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1、 Noun Clauses二、分类：二、分类：1、宾语从句：、宾语从句： Noun clauses as the object 2、表语从句：、表语从句： Noun clauses as the predicative 3、主语从句：、主语从句： Noun clauses as the subject 4、同位语从句：、同位语从句： Noun Clauses as the appositive一、定义：一、定义：在主句中起名词性作用、充当宾语、表语、主在主句中起名词性作用、充当宾语、表语、主语或同位语的从句。语或同位语的从句。 宾宾语语从从句句在在复复合合句句中中起起宾宾语语作作用用，可可以以
2、作作动动词词的的宾宾语语，也也可可以以作作介介词词的的宾宾语语。引引导导宾宾语语从句的词有从句的词有:连词：连词：that if whether；连接代词：连接代词：who whose what which；连接副词：连接副词：when where how why等。等。宾语从句宾语从句The Object Clausee.g. 1)I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fields of science.2) I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babie
3、s she had delivered.3) Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to?4) He asked whose car it was.5) Pay attention to what the doctor said.6) Please tell me when the earthquake took place.7) Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?The Object Clause做动词的宾语做动词的宾语 (1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后： e
4、.g. He doesnt know where the post office is. (2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语：有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语： e.g. He told me what I should read(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语形式宾语 it 而将从句放到补足语后面；而将从句放到补足语后面； e.g. I thought it strange that he failed to call me 我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。The Object Clause(4)在在think, beli
5、eve, suppose, expect等动等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式否定含义，则不用否定形式,而将主句谓而将主句谓语动词语动词think等变为否定形式等变为否定形式; e.g. I dont think you are right 我想你是不对的。我想你是不对的。(5) 在在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等等动动词词以以及及 Im afraid 等等后后，可可用用so代代替替一一个个肯肯定定的的宾宾语语从从句句，还还可可用用not代替一个否定的宾语从句：代替一个否定的宾语从
6、句：e.g. Do you believe it will clear up? 你认为天气会转晴吗你认为天气会转晴吗? I believe so. 我认为会这样。我认为会这样。 I dont believe so.(或或I believe not.) 我认为不会这样。我认为不会这样。The Object Clause (1)一般情况下，宾语从句直接跟在谓语一般情况下，宾语从句直接跟在谓语后后; e.g. Did she say anything about how we should do the work? (2) that引导的宾语从句只有在引导的宾语从句只有在except, in, bu
7、t, besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到等少数介词后偶尔可能用到; 做介词的宾语做介词的宾语The Object Clausee.g. Your article is all right except that it is too long (3)有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语形式宾语 it; e.g. Ill see to it that everything is ready 1.that 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句作任何成分，通常不可省略。
8、这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。的作用。e.g. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。表语从句表语从句2. whether 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 连接词连接词whether起连接作用，起连接作用， 意为意为“是否、究竟、到底是否、究竟、到底”（注意：（注意：if不能引导不能引导表语从句表语从句) 在句中也不作任何成分。在句中也不作任何成分。e.g. The question is wh
9、ether what man will turn up in time.3. what, which, who, whom, whose引引导的表语从句导的表语从句 连连 接接 代代 词词 what, which, who, whom, whose除除在在句句子子中中起起连连接接作作用用外外，还还可可在在从从句句中中从从当当主主语语、表表语、定语，且各有各的词义。语、定语，且各有各的词义。The Predicative Clausee.g. Tom is no longer what he used to be. The question is which of us should come
10、first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.4. where, when, why, how引引导导的的表表语语从从句句 连连接接副副词词where, when, why, how除除在在句句中中起起连连接接作作用用外外，在在从从句句中中还还充充当当时时间间、地地点点、方方式式、原原因因状状语语，本身具有词义。本身具有词义。The Predicative Clausee.g. Tha
11、ts where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.5. 其其他他连连词词as if, because, as, as though 引引导的表语从句导的表语从句 because引引 导导 表表 语语 从从 句句 通通 常常 只只 用用 于于“This/That/It is because”结构
12、中。结构中。 as if/though引引导导的的表表语语从从句句常常置置于于连连系系动动词词look, seem, sound, be, become等等后后面面，常常用用虚虚拟拟语语气气，表表示示不不存存在在的的动动作或状态。作或状态。The Predicative Clausee.g. It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door. My anger is because you havent written to me for a long time.1. Go and get your coat.Its_you le
13、ft it. A.there B.where C.there were D.where there BExercises2.The problem is_ he has enough time. A.if B. whether C./ D. that B3.He made a promise_ he would help me. A.what B.when C.that D.which C4.I remember_ this used to be a quiet village. A.how B.when C.where D.what B5.It is generally considered
14、 unwise to give a child_ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whereverB高考链接1.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_ . (2003北京春季北京春季)A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited A解析解析： 这是由这是由what 引导的一个表语从
15、句，在从句中充当引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为案为A。2.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that_ you had a few days off? (NMET1999)A.why B.when C.what D.where 解析解析:这是一个由这是一个由why引导的表语从句引导的表语从句,表表示原因示原因.这句话的意思是这句话的意思是这就是你离开这就是你离开的原因吗的原因吗?。故答案为。故答案为A。A3.Persevera
16、nce is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well. ( 2002上海春季上海春季) A. what B. that C. which D. why 解解析析:what在在表表语语从从句句中中作作takes的的宾宾语语,构构成成It takes sth. to do sth.的的句句型型。答答案案为为A。A4.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey ex
17、actly_ he wants . (2002上海春季上海春季) A.what B.which C.when D.that 解解析析:这这是是一一个个宾宾语语从从句句,wants后后面面缺缺少少宾宾语语,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是是一一句句谚谚语语,意意思思是是永永远远给给予他人他确实想要的东西予他人他确实想要的东西。故答案为。故答案为A。A在在复复合合句句中中做做主主语语用用的的名名词词性性从从句句称称主主语语从从句句。引引导导主主语语从从句句的的有有连连词词that ，whether， 连连接接代代词词who ，what ，w
18、hich， 连连接接副副词词when，where， how， why等。等。 主语从句：主语从句：主语从句主语从句1.连接词：连接词：1）从属连词：）从属连词：that， whether等等.that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。任何成分，但不能省略。 That she left him cut him to the heart.2)连接代词连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever What seems easy to s
19、ome people seems difficult to others.由由whether及其他连词引导的主语及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。从句放在句首，句后都可。 Whether it will please them is not easy to say.3)连接副词连接副词when，where， how， why等。等。Why he did it remains a mystery.2.位置：位置： 主语从句可以前置，也可以主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。后置。后置时后置时用用it做形式主语，把主语做形式主语，把主语从句放在句末，常用下面几种句型。从句放在句末，常用下面几种
20、句型。1）It + be + 表语表语 +主语从句主语从句表语：（名词，表语：（名词， 形容词，过去分词）形容词，过去分词）2）It+不及物动词不及物动词+主语从句主语从句It seemed (happened, doesnt matter, has turned out) that It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.It happens that they were absent.It is a fact (a shame, a pity, good news) that3) It +及物动词的被动语态及物动词的被动语态+主语
21、从句主语从句It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.注意注意:1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词末时，从属连词that在非正规语体中可在非正规语体中可以省略。以省略。误：误：They should like each other is natural.正：正：That they should like each other i
22、s natural.正：正：It is natural （that ）they should like each other.2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引引导，但是如果用导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导引导.误：误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正：正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.1.I have always been honest and straightfo
23、rward, and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom 高考链接【试析【试析】这个句子是一个由这个句子是一个由and连接的并列句。连接的并列句。And后是一个含有主语从句的结构，其主句部分后是一个含有主语从句的结构，其主句部分是是it doesnt matter, 主语从句则是主语从句则是who it is that Im talking to.而在主语从句中，又有一个而在主语从句中，又有一个定语从句，修饰定语从句，修饰who. Who既是一个引导词
24、，也既是一个引导词，也在在it is中作表语中作表语.如果再细一点，说如果再细一点，说who是是 (talking) to的介词宾语也可以。的介词宾语也可以。 2. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how 【试析【试析】主语从句中缺少做主语的成分，故选主语从句中缺少做主语的成分，故选C.3. _ made the school proud was_ more than 90
25、of the students had been admitted to key universities. （2003上海春季）上海春季）A. What; because B. What ; thatC. That ; what D. That ; because 【试析【试析】what 在此作连接代词，引导主语在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。从句，并在从句中作主语。that引导主语引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成分。从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成分。同位语从句Noun Clauses as the appositive. 1.定义：定义：在复合句中置于某一名词后，
26、在复合句中置于某一名词后，具体具体说明名词的内容的从句称为同位语从句。说明名词的内容的从句称为同位语从句。 e.g. He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon. 他告诉我一个消息他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外回国。他马上要从国外回国。 e.g. I insisted upon an answer to my question whether he was coming or not. 我坚持要求他回答我的问题：他来还是不来。我坚持要求他回答我的问题：他来还是不来。Noun Clauses as the appos
27、itive. 2.连接词：连接词：从属连词：从属连词：that, whether that引导的同位语从句中，引导的同位语从句中，that不充当成分不充当成分,只起连只起连接作用。接作用。 e.g. He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon. 他告诉我一个消息他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外回国。他马上要从国外回国。 whether引引导导的的同同位位语语从从句句，只只用用whether引引导导,不用不用if。 e.g. I insisted upon an answer to my question whethe
28、r he was coming or not. 我坚持要求他回答我的问题：他来还是不来。我坚持要求他回答我的问题：他来还是不来。e.g. The question who should go abroad hasnt been decided yet. I have no idea which one I should choose. Next comes the question what you want to put in the box. what/which/who在引导的同位语从在引导的同位语从句从句中充当成分。句从句中充当成分。 连接代词：连接代词：what, who, whic
29、h我不知道该选哪个。（定语）我不知道该选哪个。（定语）谁会出国这个问题还未决定。（主语）谁会出国这个问题还未决定。（主语） 其其次次就就是是这这个个问问题题：你你要要在在盒盒子子里里放放些些什什么么。（宾语）（宾语） 黑洞是怎样形成的，你的这个问题很难回答。黑洞是怎样形成的，你的这个问题很难回答。 连接副词：连接副词：how, why，when, wheree.g. It is difficult to answer your question about how black holes came into being. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 定语从句
30、对先行词起修饰、限制的作用；定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制的作用；同位语从句具体说明它前面的名词的内容。同位语从句具体说明它前面的名词的内容。 e.g. The news that you have heard is not true. (定语从句定语从句) 你听到的消息不真实。你听到的消息不真实。 The news that our team has won is true. (同位语从句同位语从句) 我们队获胜的消息是真的。我们队获胜的消息是真的。 that 在在定定语语从从句句中中担担任任句句子子成成分分，是是关关系系代代词词；在在同同位位语语从从句句中中不不担担任任句句子子成成分分，是是
31、从从属连词。属连词。 e.g. The fact that we talked about is very important. (定语从句定语从句) 我们所谈论的事实是非常重要的。我们所谈论的事实是非常重要的。 The fact that we succeeded pleased everybody. (同位语从句同位语从句) 我们成功了，这一事实让大家很高兴。我们成功了，这一事实让大家很高兴。 The news that there are no lives on the moon is known to us all. 同位语从句同位语从句 The news that you heard
32、 is not true. 定语从句定语从句 Have you any idea who he went with? 同位语从句同位语从句 Is there any hope that they will be home in time? The problem that you referred to doesnt exist at all. 同位语从句同位语从句 定语从句定语从句 4.高考链接：高考链接： 1. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into univ
33、ersities.(NMET2001上海上海) A. while B. that C. when D. as 2. She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)A. it B. which C. this D. that The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A.that B.
34、what C. which D. why The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B. that C. why D. whenExercises His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C. / D .it I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./ Ive come from the government with a message _
35、 the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A.which B. whether C. that D. what The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. A. that B. as C. of which D. which He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. when Thank youThank you
