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1、 Morphologyisdividedintotwosub-branches:inflectionalmorphologyandderivationalmorphology.Theformerstudiestheinflectionandthelatteristhestudyofwordformation.MorphologyEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.TheInflectionalwayofFo
2、rmationTheDerivationalWayofFormationby adding inflectional affixes.Derivation Compound(roots + affixes)(word + word)Word FormationEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.The Inflectional way of FormationInflectionindicatesgramm
3、aticalrelationsbyaddinginflectionalaffixes,suchasnumber,person,finiteness,aspectandcase;theaddingofinflectionalaffixeswillnotchangethegrammaticalclassofthestems(towhichtheyareattached).Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(a
4、)Number：table/tablesapple/applescar/cars(b)Person, finiteness, aspect：talk/talks/talking/talkedopen/opens/opening/openedshout/shouts/shouting/shouted(c)Case：boy/boysJohn/Johnsuniversity/universitysFinitenessAspectEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyrigh
5、t 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Finiteness Verbformscanbeclassifiedintotwocategories:finiteandnonfinite.ThebasicdifferencebetweenthetwocategoriesinEnglishisthatfiniteverbscanfunctionontheirownasthecoreofanindependentsentence,whereasnonfiniteverbscannot.Rather,nonfiniteverbsmustordinarilycombinewithamodal,
6、anauxiliaryverb,ortheinfinitivalparticleto. Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.A verbs -s form and past tense form are always finite, and the two participles (the -ing and -en forms) are always nonfinite. (1)a.Finiteverb:S
7、hegivesbothofthemabackrub.b.Shegavebothofthemabackrub.(2)a.Nonfiniteverb:Sheisgivingbothofthemabackrub.b.Shehasgivenbothofthemabackrub.To complicate matters a bit, a verbs bare form can be either finite or nonfinite. Bare forms that express the present tense are finite; otherwise, they are nonfinite
8、. Examples are given in (3) and (4).(3)Finiteverb:Wegivebothofthemabackrub.(4)a.Nonfiniteverb:Wewillgivebothofthemabackrub.b.Wepromisedtogivebothofthemabackrub.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.AspectASPECTreferstohowanev
9、entoractionhappenedwithrespecttotime,ratherthantoitsactuallocationintime.Inthissense,AspectcanbedividedintoProgressiveAspectandPerfectiveAspect.Theperfectiveauxiliaryisalwaysfollowedbyamainverbinthe-ed form,whiletheprogressiveauxiliaryisfollowedbyamainverbinthe-ing form.Wecanillustratethisusingthefo
10、llowingexamples:1Davidfell inloveonhiseighteenthbirthday2Davidhas falleninlove3Davidis fallinginlove Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(a)Number：table/tablesapple/applescar/cars(b)Person, finiteness, aspect：talk/talks/tal
11、king/talkedopen/opens/opening/openedshout/shouts/shouting/shouted(c)Case：boy/boysJohn/Johnsuniversity/universitysEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2
12、.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.合成名词常见的构词方法如下：合成名词常见的构词方法如下：合成名词常见的构词方法如下：合成名词常见的构词方法如下：noun compoundnoun compound1) n. + n.pen friend, classroom, newspaper, water-bottle2) adj. + n.green house, blackboard, highway, long-jump3) v-ing + n.waiting-room, swimming pool, washing machine,dining roo
13、m, writing desk, sleepingpills4) v. + n.pick-pocket, speakboxEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.5) n.+v-inghand-writing, sun-bathing6) v.+adv.warm-up, make-up(捏造), break-in(闯入,非法进入), get-together(联欢会)7) adv.+n.overcoat(外套)
14、, by-stander, outbreak8) 其他其他go-between, touch-me-not(风仙花), forget-me-not, good-for-nothing(无用的人,废物)Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.复合动词的常见构成方法如下：复合动词的常见构成方法如下：verb compoundverb compound1）N. + V. brainwash ; lipread ; b
15、abysit复合介词的常见构成方法如下；复合介词的常见构成方法如下；adjective compoundadjective compoundinto；throughoutEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.复合形容词的常见构成方法如下复合形容词的常见构成方法如下复合形容词的常见构成方法如下复合形容词的常见构成方法如下: : : :1) adj.+n.+edcold-blooded(冷漠,无情的), warm
16、-hearted, short-sighted, old-fashioned(老式的,过时的)2) adj.+v-inggood-looking, easy-going, long-lasting(耐用的)3) adv+v-inghard-working, well-meaning(善意的, 好心的), far-reaching( (深远的,广大的) )4) n.+v-ingEnglish-speaking, peace-loving, heart-breakingEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Pr
17、ofile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.6) adv.+v-edwell-known, wide-spread7) adj.+v-edwarm-hearted, ready-made( (现成的, 做好的) )8) n.+adj.self-satisfied (自满的), duty-free (免税的)注注: :在合成词中，有的连写，有的分开写，有的用连字符，在合成词中，有的连写，有的分开写，有的用连字符， 一般没有明确的规定，而只有习惯的写法。一般没有明确的规定，而只有习惯的写法。5) n.+v-edman-made, state-ow
18、ned (州立的), heart-felt(衷心的), heartbroken (悲伤的)Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.TypeExampleMore wordsType 1keyboardType 2CD-ROMType 3Mobile phonehardware, softwarehardware, softwarehigh-speedhigh-speedcomputer system compu
19、ter system search enginesearch engineEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.the endocentric compound 向心复合词 Endocentric compound is a type of compoundin which one member functions as the head and the other as its modifier,attri
20、buting a property to the head. The relation between the members of anendocentric compound can be schematized as AB is (a) B.steamboatEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.selfcontrol（自制） eyeentertaining（非常悦目的） painkiller（镇痛剂）
21、 bulletresistant（防弹的） coremeaning（核心意义） virussensitive （对病毒敏感的） footwarmer（脚炉） machine washable（能机洗的） suntanned（被太阳晒黑的） disease inhibitory（抑制病毒的）Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.the exocentric compound 离心复合词Exocentric Co
22、mpound is a term used to refer to a particular type of compound, viz. compounds that lack a head. Often these compounds refer to pejorative properties of human beings. Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd. scarecrow（稻草人） tak
23、ehome（实得的，可以带回家的） playboy（花花公子） lackluster（无光泽的） cutthroat（凶手） breakneck（非常危险的） gettogether（联欢会） comehither（吸引人的） sitdown（静坐抗议） beatup（破旧的） breakthrough（突破） runaway（逃亡的） runup（抬高） walkin（未经预约而来的）Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose
24、Pty Ltd.易错的复合词dead president 美钞（上印有总统头像）（并非“死了的总统”） 死了才能上榜的lover 情人（不是“爱人”）所以说情人不是拿来爱的busboy 餐馆勤杂工（不是“公汽售票员”）因为勤杂工工资很低，只能坐公交上班busybody 爱管闲事的人（不是“大忙人”）就是因为爱管闲事，所以才很忙dry goods （美）纺织品；（英）谷物（不是“干货”）干货是fucking goods 地球人都知道mad doctor 精神病科医生（不是“发疯的医生”） “发疯的”医生eleventh hour 最后时刻（不是“十一点”） 个人觉得23rd hour才是最后时刻
25、，一天有24小时Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.blind date （由第三者安排的）男女初次会面（并非“盲目约会”或“瞎约会”） 按字面翻译应该是盲目的日子 相亲本来就很盲目 personal remark 人身攻击（不是“个人评论”） 个人评论过激了就造成人身攻击sweet water 淡水（不是“糖水”或“甜水”） 个人觉得这个好像不是很正确confidence man 骗子（不是“信得过的人”
26、） 骗子最容易骗成功的就是对他信得过的人，要是你一开始就不相信他，他如何骗你呢criminal lawyer 刑事律师（不是“犯罪的律师”） 律师都是为罪犯辩解的，所以是“罪犯”的律师service station 加油站（不是“服务站”） 加油站不属于服务行业咩？rest room 厕所（不是“休息室”） rest有静止的意思，你进厕所你不静止你还能办事？dressing room 化妆室（不是“试衣室”或“更衣室”） 这个一般指后台比较多，演出之前在后台就是化妆，但是演出时进后台就是要马上换了衣服再上场horse sense 常识（不是“马的感觉”） 马很笨咩？马都能想到的东西就是常识？capital idea 好主意（不是“资本主义思想”） 西方国家认为资本主义思想都是好主意，这就是为什么他们到现在都还在走资本主义路Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.
