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1、Translation of Contracts（重点）（重点）8.1 Basic Concept of ContractAnagreementbetweentwoormorepartiesthatisenforceablebylaw,alegallyenforceableandlegallybindingagreement.Contract is a legally enforceable agreement.99年中国合同法:ContractsreferredtointhisLawareagreementsestablishing,modifyingandterminatingtheciv
2、ilrightsandobligationsbetweensubjectsofequalfooting,thatis,betweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizations.合同英语属于庄重文体（frozenstyle），是各种英语文体中正式程度最高的一种。总体来说，这种正式性体现在内容的专业性、语言的严谨性和结构的完整性等方面。Arecentdefinitionofcontractis“therelationsamongpartiestotheprocessofprojectingexchangeintothefuture.”Oneoft
3、hemeritsofthisdefinitionisthatitstressesthatacontractestablishesaninterrelationshipamongthecontractingpartiesthatisbroaderthantheirpromisesandagreement.8.2 The Structure of a Contract/Standardizing the Structure8.2.1Preambleofacontract8.2.2Mainbodyofacontract8.2.3Finalclausesofacontract/witnessclaus
4、eHow to check the contracts?*ValidityClauseofContracts*DefinitionandWhereas*AssignmentandGuaranty*RescissionandTermination*DefaultandEscape*ArbitrationandJurisdiction8.2.1 Preamble of a contract国际商务合同的前言部分，主要包括两个方面国际商务合同的前言部分，主要包括两个方面的内容：的内容：其一，说明合同签订的其一，说明合同签订的时间、地点以及合同双时间、地点以及合同双方的名称方的名称、营业地点、依某国某
5、法成立和存在。、营业地点、依某国某法成立和存在。 其二，其二，“鉴于条款鉴于条款”（whereas clause），），说明签订合同的背景情况以及签约的目的和原说明签订合同的背景情况以及签约的目的和原则。则。Example: (1)THIS CONTRACT, made and entered into in (place of signature) on this _ day of _ , 20_, 本合同于本合同于本合同于本合同于20_年年_月月_日日在在在在（签约地点）（签约地点）by and between (name of the party), a corporation duly
6、 organized and existing under the laws of (name of country) with its domicile at (address) (hereinafter referred to as Party A), 由由由由按按（国家名称）（国家名称）法律组建成立的，法律组建成立的，营业地点在（公司地址）营业地点在（公司地址）的的_公司公司（以下称作（以下称作甲方甲方）and (name of the party), a company incorporated and existing under the laws of (name of count
7、ry) with its domicile at (address) (hereinafter referred to as Party B)，和和和和按（按（国家名称国家名称）法律注册成立的、）法律注册成立的、营业地点在（公司地址）营业地点在（公司地址）的的_公司（以下简称公司（以下简称乙方乙方）共同签订共同签订共同签订共同签订.Exe.Exe.本本本本合合合合同同同同由由由由中中国国ABC公公司司， 总总公公司司设设于于于于中中国国上上海海（以以下下简简称称卖卖方方）与与与与美美国国XYZ公公司司， 总总公公司司设设于于于于美美国国纽纽约约州州纽纽约约市市（以以下下简简称称买买方方）于于于
8、于1998年年3月月29日日订立于订立于订立于订立于中国上海，双方同意按下述条件买卖下列货物：中国上海，双方同意按下述条件买卖下列货物：This contract is madeThis contract is made this 29th day of March, 1998 inin Shanghai, China by by and and betweenbetween ABC Corporation. China (hereinafter referred to as “Seller”), a Corporation having its principal office in Sha
9、nghai, China who agrees to sell,andand XYZ Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “Buyer”), a Corporation having its principal office in New York, USA, who agrees to buy the following goods on the terms and conditions as below:Exe.Exe.本合同由本合同由AA公司（以下称公司（以下称买方）和方）和BB有限公司（以下称有限公司（以下称卖方）于方）于2007年年8月月8
10、日日签定。凭此，定。凭此，买方同意方同意购买、卖方同意出售本方同意出售本货物，其条款如下物，其条款如下:This Contract is made on August 8th,2007 by and between AA Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “the Buyer”) and BB Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “the Seller”) whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the following goods
11、on the terms and conditions as follows:Preamble of a Contract双方同意按下述条款双方同意按下述条款买卖下列下列货物物.Both parties agree to buy and sell the following goods on the terms and conditions as below.买方同意方同意购买、卖方同意出售本方同意出售本货物，其条款如下物，其条款如下.The Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the following goods on the
12、 terms and conditions as follows.WITNESSETH THAT兹证明：兹证明： WHEREAS Party A has been a leading trading company in the field of the said products and is willing to arrange the manufacture, assembly and marketing of the said products, and 鉴于鉴于鉴于鉴于_ WHEREAS both parties are desirous to establish a joint v
13、enture company to manufacture, assemble and market the said products. 鉴于鉴于鉴于鉴于_ NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and mutual covenants herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows: (NOW, therefore, the parties hereto agree as follows:) 故双方经协商一致同意如下：故双方经协商一致同意如下：故双方经协商一致同意如下：故
14、双方经协商一致同意如下：8.2.2. Main body of a contract定定义条款条款（Definition clause)基本条款基本条款（Basic conditions)一般条款一般条款（General terms and conditions)a.a.合同有效期限合同有效期限 （Duration)Duration)b.b.终止止 (Termination)(Termination)c.c.不可抗力不可抗力 （Force Majeure)Force Majeure)d.d.合同的合同的让与与 （Assignment)Assignment)e.e.仲裁仲裁 （Arbitrati
15、on)Arbitration)f.f.适用法律适用法律 （governing law) governing law) g.g.诉讼管管辖 （Jurisdiction)Jurisdiction)h.h.通知手通知手续 （Notice)Notice)i.i.合同的修改合同的修改 （Amendment)Amendment)j.j.其他其他 （Others)Others)Example 2:Arbitration:All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract should be settled through friendly n
16、egotiation.一切因一切因执行执行本合同本合同引起引起的的争议争议，均应由双方友好，均应由双方友好协商协商解决。解决。Should no settlement be reached through negotiation, the case shall be submitted for arbitration in the Country where the defendant resides.如协商如协商不能解决，则不能解决，则应提交仲裁应提交仲裁，仲裁应在，仲裁应在被告被告所在国进行。所在国进行。If the arbitrationtakesplaceinChina,thecase
17、shall be submitted totheForeign Trade Arbitration CommissionoftheChinaCouncil for the Promotion of International Trade,ShanghaiandthearbitrationrulesofthisCommissionshallbeapplied.如仲裁如仲裁在中国，应提交应提交上海中国国际贸易促进委员会国际贸易促进委员会对外贸易仲裁委员会对外贸易仲裁委员会，按照其仲裁规则进行仲裁。If the arbitrationtakesplaceintheUSA,thecaseshall b
18、e submitted totheForeign Trade Arbitration CommissionofCouncilfor the Promotion of International Trade,N.Y.andthearbitrationrulesofthisarbitrationorganizationshallbeapplied.如仲裁如仲裁在美国，应提交应提交纽约国际贸易促进委员会国际贸易促进委员会对外贸易仲裁委员会对外贸易仲裁委员会，按照其仲裁规则进行仲裁。Theawardofthearbitrationshall be finalandbinding uponbothpar
19、ties.Thearbitrationfeeshall be bornbythelosingpartyunless otherwiseawardedbythearbitrationorganization.该仲裁委员会的裁决裁决为终局性的为终局性的，对双方均有约束力有约束力，仲裁费用，除非仲裁委员会另有裁定，即由败方承担。Example 1: Penalty：(1) Failure to Make Timely Delivery 未按期交未按期交货. In the event the Seller for its own sake fails to make delivery of all t
20、he goods on time as stipulated in this contract, the Seller shall pay a penalty to the Buyer. 如果如果卖方由于自身原因未能按合同规定按期交付全部货物，卖方应应向买方支付违约金。(2) Failure to Timely Open the Letter of Credit 未按期开立信用未按期开立信用证 In the event that the Buyer for its own sake fails to open the Letter of Credit on time as stipulated
21、 in this contract, the Buyer shall pay a penalty to the Seller. 如果如果买方由于自身原因未能未能按合同规定及时开立信用证，买方应应支付卖方违约金金。 Arbitration仲裁仲裁: 有关本合同有关本合同买卖双方之双方之间所引起的任何所引起的任何纠纷，争，争议,或歧或歧见,可可付付诸仲裁仲裁. .Arbitration: Any disputes, controversies or differences which may arise between the parties in connection with this Con
22、tract may be referred to arbitration. Arbitration 仲裁条款仲裁条款: (1) 凡因履行本合同所凡因履行本合同所发生的或与本合同有关的任何争生的或与本合同有关的任何争议,双方双方应通通过友好友好协商商解决解决.如果通如果通过协商仍不能达成商仍不能达成协议时,应提交仲裁解决提交仲裁解决. (2) 仲裁裁决是仲裁裁决是终局的局的,对双方均有双方均有约束力束力. (3)除非仲裁委除非仲裁委员会另有裁定会另有裁定,仲裁仲裁费用由用由败诉方方负担担. Arbitration: (1) Any dispute arising from the executi
23、on or in connection with the Contract shall be settled through friendly negotiation. In case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the dispute shall be submitted for arbitration (2) The arbitration award shall be final and binding upon both parties. (3) The arbitration fee shall be borne
24、 by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the commission.Example 3：Force MajeureNeitherpartyshallbeheldresponsibleforfailureordelaytoperform alloranypartofthisContractdue toflood,fire,earthquake,snowstorm,hailstorm,hurricane,war,governmentprohibitionoranyothereventsthatareunforeseeableattheti
25、meoftheexecution ofthisContractandcouldnotbecontrolled,avoidedorovercomebysuchparty.任何一方如果由于洪水、火灾、地震、雪暴、雹暴、龙卷风、战争、政策禁令或其他在合同签订时无法预见并不能控制、不可避免或无法克服的事件致使不能或迟延履行合同的全部或一部分时，该方不承担责任。However,thepartywhoseperformanceisaffectedbytheeventof Force Majeureshallgiveanoticetotheotherpartyofitsoccurrenceassoonasp
26、ossibleandacertificateoradocumentoftheoccurrenceoftheForce Majeureeventissuedbytherelativeauthorityoraneutralindependentthirdpartyshallbesenttotheotherpartybyairmailnotlaterthan15daysafteritsoccurrence.但是，受不可抗力影响不可抗力影响的一方应应立即通知另一方，并不晚于事件发生后15天向另一方航空邮寄有关当局或独立的中立第三方出具的发生此种事件的证明书或文件。Force Majeure 如果不可抗
27、力事件持续如果不可抗力事件持续120天以上天以上,任何一方有权终止合同任何一方有权终止合同. In the event that Force Majeure lasts over 120 days, both parties shall have the right to terminate the contract.Force Majeure因不可抗力致使卖方不能或推迟交货时,卖方不负责任.IncaseofForceMajeure,thesellershallnotbeheldresponsibleforlatedeliveryornon-deliveryofthegoods.由于战争,水灾
28、,火灾,台风,地震或其他不可抗力原因,致使卖方不能在合同规定期限内交货或不能交货,卖方不负责任.IncaseofForceMajeuresuchaswar,fire,flood,typhoonandearthquakeorothereventsofForceMajeure,thesellershallnotbeheldresponsiblefordelayindeliveryornon-deliveryofthegoods.Example4. Claims: Exceptthoseclaimsforwhichathirdpartyisliable,shouldthequality,specif
29、ications,quantity,weight,packingandrequirementsforsafetyorsanitation/hygieneofthegoodsbefoundnotinconformitywiththestipulationstothiscontract,theBuyershallgiveawrittennoticeofclaimstotheSellerandshallhavetherighttolodgeclaimsagainsttheSellerbasedontheInspectionCertificateissuedbytheInspectionOrganiz
30、ationprovidedinClauses14.2tothisContractwithin21daysfromthedateofcompletionofunloadingofthegoodsattheportofunloading.Intheeventofnonconformity,theSellershallpromptlyrepairorreplacesuchgoodsorsupplythequantitythatisdeficient. 除了第三方应负责任的索赔，如发现货物的质量、规格、数量、重量、包装及涉及安全或卫生/保健等方面和合同的规定不一致，买方应对卖方发出书面通知并有权根据第
31、14条第2款中所述的有关检验当局出据的检验证书对卖方提出索赔。索赔应在卸货港卸货完成后21天内提出。如发生不一致，卖方应立即修理或更换这些货物或补充数量。 In the event that the Buyer does not make such claim within the above-mentioned time-limit, the Buyer shall forfeit its right to make a claim with respect to the quantity deficiency or the apparent quality defect. 如果买方未在上述
32、期限内提出索赔，则买方将视为放弃对货物数量不足或明显的质量瑕疵索赔的权利。 Example 5. Termination: 合同的解除合同的解除Exceptasprovidedelsewhere,thisContractmaybeterminatedineitherofthefollowingcases:除非另有约定，该合同将在下述情况下解除：1)Throughmutualwrittenagreementbybothparties;双方共同达成书面协议；2)Iftheotherpartyfailstoperformitsobligationswithinthetime-limitagreedu
33、poninthisContract,andfailstoeliminateorremedysuchbreachwithin7daysfollowingthereceiptofthenoticethereoffromthenon-breachingparty.如果另一方未能在合同约定的时间内履行其义务，并且在收到未违约方通知后起七天内未能消除违约或采取补救措施Insuchcasethenon-breachingpartyshallgiveawrittennoticetotheotherpartytoterminatethisContract.在此情况下，未违约方应书面通知违约方解除合同。8.2.
34、3 Final clauses of a contract/witness clause结尾条款主要应明确的内容有：(1)合同使用的文字及其效力使用的文字及其效力 (Languagesinwhichthecontractistobewrittenanditsvalidity)。(2)有时还应订立对合同进行修改或补充的内容对合同进行修改或补充的内容，并明确在合同结尾规定附件附件为本合同不可分割的组成部分。(3) 在合同结尾部分还应明确规定：合同在双方授权代表签字后合同在双方授权代表签字后正式生效正式生效。 Example 11.This Contract is made out in two o
35、riginals,eachcopywritteninChineseandEnglishlanguages,bothtextsbeingequallyvalid.Incaseofanydivergence of interpretation,theChinesetextshallprevail. 本合同正文一式两份，分别以中文和英文书写，两种文本具有同等效力。若对其解释产生异议，则(将将)以中文本为准。2.Anyamendment and/or supplementtothiscontractshallbevalid onlyaftertheauthorizedrepresentativesof
36、bothpartieshavesignedwrittendocuments(s),formingintegral part(s)ofthisContract.本合同的任何修改和补充修改和补充，只有在双方授权的代表授权的代表在书面文件上签字后才才能生效生效，并成为本合同不可分割的不可分割的组成部分。3.ThisContractshallcome into forceafterthesignaturesbytheauthorized representativesofbothparties.本合同将将在双方授权代表签字后正式生效。Example 2 本合同的本合同的签署需在署需在见证人出席下人出席
37、下经双方双方签字字.自自买卖双方双方签署之日起生效。署之日起生效。 本合同用中文和英文两种文字写成本合同用中文和英文两种文字写成,一式两份一式两份, 双方各双方各执一份一份.如中文本与英如中文本与英文本出文本出现差异差异,以英文本以英文本为准准. This Contract shall be signed by the Buyer and the Seller in the presence of witness and be effected commencing from the date of signing. This contract shall be made in duplica
38、te, both in English and Chinese and Each Party shall keep one copy. In case of any discrepancies between the Chinese and the English copy, the English copy shall govern. Example 3. 本合同用中英文两种文字写成本合同用中英文两种文字写成,两种文字具有同等效力两种文字具有同等效力,自自双方代表双方代表签(盖章盖章)之日起生效之日起生效. 买方代表方代表 (签字字): _ 卖方代表方代表 (签字字): _This Cont
39、ract shall be written in Chinese and English. Both versions are equally authentic. This Contract shall come into effect since being signed / sealed by both parties. Representative of the Buyer (Signature) : _ Representative of the Seller (Signature) : _ 本合同用中文和英文两种文字写成本合同用中文和英文两种文字写成,一式两份一式两份, 双方各双方
40、各执一份中文正本和一份一份中文正本和一份英文正本英文正本. 两种文本具有同等效力两种文本具有同等效力.本合同自双方授本合同自双方授权代表代表签字之日起生效。字之日起生效。 This contract is made out in duplicate in Chinese and English language, one Chinese original copy and one English original copy for each Party, both texts being equally authentic. This contract shall come into forc
41、e from the date it is signed by the authorized representatives of both parties. This Contract shall be written in Chinese and English in duplicate. Both versions are equally authentic. This Contract shall come into effect since being signed by the authorized representatives of both parties.本合同经双方签字生
42、效本合同经双方签字生效,有效期两年有效期两年.The contract shall come into effect as soon as it is duly signed by both parties and shall remain effective for two years.in witness whereof / thereof “兹证明兹证明” 一般合同结尾一般合同结尾, 有时大写有时大写IN WITNESS WHEREOF / THEREOF, 表示所签合同表示所签合同事项的证据事项的证据.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Contract in duplicate by their authorized representatives.WITNESS: _ WITNESS:_Party A:_ Party B:_兹证明兹证明: 本合同由双方授权代表签定本合同由双方授权代表签定,一式两份一式两份.见证人见证人:_ 见证人见证人:_甲方甲方:_ 乙方乙方:_此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！
