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1、Unit 3Looking good, feeling goodNon-restrictive attributive clauses 1. 定语从句定语从句 (attributive clauses) 通常由关通常由关系代词或关系副词引出。常见的关系代系代词或关系副词引出。常见的关系代词有：词有：which (指物指物)，that (既可指人又既可指人又可指物可指物)，who (指人，在定语从句中作指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语)，whom (指人，在定语从句指人，在定语从句中作宾语中作宾语)，whose (指人或物，作定语指人或物，作定语)等。关系副词有等。关系副词有: when
2、 (指时间指时间)，where (指地点指地点)，why (指原因指原因)等。等。2. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句定语从句分为限制性定语从句(restrictive ) 和非限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive) 两种。两种。限制性限制性定语定语从句紧跟先行词，与先行词之间一从句紧跟先行词，与先行词之间一般般不加逗号不加逗号；非限制性非限制性定语从句与定语从句与主句之间通常用主句之间通常用逗号分开逗号分开。Find out some sentences with Non-restrictive attributiveclauses in our text Dying
3、 to be thin1. My mother, who you met last year, keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous.2. Im taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here.Non-restrictive attributive clauses:3. My mother insisted on sending me to the hospital, where I
4、 received good medical treatment.4. Its the same in Chinamany people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous.Differences between the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clauses.DiscussionLook at the following ex
5、amples and tell the differences between the sentences.1. I have a sister who / that works in a hospital. 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。Example 2不只一位姐姐不只一位姐姐只有一位姐姐只有一位姐姐Conclusion 21. 限制性定语从句与先行词关系限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切密切，是先行词是先行词不可缺少不可缺少的部
6、分，如果去的部分，如果去掉它，主句意思往往掉它，主句意思往往不明确不明确。 2. 非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明，去掉它也充或说明，去掉它也不会影响不会影响主句主句的意思。的意思。1. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.2. Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.Example 1Conclusion 1当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，一无二的事物或家庭
7、唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句修饰。通常只用非限制性定语从句修饰。1.This is the house (which/ that )we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。2.2. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。这房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。Example 3限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句3. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which
8、 greatly upsets me. 他似乎没领会我的意思，这使我心烦。他似乎没领会我的意思，这使我心烦。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Conclusion 31. 限制性定语从句可以由关系代词，限制性定语从句可以由关系代词，关系副词来引导，关系代词作宾语关系副词来引导，关系代词作宾语时可以省略。时可以省略。2. 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导引导且关系代词不可以省略。且关系代词不可以省略。1. The famous basketball star, _ comes from America, w
9、ill visit our school soon.2. In those days, she used to go to Mr black, with _ she had a wonderful time.3. I bought a car yesterday, _ cost me a lot.whichwhomwho4. Xian, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city.5. He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy.6. The school, _ I once studie
10、d, was built thirty years ago.whichwherewhen7. John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true.8. _ we all know, he is good at English.AswhichII. all / some/ of + whom / which引导非引导非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句Example:1.He has told us many stories, all of which are about the famous Long Match.2. T
11、he students of Class 1, some of whom came from Japan, went camping yesterday.Conclusion 在非限制性定语从句中，一些表达数量或定在非限制性定语从句中，一些表达数量或定位的数词或代词如位的数词或代词如 all/ some/ one/ both/ neither/ none/ any/ either/ any 等可与等可与 of 构构成介词词组修饰限制先行词，此时先行词在成介词词组修饰限制先行词，此时先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语，关系代词其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语，关系代词不可用不可用that。如先行词
12、指人则用。如先行词指人则用whom，如先，如先行词指物则用行词指物则用which引导从句。引导从句。1. Many students in this school, some of which are not overweight, are going on diets.2. There are 54 students in my class and ten of whom come from US.whomCorrection:them3. Half a million pairs of shoes are produced by the workers here every year, 8
13、0% of whom are sold abroad. 4. I have many friends in this town, some of which are businessman. 5. I am doing different types of exercises, all of them are quite helpful to my health.whichwhich 或或 all 前加前加andwhom非限制性定语从句考点归纳：非限制性定语从句考点归纳：I.as和和which引导非限制性定语从句，引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句。代替整个主句。1. As everyone
14、knows, China is a country with a long history. 众所周知，中国是一个众所周知，中国是一个历史历史悠久的国悠久的国家。家。Example:2. She is a teacher, as is clear from her manner. 她是个教师，这一点从她的举止可以她是个教师，这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出。清楚地看出。3. He missed the show, which was really a great pity. 他他错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。Conclusion1. as 和和which在引导非限制
15、性定语从句在引导非限制性定语从句时，时，as和和which可代替整个主句，相可代替整个主句，相当于当于and this或或and that。这两个关系。这两个关系代词都可指代主句所表达的整个意思代词都可指代主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。2. as和和which引导非限制性定语从句的不引导非限制性定语从句的不 同之处在于：同之处在于：(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which引导的定语从句不可放在句首。引导的定语从句不可放在句首。(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作代表前面的整个主句并在从句
16、中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若从句中的谓语为行为动词，则从句中若从句中的谓语为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用的关系代词只能用which。另外，。另外，as引引导非限制性从句，常带有导非限制性从句，常带有“正如正如”的意的意思。思。1.Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.2.2. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. 3. _ is expected
17、, the England team won the football match.Aswhichwhich4. It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.5. _ we can see, the smoke came from the little dustbin.whichAs1.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him. A. who B. th
18、at C. what D. whichPractice time2. The English play, _ my students acted at the New Years party, was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which3. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that4. Great changes have taken plac
19、e in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. when B. which C. what D. that5. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _ is often the case in other countries. A. it B. that C. as D .soJoin each pair of sente
20、nces to from one sentence, using one of them as a non-restrictive attributive clause with who, whom, whose, which, where or when.1. Amy is an actress. She is Zhou Lings friend.2._3._Amy, who is Zhou Lings friend, is an actress.2. The doctors at the hospital tried their best to save Amy. Amy spend ab
21、out two months in that hospital. _ _ _3. Amy eats lots of fruit and vegetables. All of them are good for her health.The doctors at the hospital, where Amy spent about two months, tried their best to save Amy._4. Amy sometimes goes for a walk in the afternoon. It is fine and warm in the afternoon. _
22、_ _Amy eats lots of fruit and vegetables, all of which are good for her health.Amy sometimes goes for a walk in the afternoon, when it is fine and warm.5. My uncle is an engineer and is working in Beijing. I told you about him yesterday. _ _ _6. Mike has decided to visit the Great Wall next month. His hobby is travelling._My uncle, whom I told you about yesterday, is an engineer and is working in Beijing.Mike, whose hobby is travelling, has decided to visit the Great Wall next month.Answers to Part B:1) who 2) where 3) which 4) which 5) which 6) which7) whose 8) when 9) who10) who
