Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译课件

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1、Lecture 3英汉句子内部衔接的英汉句子内部衔接的差异与省译和增译差异与省译和增译8/1/20241Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译ContentsII. Cohesive Devices I. Remarks III. Omission in TranslationIV. Addition in Translation 8/1/20242Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译I. Remarks1.奈达Translating meaning(译意):就汉语和英语而言，也许在语言学中最重要的一个区别就是形合与意合的对比(contrastbetweenhypotaxis

2、andparataxis)8/1/20243Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译2.傅雷：东方人与西方人的思维方式有基本分歧，我人重综合，重归纳，重暗示，重含蓄；西方人则重分析，细微曲折，挖掘唯恐不尽，描写唯恐不周。3.汉语学家王力：西洋语法是硬的，没有弹性；中国语法是软的，富有弹性。所以中国语法以达意为主。英国人写文章往往化零为整，而中国人写文章却往往化整为零。8/1/20244Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译4.龚光明：形合注重的是显性接应(overtcohesion),以形显义；意合注重的是隐性连贯(covertcoherence),以意统形。8/1/20245L

3、ecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译 ChineseEnglishSemanticLanguageGrammaticalLanguageCovertCoherenceOvert CohesionParataxisHypotaxis8/1/20246Lecture 3 英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译II. Cohesive Devices 照应(reference)省略(ellipsis)替代(substitution)连接(conjunction)词汇衔接(lexical cohesion)8/1/20247Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译1. 照应照应(referenc

4、e)人称照应 personal reference照应指示照应 demonstrativereference 比较照应 comparativereference8/1/20248Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译1）人称照应通过人称代词（they,she,him）、所属限定词(his,your,its)和所属代词（hers,mine,theirs）实现。英语人称代词及相应限定词的使用频率大大高于汉语。8/1/20249Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译孔乙己是站着喝酒而穿长衫的唯一的人。他身材高大；青白脸色，皱纹间时常夹些伤痕；一副乱蓬蓬的花白的胡子。穿的虽然是长衫，可

5、是又脏又破，似乎十多年没有补，也没有洗。Kongwastheonlylong-gownedcustomertodrinkhiswinestanding.Hewasabigman,strangelypallid,withscarsthatoftenshowedamongthewrinklesofhisface.Hehadalargeunkemptbeard,streakedwithwhite.Althoughheworealonggown,itwasdirtyandtattered,andlookedasifithasnotbeenwashedormendedforovertenyears.(Y

6、angXianyi&GladysYang)8/1/202410Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译2.指示照应说话人通过指明事物在时间和空间上的远近（proximity）来确定所指对象。汉语“这”，“那”，英语“this”,“that”。语义相同但指称功能不同。汉语的“这”起化远为近的作用，功能负荷量大于“那”，使用频率也高于“那”，但英语中恰恰相反。8/1/202411Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译我也十分得意这幅“大作”，并没有感觉到是对老师的不尊重。Iwasnaturallyproudofmymasterpiece,withouttheslightestidea

7、thatitwasanastyinsulttohim.8/1/202412Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译这倒难以定说。可是你只要看看这儿的小客厅，就得到了解答。这里面有一个金融界的大亨，又有一位工业界的巨头；这小客厅就是中国社会的缩影。Itsatallorder,yourquestion.Butyoucanfindananswerinthenextroom.Thereyouhaveasuccessfulfinancierandacaptainofindustry.ThatlittledrawingroomisChinesesocietyinminiature8/1/202413

8、Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译3.比较照应通过形容词和副词的比较等级形式以及其他有比较意义的词语（same,so,as,such,differently,otherwise）表示照应关系。语篇中其承上启下的作用。因为任何比较至少涉及两个实体或事态，如有表达比较意义的词语出现，会话参与者或读者会在上下文寻找与其构成比较关系的其他词语，由此形成语篇的衔接。8/1/202414Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译Jimvisitshisgrandmaeveryweek,butIneverknewhedoesthatsooften.Bothteamsclaimanotherg

9、ame.Itmustbecolderinthecountryside,Imafraid.8/1/202415Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译2.省略省略(ellipsis) 省略指篇章中句子或小句中一些基本成分的缺省，被省略的部分要借助于上下文才能发现。省略可看作是一种特殊的替代零替代（substitutionbyzero）。包括名词性省略（nominalellipsis）动词性省略（verbalellipsis）分句性省略（clausalellipsis）。8/1/202416Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译PeoplehavevariousaimsSome(pe

10、ople)wanttoearnmuchmoneySome(people)wanttobefamous。Haveyouhandedinthepaper?Yes,Ihave().Inthepast,theywoulddismissthekidswithsomemoneyasagiftforthelunarNewYear,butnot()nowadays.8/1/202417Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译3. 替代替代(substitution)替代指的是用替代形式（pro-form）去替代上下文所出现的词语。使用替代既是为了避免重复，也是为了连接上下文。替代主要有:名词性替代（no

11、minalsubstitution）动词性替代（verbalsubstitution）分句性替代（clausalsubstitution）8/1/202418Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译1）Lookatthesunsetglow,Ihaveneverseenaredderonethanthat.2）Ithinkyoumaylikethispen.Ifyoudo，youcantakeitawayasagift.3）Theweathermansaidthatitwasgoingtoraintomorrow.Ifso,wewillstayathome4）你画得不像，等我来。5）他们

12、总是把房间搞得乱七八糟，你怎么也这样呢？8/1/202419Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译4. 连接连接(conjunction) 连接是通过连接成分体现语篇中的种种逻辑关系的手段。连接关系是通过连接词、某些副词或词组实现。连接手段的标记是各种连接词。连接词是语篇中的“谋篇机制”，它是语篇构建的重要因素。Halliday和Hasan(1976)将英语的连接分为增补(additive)，转折(adversative)，原因(causal)，时间(temporal)。8/1/202420Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译1)增补型：and、furthermore、wha

13、tsmore、inaddition,besides,aswellAnnewasateacherandformerstudentatschoolfortheblindinBoston.Shehadhadeyesightproblemsearlyinlifeaswell.8/1/202421Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译2)原因型：since,as，because,nowthat,dueto,owingto,thankstoNowthatHelenunderstoodthekeytolanguage,shewaseagertolearnmoreanduseitasmuchasshe

14、could.AsHelensknowledgeandvocabularyexpanded,sheaskedmoreandmorequestions.8/1/202422Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译3)转折型：although,though，nevertheless,eventhough，however，ontheotherhand,otherwiseThemeaningoflovewasstillnotapparenttoHelenbutshekeptontryingtounderstand.8/1/202423Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译4)时间型：whe

15、n,while,as,before,afterShehadabreakthroughwhileworkingonasimpletask.ShewasmakingnecklaceswiththehelpofMissSullivanwhenshenoticedthatshehadmadesomemistakes.8/1/202424Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译5. 词汇衔接词汇衔接(lexical cohesion)词汇衔接指通过词的重复、同义、反义、上下义、互补、同现等词汇间的语义关系来实现语篇连贯。运用这些词可以产生很强的粘合力，形成一张“词汇网”(lexiconnetwor

16、k),赋予语篇连贯性。分为两大类：复现(reiteration)同现(collocation)8/1/202425Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译5.1. 复现关系复现关系1)原词复现2)同义词或近义词复现（synonyms&near-synonyms)3)上义词和下义词复现(superordinate&hyponym)8/1/202426Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译原词复现原词复现乡镇工业园区已经成为我市乡镇企业“二次创业”的有效载体，极大地改善了企业的发展环境。目前已有3772家企业进驻园区。Townshipindustrialzonesprovidesol

17、idvehiclesforthecitysenterprisesinrunningnewbusinessesandgreatlyimprovethesettingforthedevelopmentofsuchentities.Sofar,3772establishmentshavefoundhomeinthesequarters.8/1/202427Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译同义词和近义词复现同义词和近义词复现孔乙己便涨红了脸，额头上的青筋条条绽出，争辩道：“窃书不能算偷窃书读书人的事，能算偷么？”AtthatKongYijiwouldflush,theveinsonhis

18、foreheadstandingoutasheprotested,“TakingbookscantbecountedasstealingTakingbooksforascholarcantbecountedasstealing.”8/1/202428Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译上下义词复现上下义词复现普之仁领着我穿着茶花走，指点着告诉我这叫大玛瑙，那叫雪狮子，这是蝶翅，那是大紫袍，名目花色多得很。后来他攀着一株茶树的小干枝说:“这叫童子面，花期迟，刚打着朵，开起来颜色深红，倒是最好看的。”（杨朔茶花赋）Takingmethroughthegrovesofcamellias,P

19、uZhirentoldmethenamesofdifferentvarieties:GiantAgate,Snowlion,ButterflyWing,GiantPurpleRobeandmanyothers.Then,takingholdofasmallbranchofacamelliatree,hesaid,“ThisisBabyFace.Asitbloomslate,itsonlyjustinbud.Withdeepredblossoms,itsreallymostbeautiful.”8/1/202429Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译Thereisnothinginth

20、ehighcomedyoftheworldsoadmirablyasthespecialdepartmentcalledFame.在这个极富色彩的人间喜剧舞台上，还没有什么能比作“名声”的这一特别场景（剧目）更让人叹为观止。8/1/202430Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译5.2.同现关系Halliday&Hasan认为：同现关系指词汇在语篇中共同出现的倾向性(co-occurrencetendency)。在语篇中，围绕着一定的话题，一定的词往往同时出现，而其他一些词就不大可能出现或根本不会出现。词汇的同现关系包括：反义关系、互补关系、局部-整体关系、搭配关系等。如：catch

21、和cold，ill和doctor，big和small，corn和planter8/1/202431Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译Iseealsothedull,drilled,docile,brutishmassesoftheHunsoldieryploddingonlikeaswarmofcrawlinglocusts.虽然中国妇女在平等方面取得了巨大的进步,但还未完全实现平等就业机会。ItistruethatChinesewomenhavemadeenormousstridestowardequality.Butthegoalsofequalopportunityofemp

22、loymentforwomenhavenotbeenfullyrealized.8/1/202432Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译我爱花，所以也爱养花。我可还没成为养花专家，因为没有工夫去做研究和试验。我只把养花当作生活中的一种乐趣，花开得大小好坏都不计较，只要开花，我就高兴。在我的小院中，到夏天，满是花草，小猫儿们只好上房去玩耍，地上没有它们的运动场。花虽多，但无奇花异草。珍贵的花草不易养活，看着一棵好花生病欲死是件难过的事。我不愿时时落泪。（老舍）Iloveflowers,whichleadstomyinterestingrowingthem.However,Ihaveno

23、tbecomeanexpertingrowingflowers,becauseIdonthaveenoughtimetomakeresearchesandexperiments.Ionlyregarditasakindofpleasureinlife.Itdoesntmatterwhethertheflowersbloombigorsmall,badorgood,Imcontentaslongastheybloom.8/1/202433Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译Whensummercomes,mylittleyardiscoveredwithflowers,sotherei

24、snoplaygroundforthecats,who,therefore,havetoplayontheroof.Manyastheflowersare,therearenoexoticones.Exoticflowerscantsurviveeasily.Itsverysadtoseeabeautifulflowergetillanddying.AndIdontwanttoshedmytearsfromtimetotime.8/1/202434Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译Definition Byomissionwemeanproperlyomittingsomeword

25、sorexpressionsinordertomakethetranslatedversionbrief,concise,clear,insteadofverboseorclumsy.ProperomissioninEnglish-Chinesetranslationofteninvolvestheomittingofsomewords(suchasprepositions,articles,certainpronouns,conjunctions,etc.)thatareindispensableintheSLtextbutnotintheTLtexti n t h e p r o c e

26、s s o f t r a n s l a t i o n.II. Omission in Translation8/1/202435Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译Motivation OmissionisbasedonthedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese.Onlybyomittingoraddingsomewordsorexpressionscanwemakethetranslatedversionmoreidiomaticandthusmoreexpressive.Forexample,Chinesehasnoarticlesorin

27、finitivemarkers,andpronouns,conjunctions,andprepositionsarenotasfrequentlyusedasthoseofEnglish.SowhenwetranslateEnglishsentenceswitharticlesandinfinitivemarkersintoChinese,weoftenomitthesearticlesorinfinitivemarkers8/1/202436Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译Principles1.Omissionshouldbeaimedatsmoothnessandconc

28、isenessorsuccinctness.2.Omissiondoesnotgoagainstfaithfulness.OmissiononlyinvolvesomittingwordsthataresuperfluousintheTLtextbutareindispensableintheSLtext.Omissiondoesnotmeansubtractingmeaningsfromtheoriginalwork.3.Whatisomittedmaynotbenecessarilyconfinedtocertainpartsofspeech,asthetraditionalistsoft

29、ensay.Anypartsofspeechmaybeliabletobeomitteddependinguponthecontextandthetranslatorstranslationtechniques.8/1/202437Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译ClassificationGrammatical OmissionRhetorical Omission8/1/202438Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译1. Omission of Pronoun1.1. Omit some personal pronouns as subjects 例1.Hewas

30、thinandhaggardandhelookedmiserable. 他他他他身体消瘦，面容憔悴，身体消瘦，面容憔悴，()看上去痛苦不堪。看上去痛苦不堪。 根据汉语习惯，在根据汉语习惯，在指代关系明确指代关系明确的情况下，假的情况下，假如如前后两句主语前后两句主语相同，就不必重复出现。英语相同，就不必重复出现。英语通常通常每句都有主语每句都有主语，因此做主语人称代词往往，因此做主语人称代词往往多次出现，这种代词汉译时常常可以省略。多次出现，这种代词汉译时常常可以省略。 Grammatical Omission8/1/202439Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译例2.Whethe

31、rthelawsaregoodorbad,theycannotcomplain,they cannotquestion,theycannotsuggestchanges.无论法律公正与否，他们无法抱怨、无法质疑、无法建议修改。8/1/202440Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译例3.Youcannotmakeomeletswithoutbreakingeggs.有失才有得。 当表示泛指的英语人称代词做主语时,即使是作第一主语，英译汉中往往也可以省略。8/1/202441Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译例4.Followtheriverandyouwillgettot

32、hesea 沿着河流就能找到大海。顺藤摸瓜。例5.Onemustsowbeforeonecanreap.只有播种才有收获。8/1/202442Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译1.2. Omit some pronouns as objects例1.IfyoustudyEnglishveryhardandpracticeit constantly,youwillbeabletouse itfreely. 只要努力学习英语，并经常练习不断实践只要努力学习英语，并经常练习不断实践()，就能应用，就能应用()自如。自如。例2.Thegovernmenthasputthenewcoinsi

33、ntocirculation,butonlyasmallnumberofpeoplehaveeverseenthem. 政府已经发行了新的硬币，但只有少数人见到政府已经发行了新的硬币，但只有少数人见到过。过。 8/1/202443Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译1.3. Omit possessive pronouns例1.Herdarkhairwaveduntidyacrossherbroadforehead,herfacewasshort,herupperlipshort,showingaglintofteeth,herbrowswerestraightanddark,her

34、lasheslonganddark,hernosestraight. 她一头乌黑卷发，蓬松凌乱地垂在宽阔的前额上；脸短短的，上唇薄薄的，露出一排闪亮的牙齿；眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又黑又长，鼻子笔直笔直的。8/1/202444Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译例2.Allthefellowsgatheredaround,stretchingtheirneckslikegeese.所有的小伙子都聚拢来，像鹅一样伸长脖子。英语句子中的物主代词出现的频率相当高。一个句子往往会出现好几个物主代词，如果将每个物主代词都翻译出来，那么汉语译文就显得非常罗嗦。所以在没有其他人称的物主代词出现的情况下，

35、在翻译时物主代词大多被省略。8/1/202445Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译1.4. Omit “It” 英语中“it”既可用作人称代词，又可用作非人称代词、先行代词或强调句型中,而后几种用法汉译时常省略。例1.Itisdeadquietandextremelydarkoutside. 外面万籁俱寂，一片漆黑。8/1/202446Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译例2.Insufficientpowermadeitdifficulttostartthemotor.电力不足，马达难以启动。例3. Itisonlyshallowpeoplewhojudgebyappe

36、arances.只有浅薄的人才以貌取人。8/1/202447Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译 2.Omission of Conjunction2.1. 省略并列连接词省略并列连接词 例1.Helookedgloomyand troubled.他看上去有些忧郁不安。例2.Onemorestepandyouareadeadman.再走一步你就死定了。 8/1/202448Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译2.2.省略主从连接词省略主从连接词(因果、条件、时间等因果、条件、时间等)例1.IknewthetrainwascomingasIhadseenthepassenge

37、rsswarmintotheplatform.我看到乘客们涌向站台，知道火车就要进站了。例2.Just liketheever-changingweather,peopleslifeisunpredictable.天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。 8/1/202449Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译例3.Whenthemassesareofoneheart,everythingbecomeseasy.群众齐心协力了，一切事情就好办了。（众人一心，其力断金。）8/1/202450Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译3.Omission of Preposition例1.Now

38、complaintsareheardinallpartsofthatcountry.目前该国各地怨声载道。例2.Weshouldgraduallyeliminatethedifferencesbetweentownandcountry. 我们应当逐步消灭城乡差别。8/1/202451Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译例3.Thesupplyofoilcanbeshutoffunexpectedlyatanytime,andinanycase,theoilwellswillallrundryinthirtyyearsorsoatthepresentrateofuse.石油供应可能随时

39、被切断，不管怎样，以目前的这种消费速度，只需30年左右所有的油井都会枯竭。8/1/202452Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译4.Omission of Article例1.Thefoxmaygrowgrey,butnevergood.狐狸会变老，但绝不会变好。例2.Agentlemanwilldieforonewhoappreciateshisworthwhileawomanwillbeautifyherselfforonewhoattractsher.士为知己者死，女为悦己者容。8/1/202453Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译冠词不可省略的情况冠词不可省略的

40、情况不定冠词指不定冠词指“一一”、“每一每一”“同一同一”时；时；1)Hestaredatmewithoutsayingaword.他瞪着我，一言不发。2)Thechildrenareofanage.这些孩子同同岁。定冠词the强调“这”、“那”时。e.g.Ilostmywatchyesterday.IboughtthewatchinHiroshima.我的手表昨天丢了。那块那块表是我在广岛买的。8/1/202454Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译 Unlesstheorderisexecutedwithinthreeweeks,weshallhavetocancelit.除非这

41、张订单能于三周内履行，否则本公司不得不将它取消。IcannotrememberaChristmaswhenitsnowedsomuch.我想不起哪一年的圣诞节下过这么大的雪。8/1/202455Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译Rhetorical Omission1.原文重复词语的省译原文重复词语的省译例1.Insteadofoneoldwomanknockingmeaboutandstarvingme,everybodyofallageknockedmeaboutandstarvedme.那时打我，让我挨饿的不只是一个老太婆，而是老老少少各式各样的人。例2.Thetruejoy

42、ofjoysisthejoythatjoysinthejoyofothers.独乐乐不如众乐乐。8/1/202456Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译 2. 根据汉语习惯，省略可有可无的词根据汉语习惯，省略可有可无的词 Neitherpartyshallcancelthecontractwithoutsufficientcauseorreason.双方均不得无故解除合同。（如果没有足够的原因或理由，双方均不能解除合同)、 Thepriceoftheproductsshouldbefixedbythetwopartiesat a levelthatwillbringprofittob

43、oth.产品价格应该由双方共同商定，（价格水平）须照顾到双方的利益。8/1/202457Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译Remember:youarenotanyoldTom,DickorHarrygivinghisopinion.Youarea manwhowassentasarepresentativeofBritishGovernment.你要记住，你不是一个普普通通的老百姓，可以随便发表意见。你是英国政府派出的代表。8/1/202458Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译3. 省译原文某些谨慎的表达省译原文某些谨慎的表达Forfurtherinformation

44、regardingthissystem,referencemay be madetoU.S.Pat.No.4374986.欲知本系统详情，可参阅4374986号美国专利。We take this opportunitytoinformyouthatwearenowin positiontomakepromptshipmentofthemerchandize.兹奉告，该产品可即期装运。8/1/202459Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译III. Addition in Translation1. Syntactical Addition2.Semantic Addition3. R

45、hetorical Addition4. Cultural Addition8/1/202460Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译1. Syntactical Addition1.1. Add what is omitted in the original例1.Betterbe wise by the defeat ofothersthanbyyourown.从别人的失败中汲取教训比从自己的失败中汲取教训更好。例2.Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。

46、8/1/202461Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译例3.Wedontretreat，weneverhaveandneverwill.我们不后退，我们从没有后退过后退过，将来也决不后退后退。例4.Havingalotofadvantages,thismachinewilleventuallybebereplaced.尽管这台机器有很多优点,但它总有一天会被别的机器所别的机器所替代。8/1/202462Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译1.2 Add when a verb or prep is followed by several objectsIgnorancei

47、sthemotheroffearaswellasofadmiration. 无知是羡慕的无知是羡慕的根源根源，也是恐惧的，也是恐惧的根源根源。Peopleforgetyourfacefirst,thenyourname. 人们首先人们首先忘记忘记你的容貌，接着又你的容貌，接着又忘记忘记你的你的名字。名字。8/1/202463Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译2.1. 一一语语双双叙叙法法（把适用于某一事物的词语顺势用到另外一事物上的方法。在同一个句子里一个词可以修饰或者控制两个或更多的词，它可以使语言活泼，富有幽默感。）She opened the door and her hea

48、rt to thehomelessboy. 她向这个无家可归的男孩打开了大门，也就向他敞开了心扉。2. Semantic Addition8/1/202464Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译Hecaughtabusandacold.他赶上了公共汽车，也赶上了一场感冒。Hetookmyadviceandmywallet.他接受了我的建议，也掏空了我的钱包。Helosthiscoatandhistemper. 他丢了上衣，便发了脾气。8/1/202465Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译whenIandmysorrowsaredust.(The Tale of Two C

49、ities) 等到我的尸骨化为灰烬，我的悲哀也随风散去时。weepingeyesandhearts 一双流泪的眼睛，一颗哭泣的心灵8/1/202466Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译2.2. Add what is impliedHealsofound the timeforcarryingoutatleasttwopassionateloveaffairs. 他也忙里偷闲，至少有过两次艳遇。Hewaswrinkledandblack,withscantgrayhair. 他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发稀疏灰白。Shefelttheflowerswereinherfingers,on

50、herlips,growinginherbreast.她觉得她好像手里拿着花，嘴里吻着花，连胸中也生出了花。 8/1/202467Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译Revieweachcomponentcarefully,stepbystep,withakindofrelationalparanoia.每个环节都要一步一步地认真检查，有点像换上轻度疑心病那样的检查。每个环节都要反复斟酌，做到认真仔细地检查、一步一步地检查，甚至有点象患上轻度疑心病那样一遍一遍地检查。8/1/202468Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译有工作经验优先录取。Theapplicantswit

51、htheworkingexperiencewillreceivepreferenceoverthosewhohavenot.平均每位业主需为住房的四通缴纳5000元左右。Theproprietorshallpayabout5000yuanontheaverageforthefacilitiesforroads,water,electricityandgas.8/1/202469Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译Theinflationdistortsoureconomicdecisions,penalizesthriftandcrushesthestrugglingyoungand

52、thefixed-incomeelderlyalike.通货膨胀使我们在经济方面的决定不能顺利执行，使节俭的人反而受到惩罚，并且使为生活而挣扎的年轻人和靠固定收入为生的老年人都受到严重打击。8/1/202470Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译2.3. Add overlapping words or numerals to indicate plurality Themountainsbegantothrowtheirlongblueshadowsoverthevalley. 群山开始向山谷投下一道道蔚蓝色的长影。Flowersbloomallovertheyard. 朵朵鲜花开

53、满了庭院8/1/202471Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译NewsmenwentflyingofftoMexico.记者纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。Theveryearthtrembledaswiththetrampsofhorsesandmurmurofangrymen.连大地都震动了，仿佛万马奔腾，千夫怒吼。8/1/202472Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译2.4. Add denoting tensecontrast of tenseItwassaidthathisfatherwas afisherman.Maybehe was aspoorasweare.听说，

54、从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。他过去也许跟我们现在一样穷。I was,and remain,gratefulforthepartheplayedinmyrelease.我的获释也有他的功劳。对此我过去很感激，现在仍然很感激。8/1/202473Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译2.5. Add due to specific backgroundTheUnitedStateshasnowsetupaloneliness industry.美国现在已建立了一种为孤独的人们服务的社会项目。Theblondboyquicklycrossedhimself.那个金发小男孩立刻在胸前划十字，祈求上帝

55、保佑。Nixonlearnedthatthecountrywouldwelcomeapresidentialvisit.尼克松了解到，该国欢迎美国总统的访问。8/1/202474Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译2.6. Add metaphorical meaningEveryfamilyissaidtohaveatleastone skeleton in the cupboard.俗话说，衣柜里面藏骷髅，见不得人的事家家有。Adviceandcorrectionrolloffhimlikewater off a ducks back.劝导对他好像水过鸭背似的不起作用。8/1/2

56、02475Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译3. Rhetorical Addition3.1.增加语气助词增加语气助词AsIsnooze,shetalksofanything,everything,allthethingsthatwomentalkof:books,music,dress,men,otherwomen.我这边打着盹，她那里说着女人爱说的一切，什么什么书籍啦啦、音乐啦啦、服装啦啦、男人啦啦、别的女人啦啦，五花八门，包罗五花八门，包罗万象万象。8/1/202476Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译Donttakeitseriously.Itsonlyajo

57、ke.不要认真嘛！这不过是开个玩笑而已。Thelittleboyhadbroughtwithhimknife,scissorsandsoon,tinklinginhispocket. 这小孩身带着刀子啦、剪子啦，以及诸如此类的东西，在口袋里丁铃当啷地直响8/1/202477Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译3.2. 增加四字词组，四字对偶词组或叠词增加四字词组，四字对偶词组或叠词Targetprioritieswereestablishedthere.目标的轻重缓急，孰先孰后，是在那里决定的。Buttherehadbeentoomuchpublicityaboutmycase.但我

58、的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。Ihadbeencompletelyhonestinmyreplies,withholdingnothing我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，直言无隐。8/1/202478Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译4. Cultural Addition三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedwouldequalChukehLiangthemastermind.不要班门弄斧DontshowoffyourskillwiththeaxebeforeLuBan,themastercarpenter.4.1.增补典

59、故、习语中的关键信息8/1/202479Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译世有伯乐，然后有千里马，千里马常在而伯乐不常在。OnlywhentheworldBole,whoknowsabouthorses,cantherebefinesteedsthatcancoverathousandliaday.Therearealwaysfinesteeds,butaBolecannotbefrequentlyfound.8/1/202480Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译铁饭碗“ironricebow”,Chinassystemoflifetimejobandincomesec

60、urity.八股文Eighth-partessay,prescribedfortheimperialcivilserviceexaminations-knownforitsrigidityofformandpovertyofideas 8/1/202481Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译开绿灯turnonthegreenlight(provideconveniencesforcertainaffairs,sothattheycouldproceedsmoothly)8/1/202482Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译LeMonde,theBBC,theNewYork

61、Times,theentireArabpress,allquoteHeikalregularlyatlength. 法国世界报法国世界报、英国广播公司、纽约时报和整个阿拉伯报界，都经常大段引用海卡尔的话。ThedeathofthePrincessofWalesunleashedoutpouringsofnewly-coinedhonorifics,forinstance“apresent-dayCinderellawhoseclockstruckmidnightalltoosoon.”威尔士王妃戴安娜戴安娜之死，导致有关她的新敬语如潮水一般涌流出来，比如有人说她是“当今灰姑娘，只是午夜的钟声过

62、早地敲响”。4. 2.增补说明罕见的人名、地名或其他专有名词的词语8/1/202483Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译OPEChashadtoacceptwhatitwastoldfromthestartbutchosenottobelieve:thatnon-OPECco-operationwouldnotbeforthcoming.现在，石油输出国组织（欧佩克）石油输出国组织（欧佩克）不得不接受人们一开始就告诉它的这样一个事实，即非欧非欧佩克产油国佩克产油国是不会合作的。但欧佩克欧佩克原先不愿相信这个事实。深入开展“严打”斗争和专项治理。Wecrackeddownonallc

63、riminalactivitiesandlaunched special campaigns to fight various crimes and social evils that the people detest most.4. 3.增补缩略词的解释性文字8/1/202484Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译“False friend” 由由于于中中英英两两种种语语言言产产生生的的背背景景不不同同，在在寻寻找找词词义义相相符符的的对对应应词词语语时时，容容易易找找到到貌貌似似对对应应的的假假对对应应词词，即即指指称称意意义义、言言内内意意义义或或语语用用意意义义看看似似与与

64、原原文文相相符符，实实则则相相异异的的词词语语。这这种种假假对对应应词词在在翻翻译译中中常常常常被被称称为为“假假朋朋友友”。8/1/202485Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译白菜whitecabbageChinese cabbage救火tosaveafireto fight a fire大片bigmovieblockbuster不冻港non-freezingportice-free port8/1/202486Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译隐形眼镜invisibleglassescontact lenses新闻自由freedomofnewsfreedom of

65、 press买一赠一buyone,presentonebuy one, get one free省吃俭用tosavefoodandexpensesto live frugally8/1/202487Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译早恋earlylovepuppy love蝴蝶结butterflyknot bow长镜头longlenszoom lens方便面convenientnoodlesinstant noodles8/1/202488Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译流动资金circulatingfundsworking capital拳头产品fistproduc

66、t knockout product8/1/202489Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译Exercises CommentWhenDanonedecidedtosetupmanufacturingoperationsinIndonesiatolocallyproducedairyproductsandmilk-baseddrinks,theyinvitedWahahatojointhem.达能决定在印度尼西亚开展业务，在当地生产乳制品和牛奶饮料，彼时他们邀请娃哈哈加入。8/1/202490Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译MrLiorderedabookanditha

67、sjustarrived.李先生订的一本书刚到货。Inwinter,additionaltrainsoperatedirectlyfromGoschenentoBrigonSaturdaysandSundays.冬季的每周六和周日增开了从格申恩到布里格的直达列车。8/1/202491Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译n赏析：赏析：nS君有妻，丑，为此颇感自豪，常于有靓妻之友面君有妻，丑，为此颇感自豪，常于有靓妻之友面前夸口：丑妻是宝，见了恶心，不见省心，出门前夸口：丑妻是宝，见了恶心，不见省心，出门放心，免得有第三者插足。友听毕，掩口笑道：放心，免得有第三者插足。友听毕，掩口笑道：

68、君言差矣，常言道：以为最安全的却是最危险，君言差矣，常言道：以为最安全的却是最危险，岂不闻情人眼里出西施吗？岂不闻情人眼里出西施吗？S君听毕，顿悟，叹道：君听毕，顿悟，叹道：听君一席话，胜读十年书，差一点大意失荆州！听君一席话，胜读十年书，差一点大意失荆州！ 8/1/202492Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译n Key for Reference:nS君有妻，丑，为此颇感自豪，常于有靓妻之友面前夸君有妻，丑，为此颇感自豪，常于有靓妻之友面前夸口：丑妻是宝，见了恶心，不见省心，出门放心，免得口：丑妻是宝，见了恶心，不见省心，出门放心，免得有第三者插足。有第三者插足。nMr. S

69、had an unprepossessing wife, of whom he was very proud, so much so that to his friend who had a beautiful wife, he often rave about his spouse like this, “A plain wife is an absolute treasure, unpleasant to look at, but out of sight out of mind and free from suspicion when the husband is away from h

70、ome. And there is no fear of “another man.” 8/1/202493Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译nKey for Reference:n友听毕，掩口笑道：君言差矣，常言道：以为最安友听毕，掩口笑道：君言差矣，常言道：以为最安全的却是最危险，岂不闻情人眼里出西施吗？全的却是最危险，岂不闻情人眼里出西施吗？nOn hearing this , his friend couldnt help a smile and the following comment, “Forgive me, sir, for pointing out that y

71、oure wrong there. As the saying goes, the greatest danger resides in the false sense of security. Havent you heard of love being blind?” 8/1/202494Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译n Key for Reference:nS君听毕，顿悟，叹道：听君一席话，胜读十年书，君听毕，顿悟，叹道：听君一席话，胜读十年书，差一点大意失荆州！差一点大意失荆州！nSuddenly and thoroughly enlightened by his friends kind warning, Mr. S sighed with feeling, “ How true it is that one can learn more from the talk with a wise person than from ten years reading! Otherwise I may lose her through oversight.” 8/1/202495Lecture3英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译Thank you!Thank you!8/1/202496Lecture 3 英汉句子衔接的差异与省译和增译