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1、UNIT 3Grammar and usageGrammar and usage英英语的五个基本句型的五个基本句型结构：构：S 十十 V 主谓结构He runs quicklyS 十V 十P 主系表结构 The story sounds interestingS 十V 十O 主谓宾结构 They built a house last yearS 十V 十O1 十O2 主谓双宾结构 He offered me his seat / his seat to meS 十V 十O 十C 主谓宾补结构They found her happy that dayThey called her the Lou
2、lan Beauty。They made Professor Zhang director of the instituteWe found the ruins most interesting.They believed this document to be the official version.Professor Zhangs speech was full of humour and made us all laugh.We found ourselves in the middle of a desert.She made Joe her companion in Rome.O
3、十 C_It makes me more beautiful.It makes me slim. 宾语补足语宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分是补充宾语的成分,通常置通常置于宾语之后。宾语和宾语补足语构成复于宾语之后。宾语和宾语补足语构成复合宾语。合宾语。能带宾语补足语结构的动词一能带宾语补足语结构的动词一定是及物动词。定是及物动词。宾语补足语宾语补足语1.They made Liu Xiang spokesman of their product.2.I find it difficult to raise the money.3.Ill ask her out tomorrow evening.4
4、.Through the window, I could see the rain coming down in sheets.5.Really good advertising persuades people to behave in certain ways.6.She is going to have the novel translated.7.His speech left the president in an awkward situation.(n.)(adj.)(adv.)(prep. phr.)(-ing)(to do)可以用作宾语补足语的有可以用作宾语补足语的有_ _。
5、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动词不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词形式和过去分词(p.p.) _ _He had wardrobes and cupboards full of clothes . got his clothes changedevery few hours every dayThe Emperor _.get his clothes change had the lights burning all night longThe two thieves _.havethe lightsburn 含使动意义的动词含使动意义的动词, 所接的
6、宾补多为动词所接的宾补多为动词原形或过去分词。原形或过去分词。 let, have, make 等。等。1. If Mr Smith is in the hall, will he please make himself _ (know) to me?2. It makes people _ (know) the importance of protecting environment. 3. The machine doesnt work. I must have it _ (repair) right now.knownknowrepairedThe Emperor expected th
7、e two “tailors” to invent a new cloth.v + sb. + to do sth. 结构中的动词结构中的动词, 所接所接的宾补一般是不定式。的宾补一般是不定式。advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, force, get, help, inspire, invite, order, permit, persuade, request, require, tell, teach, train, urge, want, warn, wish等等1.I have trained my dog _(fetch) my slipp
8、ers.2.They were warned _ (not climb) the mountain in such bad weather. to fetchnot to climb ordered the parade to beginafter he was dressed in his new clothesThe Emperor _.orderthe paradebeginThey saw the Emperor walking in the street .感官动词感官动词, 所接的宾补可以是所接的宾补可以是v-ing形形式式,也可以是动词原形。也可以是动词原形。feel, hear
9、, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, look at1. I saw him _ (cross) the road.注注:He was seen _ (cross) the road.cross/crossingto cross/ crossing但当这些词用于被动语态时但当这些词用于被动语态时,不定式要带不定式要带to was considered a foolwith no clothes onThe Emperor _!considerthe Emperora fool 含命名意义的动词含命名意义的动词, 所接的宾补一般是名所接的宾补一般是名
10、词。词。call, name, appoint, elect, make, considerCall me Joe, please.She was elected president of the company.注意和双注意和双宾语区区别：They have made me chairman. They have made me a nice chair.(宾补宾补)(直接宾语直接宾语)find, keep 等几个词的用法非常灵活等几个词的用法非常灵活,后面后面所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、词组、所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、词组、现在分词、过去分词等。现在分词、过去分词等。We found
11、 it very difficult to solve the problem.How can you keep them waiting for so long? Suddenly I found my wallet stolen.Keep the books on the shelf.Tell a story.find keep1. I saw him _ (enter) the room, _ (take) something and _ (go) out.2. Please have these boxes _ (carry) to the station right now.ente
12、rtakegocarried Fill in each blank with the proper verb forms.3. I dont want that kind of thing _ (keep) happening.4. He asked for the letter _ (send) at once.to keepto be sent5. They found an old woman _ (lie) on the ground.6. Youd better get a doctor _ (pull) out your bad tooth.7. He sat listening
13、to her _ (climb) the stairs. lyingto pullclimbing8. The workers were made _ (work) extra hours every day.to work1.当你刷牙的时候，不要让水一直流着。 _ while you brush your teeth. 2.我听说你这次被选为班长了。 I heard that_ this time.3.有段时间他的祖母觉得很难接受他的新想法。 For a time his grandmother found _ his new idea.4.演讲者提高了声音，但还是无法让人听见。 The s
14、peaker raised his voice, but still _.5.不要指望一个星期就能学会一门外语。 You cant expect _ _.Dont leave the water runningit hard to acceptcouldnt make himself heardyou were elected monitor to learn a foreign language in a weekTranslation. 在复合在复合宾语中，中，宾语通常通常为名名词或代或代词，但有，但有时也可以用不定式（短也可以用不定式（短语）或）或that从句来充当。从句来充当。这时，应
15、使用先行使用先行it代替代替宾语，而将真正的，而将真正的宾语移到句子的移到句子的后部，后部，I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings We all thought it a pity that you couldnt join us.注意：注意：在在这种种结构中，构中，宾语补足足语通常通常为名名词或形或形容容词；常用于；常用于这种种结构的构的动词有：有： feel, find, think, make, take, consider 等。等。Do you consider it any good trying again?-What
16、 do you think about Harry Potter?-I find it _.More practice More practice with an object complimentwith an object compliment: :very interesting / an interesting bookHomework1.Review the Object and the Object Complement on P48.2. Finish the exercise on page108 C11.The next morning she found the man _
17、 in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 简析简析: 首先首先, 根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说补充说明宾语明宾语 the man; 再根据宾语再根据宾语 the man 对于动词对于动词 lie 来说应是主动关来说应是主动关系系, 而且而且, lie 这个动作与谓语动词这个动作与谓语动词 found 同时进行。因此同时进行。因此, 该题应该题应选选A。2. -Good morning. Can I help you? -Id like to have the package _,
18、 madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 简析简析: 首先首先, 根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说补充说明宾语明宾语 the package; 再根据再根据 the package 对于动词对于动词 weigh 来说来说, 只能只能是被动关系。因此，该题应是被动关系。因此，该题应选选D。3. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. sai
19、ling C. to sail D. to have sailed 简析简析: 该题应该题应选选B。测试动词测试动词 imagine 后要求跟动名词后要求跟动名词, Peter 是动是动名词的逻辑主语。名词的逻辑主语。4.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move 简析简析: 该题应该题应选选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正发出的动作。发
20、出的动作。 专项练习Colors can change our moods and make us happy or sad, energetic or sleepy.A. to feel B. feeling C. felt D. feel -There is nobody here. Lets play football.-No, we cant. My father often tells me in the street. Its dangerous.A. to play B. dont play C. not to play Hi, will you please teach me
21、to play the piano?A. what B. how C. why D. whenDCB I saw him the key the lock, turn in and open the door.A. pointing; in B. put; in C. putting; to D. point; to The rain makes the people . They think the trees planted yesterday can grow well.A. happy B. annoying C. sad D. terrifyingBA Dont leave the
22、water _while you brush your teeth. (天津天津2004) A. run B. running C. being run D. to run Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents_. (重重庆2004) A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worryHe looked around and caught a man_ his hand into the pocket of a pass
23、enger. (北京北京2004春春) A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting The teacher asked us _so much noise. (北京北京2003) A. dont makeB. not make C. not makingD. not to makeThe maid is coming today. Well have her _ the windows.A, washed B, to washing C, to wash D, washWe found many old people _ at the back o
24、f the house, smoking and talking.A, sat B, sit C, seat D, seatedE, sittingThough I cant make the model ship _faster, the model plane can be made _ higher by any of the boys here,A, sail; to fly B, to sail ; flyC, to sail; to fly D, sail ;fly The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.A.playing B
25、. to be playing C. play D. to play I feel _ unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.A.that B. how C. it D. what It is wise to have some money _ foe old age.A.put away B. kept up C. given away D. laid up He slipped into the room, without himself _.A.seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see He f
26、ound the street much _.A.crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdly I think _ necessary to learn English well.A.its B. it C. that D. that is Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A.learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning You cant have the horse _ all the way. Its too hot.A.run B. to run
27、C. running D. to be running When I came back, I found the house _ and everything _.A.was broken; took away B. broken into; taken awayC. had been broken; taken D. break into; take away I heard that you were elected _ this time.A. monitor B. the monitor C. a monitor D. my monitor The house they _ in t
28、he floods must be rebuilt before winter comes.A. had washed away B. had to wash awayC. had them washed away D. had washed them away When I came back, I found nobody _. It was empty.A.on B. out C. in D. away The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _.A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard For a time his grandmother found _ accept his new idea.A. hard B. it hard C. it hard to D. it is hard to
