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1、独立主格结构独立主格结构常见类型及其用法常见类型及其用法 一、独立主格结构的构成形式一、独立主格结构的构成形式1 1、逻辑主语、逻辑主语+ +V-ingV-ing这这种种构构成成形形式式内内部部的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是分分词词的的动动作作执执行行者者，分分词词表表示示的的动动作作不不是是整整句句主主语语发发出出的的动动作作，而而是是其其逻逻辑辑主主语语发发出出的动作。如：的动作。如： 1)._nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.BeingC.HavingbeenD.TherewasA2)_nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.Astherebein
2、gB.AstherewasC.BeingD.Therewas3)_Sunday,thelibrarydoesntopen.A.BeingB.TherebeingC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen4)_Sunday,thelibrarydoesntopen.A.AsitbeingB.BeingC.ItisD.Asitis B C D2 2、逻辑主语、逻辑主语+ +V-edV-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。1)_,thetrainstarted.A.ThesignalgivenB.GivingthesignalB.Thesign
3、albeinggivenD.Thesignalgiving2)_,thetrainstarted.A.AfterhavinggiventhesignalB.AfterthesignalgivenC.GivingthesignalD.AfterthesignalwasgivenA D BA3)_,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.ExplainingnewwordsB.NewwordsexplainedC.BeingexplainednewwordsD.Havingexplainednewwords4)_,thetextbecameeasierforustole
4、arn.WhennewwordswereexplainedExplainingnewwordsNewwordsexplainingBeingexplainednewwords3、逻辑主语逻辑主语+形容词（副词）形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主主系系表表”结构。如：结构。如：1)_,thepatientcanleavethehospital.A.BetterconditionsB.ConditionsbetterC.ConditionsarebetterD.Beingbetterconditions2)_,thepatientcanleavethehospi
5、tal.A.IfbetterconditionsB.IfconditionsbetterC.IfconditionsarebetterD.BeingbetterconditionsBC3._,wedliketogoouting.A.BeingSundayB.SundayOKC.SundayisOKD.IfSundayOK4._,wedliketogoouting.A.IfSundayisOKB.SundaybeingOKC.SundayOKD.A,BandC5._,youcanwaitawhile.A.TheplaybeingstillonB.TheplaystillonCBeingstill
6、ontheplayD.AandBBDD在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或（或having been）不能省略。）不能省略。 (1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词代词时。如：ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。(2)在There being名词的结构中。如：Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：1 1、原因状语、原因状语该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原
7、因状语从该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：句。如：1)._ 1)._ no bus, we had to walk home.no bus, we had to walk home. A.There being B.As there was A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B C.There was D.A and B2)._Sunday, the library doesnt 2)._Sunday, the library doesnt open.open.A.ItbeingB.AsitisC.BeingD.
8、AandBAD3._, I had to ask for two days3._, I had to ask for two days leave. leave.A.Mother being ill B.Mother ill A.Mother being ill B.Mother ill C.As mother was ill D. A,B and CC.As mother was ill D. A,B and C4._, we have to work late into 4._, we have to work late into the night.the night.A.Theexam
9、nearB.TheexambeingnearC.AstheexamisnearD.A,BandCDD2 2、时间状语时间状语独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when, as soon as, after等引导的时间状语等引导的时间状语从句。如：从句。如：1._,thetrainstarted.A.ThesignalgivenB.AfterthesignalwasgivenC.GiventhesignalD.AandB2._,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.NewwordsexplainedB.Whennewwordsw
10、ereexplainedC.WhenteacherexplainednewwordsD.alltheaboveDDDD3、条件状语、条件状语 独独立立主主格格结结构构作作条条件件状状语语时时可可以以改改为为由由if引引导导的的条件状语从句。如：条件状语从句。如：1)._,wellgotovisittheGreatWall.A.WeatherpermittingB.IfweatherpermitsC.IfpermittingD.AandB2.)_,thepatientwillrecoverhimselfsoon.A.IfthetreatmentisintimeB.Thetreatmentinti
11、meC.ThetreatmentbeingintimeD.A,BandC 4、伴随状语、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：并列谓语。如：1).Wehavelessonseveryday,_.A.SundayincludedB.SundayincludingC.SundayisincludingD.alltheabove2).Theboyfellasleep,_.A.caponheadB.withacaponheadC.acaponwasonheadD.alltheaboveAA 3.Father came home,_
12、3.Father came home,_ A.adogfollowinghimB.followedbyadogC.beingfollowedbyadogD.alltheaboveD分词、独立主格和分词、独立主格和“with + with + 复合宾语复合宾语”作状语的区别作状语的区别分分词词结结构构、独独立立主主格格结结构构、with with + + 复复合合宾宾语语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的： 一、一、分词分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行
13、者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）。这种情况下的分词短词或现在分词被动式）。这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。 分词短语在句中常作以下状语： 1、原因状语 1._late, we had to walk home. A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.A and B 2._ busy, they had no time to play. A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the a
14、boveDD2、时间状语1._thestudentshomework,theteacherfoundalotofmistakes.A.WhenhewascorrectingB.WhenhecorrectedC.CorrectingD.alltheabove2._byyourteachers,youaresupposedtobemodest.A.WhenyouarepraisedB.PraisedC.WhenpraisedD.alltheaboveDD3、条件状语1._moretime,heissuretofinishhistestpaper.A.IfheisgivenB.IfgivenC.Gi
15、venD.alltheabove2._anotherchance,Illdomyjobbetter.A.IfIhaveB.IfhavingC.HavingD.alltheaboveDD4、伴随状语1.Father came back, _ a bag of money on his left shoulder.A.carrying B. he was carrying C.and carrying D. all the above2.Father came back, _ by a monkey.A.and he was followed B. followed C.and was follo
16、wed D. all the above DA 二、二、独立主格结构独立主格结构 和和 with + with + 复合宾语复合宾语 结构结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。如：语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。如：1._, well go fishing in the country. A. Permitting weather B. Weather permitted C. Weather permitting D. PermittingC2._
17、, he finished playing the game of chess. A. His eyes closing B. With his eyes closed C. Closed eyes D. Closed his eyes3._, I couldnt get the book I wanted. A. Closed B. Library closed C. Closing library D. With library closing BB 三三、使使用用分分词词短短语语、独独立立主主格格结结构构、with with + + 复复合合宾宾语语结结构构分分别别在在句句子子中中作作状
18、状语语时时要要注注意意：它它们们与与主主句句之之间间不不应应有有从从属属连连词词（如如when, when, if, if, as as soon soon as, as, as, as, whilewhile等等）或或并并列列连连词词（如如and, but, or, soand, but, or, so等）。例如：等）。例如：1._ the teacher told the class to go through the text A. Checking the answers B. Checking the answers and C. When checking the answers
19、and D. all the aboveA2._a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside.A. It being B. Being C. It was D. all the above3.As_a little sick, he remained at the clinic.A. feeling B. he felt C. he felling D. all the above CB 四、在使用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构、分词结构作句子的状语时，一定要看句子主语同这些结构的逻辑关系。1、当句句子子主主语语与与该该状状语语内
20、内部部动动词词之之间间有有逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓谓或或动动宾宾关关系系时时，该该状状语语可可用用分分词词结结构构或或从句表示。从句表示。 1) 1) in in thought, thought, he he almost almost ran ran into the car in front of him. into the car in front of him. A. Lost B. As he was lost A. Lost B. As he was lost C. He lost D. A and B C. He lost D. A and B D2). for the bus
21、at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief. A. Waiting B. When he was waiting C.As he was waiting D. all the above2 2、若若句句子子主主语语与与状状语语内内动动词词之之间间不不存存在在逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓谓或或动动宾宾关关系系且且状状语语内内有有自自已已的的逻逻辑辑主主语语。则则该该状状语语不不能能用用分分词词结结构构，只只能能用用独独立立主主格格结结构构、with +with +复合宾语结构或从句。如：复合宾语结构或从句。如：D1.1.The soldier fe
22、ll asleep _.The soldier fell asleep _.A. with the candle burning A. with the candle burning B. burning the candle B. burning the candle C. when he was burning the candle C. when he was burning the candle D. when burning the candleD. when burning the candle2._, the Tiananmen Square looks 2._, the Tia
23、nanmen Square looks more beautiful. more beautiful. A. Being on B. When being on A. Being on B. When being on C. With all the lights on C. With all the lights on D. When it turns on all the lightsD. When it turns on all the lightsAC3._ the notice, he had an idea. A.When he was watching B. Watching C. When watching D. all the above4._ the notice, an idea came to his mind. A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D. all the aboveDA
