marked，选项 B通过 具有一定的干扰性，但注意主语是考试，所以正确选项为 C.A为无关选项.17.【答案】A【解析】本句属于比较级，对比的是几个面试者的分数，C 、D是空间上的上下，而这里缺的时间上的先后，故排除 C和 D ，B是“之后”，不符合语言先后逻辑，故正确答
89、案为 A.18.【答案】C【解析】解本题需往下看，totheeffectsofsuchadecrease,由此可以判断接下来那个应聘者的分数是出现了下降，故直击正确选项 C.19.【答案】B【解析】该句为不定式作主语，“( 面试考官可能给) 更低的分数”所带来的影响，可以推断，是消除或是抵消这种不利结果，应聘者需要在 GMAT微博 中多拿 30 分，A“达到”，C“保持”D “漠视”明显不符，故 A “消除”为正确答案.20.【答案】C【解析】该题难度较大，需把句意弄懂，也就是“这 30 分是比所多的”建议把四个选项分别代入空格处，A有前途的，B可能的，C必须的，D有帮助的，对比之后，只有 C
90、最合逻辑，也就是说“这 30 分是比原本该考试所必须要求的多出来的，即另外多拿本不需要的 30 分才能平衡前面的更低的分数”，故 C为正确选项.SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText121.【答案】B(insensitivitytofashion)【解析】事实细节题. 根据题干，首先定位到首段. 由文章第一句后半句“scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesnt affecther.”意思是：“批评她没有魅力的助理，因为助理认为高级时尚对她的生活影响不大”. 可知 critic
91、ize是对 scolds的同义替换，B项欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！中的“insensitivitytofashion”是“imaginingthathighfashiondoesnt affecther.”的同义替换.所以 B项为正确答案.A项在文中并未提及，属于无中生有.C项和 D项是对文章第一句的曲解.22.【答案】D(shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently)【解析】事实细节题. 根据题干，首先定位到第二段. 由倒数第二句“theselabelsencouragestyle-conscious
92、consumerstoseeclothesasdisposable, andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.”意思是“这些商标( 畅销商标) 促使有时尚意识的消费者将服装看成是用完就可以丢弃的，并且每周更新他们的衣橱. ”D选项 “shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently” 的意思是医学全在线“更加频繁地购买服装” ， 正好是 “renewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks”的同义替换.A ，B ，C项均属于无中生有项.23.【答案】A(accusation)【解析】词义题. 题干中需要猜测词义的单词出现在第二段
93、的第一句“thefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethClines three-yearindictmentof fastfashion”. 再结合选项可知，“indictment”是 ElizabethCline对“快时尚”的一种态度. 因此，解答此题的关键在于联系上下文语境， 找到 ElizabethCline对 “快时尚” 的态度. 由第二段最后一句“By offeringon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,sh
94、akinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.”，意思是“Cline说，通过以特别低的价格销售潮流物品，这些品牌破坏了潮流周期，动摇了这个长久以来习惯于季节周期的产业”. 由“hijack”和“shaking”可知，Cline对“快时尚”应该是持否定态度的，所以选项 A “accusation( 谴责) ”是正确选项.24.【答案】D(pricingisvitaltoenvironmental-friendlypurchasing)【解析】推理判断题. 根据题干，可定位到最后一段. 解题关键在于“Vanityisa constant;peoplewi
95、llonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycant affordnotto”，意思是“每个人都很虚荣，这很常见. 但消费者付不起太多东西的时候，他们才会以更加可持续的方式去购物. ”这句的关键词是“afford”和“shopmoresustainably”，对应于 D项中的“pricing”和“environmental-friendlypurchasing”.A 项对于本段的曲解.B项说的是“忽视环境的可持续发展”，与文中“severalfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpacton l
96、aborandtheenvironment”( 一些时尚服饰公司已经做出努力减少对劳动力和环境) 意思相悖.C项文中未提及.25.【答案】C(criticismofthefast-fashionindustry)【解析】主旨大意题. 此题考查对全文主旨大意的准确归纳. 从整个文章脉络来看，文章的第一段用事例引入，第二段讲到文章的主题“快时尚”，并指出它破坏了时尚周期，动摇了时尚产业.第三四段指出“快时尚”这种变革的弊端，比如：给自然资源造成压力、使用大量有害的化学物质、浪费现象. 最后两段提到针对“快时尚”的不良影响，可以采取的解决办法. 由此可知，C项统领全文，为正确答案.A, B,D项都不
97、是文章所论述的中心主题.Text2欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！26.【答案】C(lowertheiroperationalcosts)【解析】事实细节题. 根据题干，首先定位到首段. 这段的大意是广告经费的一半都浪费掉了，但是通过“behavioralads”可以追踪购买者的搜索习惯和评价，使得广告更有针对性，从而降低预算成本，也就是“thisfractioncanbe muchreduced”. A 、B和 C选项文中并未提及，属于无中生有.27.【答案】D(internetbrowserdevelopers)【解析】 词义句
98、意题.theindustry在语篇中是指代前面的出现内容， 而前面出现的 MicrosoftInternetExplorer，Apples Safair和 Googles Chrome都是 D选项中中的“Internetbrowserdevelopers” .B和 C选项文中并未提及，属于无中生有.A 选项并非本段中谈论的核心.28.【答案】A(willnotbenefitconsumers)【解析】推理判断题. 解题关键在于“ consumerswillbeworseoffiftheindustrycannotcollectinformationabouttheirpreferences”，
99、也就是说，当浏览器开发者不能收集消费者网上购物倾向时，消费并不能从中受益.B、C和 D选项文中并未提及，属于无中生有.29.【答案】B(DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose)【解析】推理判断题. 根据题干，可以定位到第六段. 解题关键在于理解本段的行文逻辑，即“unabletotellwhetherorwhether,somemayignore”. 也就是说“由于不能辨别有些主体是真正反对行为广告，也不能辨别它们支持微软的做法，有些人甚至忽视 DNT，继续先前的做法. ”可此可见，B项符合题意.A、C和 D选项内容在本段中均没有提及.30.【答案】C(skeptic
100、ism)【解析】观点态度题. 根据题干，可以定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句，BrendonLynch的博客中评论道： “我们认为消费者应该有更大的自主权( 或掌控权) ” . 解题关键在于最后一句 “Coulditbereallythatsimple?”，从中可明显看出作者的怀疑态度.A 项是“理解”，B项是“赞成”，D选项是“纵容”的意思.Text331.【答案】Bourfaithinscienceandtechnology【解析】事实细节题. 根据出题的顺序性原则，可回文定位到文章第一段. 该段落共计两句话. 第一句总体交代了过去人们对未来的畅想总体是积极，正面的(werelargelypo
101、sitive).本题的正确答案就隐含在第二句话中. 第二个句子实际上紧接着第一句话，交代了积极畅想的原因在于“科学和技术能治愈人类的一切疾病”，由此可确定本题的正确答案为 B.选项 A 、D都错在因果倒置，“ livesoffulfillment”以及“opportunityforall”都是科学、技术带来的结果，并非原因. 选项 C属于无中生有，本段并没有提及任何与“ potentialrisks”相关内容，故排除.32.【答案】Aa sustainedspecies欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！【解析】题干问的是“濒危物种名单
102、(RedList)”意味着人类怎么样了? 我们根据“IUCN”和“RedList”很容易定位到第三段. 首段说的是几十年前至今人们对未来所持的态度，第二段出现转折，表明目前人们对于未来的危机意识加重. 第三段再次转折， 表示第二段中人们所持态度是错误的，即“人类未来不会有太大的生存危机”，并且在此段首句表明观点后，用各种信息去论证和支持这一观点. “RedList”很显然也是用来说明这个观点的，并且指出人类这个物种是 widelydistributed，adaptable，currentlyincreasing，说的都是人类进化积极的一面.A 选项说：濒危物种名单意味着人类是可以持久生存的物种
103、，显然是正确选项.33.【答案】 DOurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive.【解析】段落推断题. 由本题的题干可以锁定本题的答案在文章的第五段. 该段首句为段落中心句，“与思考眼前的未来相比，对如此之长的时间跨度进行思考似乎更为容易”，反过来思考也就是说，眼前的未来更难思考，符合 D选项含义“我们眼前的未来很难去设想”.A 选项“Arc帮助缩小了未来学研究的范围”，该选项在文中出现在该段的最后一句话“这就是为什么我们可以发行 Arc这样一个致力于研究近期未来的全新出版物”，和题目含义有很大出入，故排除.B选项“技术为社会问题提供了解决方法”，段中并未提到.C选项“
104、对科幻小说的兴趣与日俱增” ，该段中虽在第二句提到科幻小说家， 但并未提及对科幻小说的兴趣， 故排除. 正确答案为D项 “Ourimmediatefutureishardtoconceive”.34.【答案】Cdrawonourexperiencefromthepast【解析】段落细节题. 由本题的题干可以锁定本题的答案在倒数第二自然段第二句， “As sooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture. ”此题就是考查对这句话的理解， “ 未来是掌握过去的关键. ”由此确定正确答案为 B.选项 A 、C 、D 与题干无关，在原文中无直接体现，也不能归纳得出，故排除 .
105、35.【答案】CTheEver-brightProspectsofMankind【解析】全文的主旨题. 考查考生对全文主题的把握. 通观全文，我们可发现作者对未来是十分看好的，尤其在文章最后一段最后一句“Butwe arenowknowledgeableenoughtoreducemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.”作者直接借助这句话重申主题. 由此，本题正确答案应既包含“未来”医学全在线，也应能体现出作者对未来的态度. 确定选项 C为正确答案. 选项
106、A错在无中生有，全文当中对于未来，并无体现出对于其的不确定; 本文讲的是人类对于未来的看法，而不是讲人类的进化史，因此 B错误;D 选项过于笼统，并未体现出作者的乐观态度，因此不对.Text436.【答案】 oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationlaw.【解析】事实细节题.principlesthatfederallawsprecedestatelawsarenoncontroversialarenoncontroversial.说明联邦法律高于州的法律是无可争辩的. 答案选项 they“oversteppedtheauthorityoffede
107、ralimmigrationlaw.”-他们( 亚利桑那州的法案) 逾越了联邦法案. 就是对文中这句话的反义改写.Overstep为同义替换原文中的 intrude,authority同义替换了 privilegedpowers.属于同义置换.37.【答案】States legitimateroleinimmigrationenforcement.州政府在移民 微博 法案实施中的合法地位.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！【解析】第四段主要说明了，州警察依然可以核实移民的法律地位. 国会设想 jointfederal-stateimm
108、igrationenforcement联合实施移民法案. 同时，encouragesstateofficerstoshareinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleagues.国会鼓励州警察与联邦同事分享信息以及相互合作. 其他选项的 withhold，independence，intervention文中也没有提到. 属于过度推断.38.【答案】(Stoodinfavorofthestates)【解析】 第五段最后一句： 唯一的最主要的反对来自法官 AntoninoScalia,这个法官 “defense” 是支持州的权利的，“goingbackto”可
109、追溯到 AlienandSeditionActs，证明这个法案是支持州的权利的.39.【答案】(outweightsthatheldby thestates.)联邦政府的权利大过州的实施权利【解析】第六段 TheWhiteHouse认为亚利桑那州的法律跟白宫的法律实施权利冲突.Ineffect后面表达的是重点：如果这些州的法律跟它有冲突的话，白宫声明它有权利宣布其它州的法律无效.40.【答案】(TheAdministrationisdominantoverimmigrationissues.)( 政府在移民问题上占据着主导地位)【解析】本段第一句话，联邦政府确实有一些 exclusively(
110、专门地) 权利，比如控制居民以及边界.这就暗示了移民问题上，政府当局是具有主导权利的.PartB41.【答案】G(Theseissuesallhaverootcausesinhumanbehavior.)【解析】此题可以通过上下文的衔接和代词指代来确定答案. 空格前一句谈到“这种巨大的能源不是当今全球问题的主要影响因素，这些问题包括气候变化、安全、可持续发展和健康问题”，空后谈到“人类有必要的农业技术工具来消除饥饿”，空格处应该填入的选项可以连接前后句的内容， 既包括谈及到全球问题， 又谈及到解决问题的选项只有 G项. 该项首句提到的 theseissues即指代空前所提及的全球问题，以及该项
111、第二句的 climatechange举例说明即是空前所列出的问题之一，并且该项提及解决气候变化的问题，很好的启示了下文.42.【答案】C(Despitethesefactors.)【解析】本题可以通过连贯性原则和代词指代来确定答案. 上段末句提到“问题也带有社会因素：对食物的组织和分配，财产和财富”，空格后谈到“这是一种耻辱，社会应该抓住机会提升它在真实世界中的影响”，并且应用了社会科学家的话语来表明应该采取行动，即：上段末句提到的问题，空前谈到存在问题，那么接下来应该解决问题，但是空后谈到这是一种耻辱，然后纠正应该解决问题，所以空格处应该承上启下，表达没有解决问题这个含义，因此 C项“尽管存
112、在这些因素，很多社会科学家不愿意解决此问题”即为正确选项，该项中thesefactors指代上段末句提到的社会因素，而“很多科学家不愿意解决此问题”就是下文提及的 this.43.【答案】B(However,thenumbersarestillsmall.)欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！【解析】本题可以通过原词复现和逻辑关系来确定答案. 空前一句讲到“ thenumberofpapersincluding.haveincreasedrapidly.”，紧接着在选项 B中也出现了“thenumber”，属于原词复现. 从逻辑关系的角
113、度来看，选项 B有一个明显的转折词“however”，这说明其表达的含义与空前信息相反，该选项提到“thenumbersarestillsmall”( 数量非常小) ，空前信息是“thenumber.increasedrapidly”( 数量增长非常迅速) ，两者在语意上构成了明显的转折关系. 所以正确答案为B.44.【答案】D(Duringthelate1990s.)【解析】本题设在段落中间，可以通过段落一致性代词指代来确定答案. 该段第一句提到：“Theproblemisnotnecessarilytheamountofavailablefunding”，其表达的含义是：事情的问题不是可用
114、资金的数目. 那接下来要讲的内容一定和资金有关系. 空后出现了代词“thisisan adequateamount”其含义是：这个资金数目是足够的. 那么 this指代的内容一定和 adequateamount相关，而选项 D的题干是“nationalspendingvariedfrom4% to25%”，其表述的内容正是资金的总量.因此选项 D为正确答案.45.【答案】E(Theideaistoforcesocialtointegrate.)【解析】本题设空在段落中间，应瞻前顾后地依据连贯性原则确定答案. 空前的信息是指欧盟提议取消了之前设定的专门投资支持社会科学家的专栏项目，其目的不是为了
115、忽略社会科学家，而是完全相反，即文章中的“completeopposite”，根据语意衔接，接下来会说明欧盟这一做法的真正目的，并且这一目的对于社会科学家一定是积极的. 选项 E中的 theidea指代空前出现的“itwasproposedthat.”，即欧盟的提案. 除此之外，空后提到了 collaborativeendeavors，与选项 E中的短语 integratewith构成了同义替换. 空后信息中的 globalproblems与选项 E中的 healthanddemographicchange,foodsecurity,.andsecuresocieties构成上下义的关系，这也
116、是解题的一道线索，因此，正确答案为选项 E.SectionIIITranslation46.yet,whenonelooksatthephotographsofthegardenscreatedby thehomeless,itstrikesonethat,foralltheirdiversityofstyles,thesegardensspeakofvariousotherfundamentalurges,beyondthatofdecorationandcreativeexpression.【参考译文】然而，看着无家可归者绘制出的花园图片时，人们会突然想到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们都显示
117、了人类除了装饰和创造性表达之外的其他各种基本诉求47.Asacredplaceofpeace,howevercrudeitmaybe,isa distinctlyhumanneed,asopposedtoshelter,whichisa distinctlyanimalneed.【参考译文】无论地方多么简陋不堪，寻求一片静谧圣土是人类特有的需求，而动物需要的仅是仅是避难栖息之地.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！48.Thegardensofthehomeless,whichareineffecthomelessgardens,int
118、roduceformintoanurbanenvironmentwhereiteitherdidnt existorwasnotdiscernibleassuch.【参考译文】无家可归者的乐园，实际上是一个毫无家气息的地方，给城市环境带来了一种新的形式.无家可归者描绘的花园实质上是无所依附的，这些花园把一种形式引入城市环境中，而这样的城市环境中，形式要么根本不存在， 要么就完全不是以这种明显的方式存在.49.mostofusgiveintoa demoralizationofspiritwhichusuallyblameon somepsychologicalconditions,untilo
119、nedaywe findourselvesina gardenandfeeltheoppressionvanishasifby magic.【参考译文】我们大多数人会深陷于精神萎靡的状态，并常常将此归咎为一些心理原因，直到某天我们发现自己置身花园中，感到如魔法般烦闷尽消50.Itisthisimplicitorexplicitreferencetonaturethatfullyjustifiestheuseofthewordgarden,thoughina“liberated” sense,todescribethesesyntheticconstructions.【参考译文】正是对自然的这种
120、或隐晦含蓄或清晰直白的提及，充分证实了用“花园”一词来描述这些虚拟建筑是合乎情理的，即使是从毫无拘泥的意义来讲的.SectionIVWriting51.【参考范文】DearProfessorWang,Iamwritingon behalfofourcollegetoinviteyoutobe a judgefortheEnglishspeechcontestwhichwillbeheldnextweek.We knowthatyouareadmiredby allthestudents.As collegestudents,wewouldliketoimproveourabilitiesins
121、pokenEnglishaswellaswrittenEnglish.We wouldbe gratefulifyoucouldbethejudgeforthiscontesttobeheldinRoom102,theTeachingBuildingon Saturday,June4th,at7p.m.We trustyouwillbe disengagedandabletogiveusthepleasureofyourcompany.We arelookingforwardtoseeingyou.Yourssincerely,LiMing【参考范文】欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网
122、，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Emergingfromthecartoonisaneye-catchingscenethata massofgraduatesareata criticalturningpointon thewaytothefuture.Avarietyofchoices,suchasfindinga job,goingfurthereducationorabroad,anddoingpioneeringwork,lieinfrontofthem.Theimplicationechoedby thiscartooncanbesummarizedasa ph
123、ilosophictopicinourdailylife：thesuccessofa manisdirectlyrelatedtothechoicemadeby himself.Nevertheless,I cherisha beliefthatwe cannottellwhethertheselectionisgoodornot,andaslongaswe adheretoourdecisionsuccesswillberealizedstepby step.Althoughmakingchoiceisessentialtohelpdeterminethedirectionofourway,
124、judgedfromthepersonalaspect,persistencefunctionsasan indispensabledrivingforcetokeepup ourspiritandtoassistustofulfillourstudyandwork.However,somepeople,pacingup anddown,arenotindustriousandtrytofinda short-cutsuccess.Infact,onlythosewhoarehard-workingandbraveenoughtoencounterobstaclesofallsortsarem
125、ostlikelytoreachthesummitofsuccess.Itoccurstomanythatthemostfundamentalthingtosuccessismakingagoodchoice.ButIrecommendthatgraduatesaswellasallthecitizensshouldstruggletomaketheirchoicebea reality.Fromthehighlyenlighteningdrawinggivenabove,we canseeclearlythatinthemiddleofthecartoonstanda multitudeof
126、graduates,confrontedwitha greatmanychoices,tonameonlya few,jobhunting,goingabroad,establishinga business,takingpartinthepostgraduateexamination.Whatthecartoonistryingtoinformusisquiteconspicuous-wisechoiceinourlifeisofutmostsignificanceandbenefitingusa greatdeal.Thepicturevividlydeliverssucha common
127、socialphenomenonthatnowadaysyoungsters，oncegraduatingfromuniversities，willbe facedwitha varietyofoptionsfortheirfuture.Thefirststepusuallycomeswithconfusionanduncertainty,whichmakescollegestudentswastea lotoftimewaveringfortheirchoices.However,astheoldsaying,“allroadsleadtoRome”,peopleactuallycouldm
128、asterineverywalkoflife.Forexample,Mo Yan,a well-knownChinesewriter,hasjustwonthefirstNobelPrizeforChina.Aftergraduation,hiscareercovereda widerangeandhehasdonejobslikesoldier,librarian,civilservant,etc.Neverdoeshe giveup thedreamofbeinga writerandthatiswhatheachievesatlast.Therefore,aslongaswe puten
129、ougheffortsandpassioninourplansforthefuture,everyoptioncouldbecometherightpath.Accordingly,itisimperativeforustotakesomemeasurestohelpgraduateskeepa clearmindandmakewisechoicesinthelifejourney.Itisdeeply-rootedinourmindthatonlyinthiswaycanwerealizetheirvalueoflifebetterandcantheunemploymentofgraduatesbe reducedandthuscansocialharmonybe achieved.
