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1、第38讲完形填空2015年辽宁各地市中考试题中的完形填空,文体以记叙文和说明文为主。记叙文内容多是亲情和友情的故事(如2015年锦州试卷中关于圣诞节礼物的故事)或说明介绍类(如2015年辽阳试卷中介绍一年四季的美景)。试题以10空4选1为主(沈阳、营口15小题,大连12小题)。预测2016年的完形填空还会减少单纯语法题的考查,备选项的干扰性会增大,文章的选材大多会是来自英语国家,语言更地道,词汇运用会更灵活。完形填空考查的类型1词汇题。这种题型从句子和语境层次上来全面考查名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、连词、介词、动词等词类的意义和用法。2常用固定搭配和习惯用法题。这种题涉及动词短语、介词短语
2、、副词短语等的搭配和用法。3句法题。这种题型涉及简单句的五种句型、并列句、状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句等。4逻辑分析题。这种题型主要考查学生的阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和语言运用能力。“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点,既考查词语搭配、近义词辨析、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等,又考查逻辑推理和事理推断能力。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力,才能适应这一题型。(一)“完形填空”题要求填入的词:1语法结构所要求的功能词。如:连接词,连接代词,连接副词,关系代词,关系副词等。2具有语法
3、变化的普通词。如:动词的时态、语态、语气,名词的数,代词的格,形容词和副词的等级等。3固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。4同义词、近义词等易混淆词。5根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。(二)“完形填空”题解题策略:1解题前要通读全文,领悟大意。完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出现,因此,通读全文,把握文章整体大意尤为重要。很多同学为了省时间,只看选项,不看文章。不看上下文,不寻找文章中句子与句子的关系,结果做出来的答案往往是错误的。2解题时要全面考虑,确定选项。完形填空有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通,但由于文章是一个完整的统一体,词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系,因
4、此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的信息,对文章的情节进行逻辑推理,抓住含有关键信息的词语,理顺句子之间的关系,确定正确的答案。其具体做法有:重视首句,寻求信息完形填空本是一篇残缺的文章,留下首句可以帮助考生了解文章的主题,可以了解短文的概貌与作者的意图。要充分利用首句的标示作用,利用它为解题找到一个突破口,从而展开思维。【例1】 Few people like changing their habits,good or bad.Whether it is smoking,drinking or overeating,they _ “enjoying” them to the end.(2015,苏
5、州,16)Astop Bcontinue Cfinish Davoid解析:由首句“Few people like changing their habits,good or bad.(很少有人喜欢改变他们的习惯,好的或坏的。)”可知此处表示“他们继续享受着这些习惯”。答案:_BMy mother only had one eye.And because of this,I never wished her to show up in my school,being afraid that my classmates would _1_ I had an ugly mother.(2014,十
6、堰,41)( )1.A.run out Bput out Ccome out Dfind outD明辨褒贬语境,判断是非几乎每篇完形填空的语境都有一定的褒贬性,这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理、情绪状态和作者的写作意图,因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断,从而在吃透文章并准确理解文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息,找出能反映语境褒贬性的标志性词语或句子,大胆预测下文。【例2】 His house turned into a comfortable place immediately.The poor man _.(2015,广东,55)Acheered up Brang u
7、pCsped up Dstayed up解析:房子变得舒适了,那个穷人应该是“高兴起来了”。答案:_AFinally,I stopped in the air,I spread my arms wide,laughing loudly and _.The workers pulled me up,smiling at me.(2015,长沙,40)( )2.A.sadly Bangrily CproudlyC巧用平行结构,判断逻辑平行结构指的是结构相同或相似、意思密切关联、语气一致的句子或短语组成串排列的语言现象。平行结构形式上整齐匀称,内容上联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角
8、度,利用其意义上的关联和对比这一特点来设题。了解这一点可大大提高解题效率。【例3】 On October 20,2009,my mother died after a long illness.I was so thankful that she no longer had aches and _.(2015,宁波,27)Agifts Bpains Cdialogs Dmistakes解析:由上文可知,我非常欣慰母亲不再受疼痛的折磨。与aches(疼痛)相对称的词为pains。答案:_BThey found that the kids who watched violent cartoons
9、fought with others and _3_ class rules more often.(2014,宜宾,47)( )3.A.broke Bfollowed Cobeyed DmadeA结合常识,明辨真伪根据实际生活中的情况,作出最符合逻辑思维的推理,排除不符合逻辑的选项,得出正确答案。考生要注意在判断推理时,一定要联系上下文,且符合现实逻辑,切不可用特殊的、偶然的现象进行常识性推理,否则得出的答案就会片面,没有说服力甚至是错误的。【例4】 We cant force life to follow our wishes.The earth wont _ turning whethe
10、r we accept it or not.Astop Bkeep Cstart Davoid解析:无论我们是否接受,地球都不会停止转动。答案:_AIt read “Dear Marie,I love you always.Miss you a lot.Dont forget me.Be _!Love,Mom.” That day,I cried.(2015,宁波,30)( )4.A.serious Bhappy Cpatient DstrictB熟练语法和固定搭配,轻松解题对语法、固定搭配等基础知识的考查也是完形填空的命题角度之一。对于这种题,考生除了要注意平时的积累外,还要针对语法结构、句
11、式特点、短文设空中需填的词在句中作什么成分、哪类词适合、应采取什么形式等进行分析,从而解决问题。【例5】At the same time,in developing countries like China and Brazil,sales of meat have doubled in the last 20 years._ will double again by 2050.(2015,南昌,64)AIt BThatCWeDThey解析:空白处所填词在句中作主语,指代上文中所提到的“sales(销售额)”,为可数名词复数形式。答案:_DLast week,students at Rosie
12、 Bridge School worked hard to make their English Week very successful.There _ a lot of activities including an English book fair in the library and a treasure hunt.(2015,沈阳,16)( )5.A.are Bwere Cis DwasB多方推断,寻求线索完形填空所提供的是一篇具有完整意义的短文,其段与段、句与句、甚至词与词之间都有不可分割的、千丝万缕的联系。因此考生在做题时不要只注意设空处所在的短句子或段落,还要善于从上下文中寻
13、找相关的提示信息。考生可利用正向推断法、逆向推断法和正逆向联合推断法寻找相关信息。正向推断法要求考生利用已知信息推断下文未知信息,当然这儿所指的信息包括设空处近处或远处的信息。考生应认真阅读并分析上下文内容,弄清事实,并思考下文的发展方向,从而推断下文的未知信息。逆向推断法要求考生利用下文已知信息反向推断上文未知信息。当利用上文已知信息无法准确推断下文未知信息时,不能着急,应沉着冷静地阅读下文,看下文哪些事实或细节是上文未知信息的延伸和发展,并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。联合推断法是指在有些情况下,空格处未知信息既不能单独由上文已知信息正向推断而出,也不能单独由下文反向推断而出,这就需要考生利
14、用其上下文已知信息联合推断而出。考生应认真阅读并分析上下文,看哪些细节或事实与空格处有联系,并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。正向推断法【例6】One day,Li Xuan discovered a wishing well (许愿池) on the side of the road.(2015,长春,31)He took out a coin and threw it into the _.Astreet Bwell Criver Droom解析:由上文“一天,李轩在路边发现了一个许愿池”可知,他拿出一枚硬币是投向许愿池。答案:_BIt seemed that the storm meant
15、nothing to her.She sat on her seat reading a book.Sometimes she closed her eyes,then she would read again,with no _ or fear in her eyes.(2015,河南,40)( )6.A.pride Bworry Canger DregretB逆向推断法【例7】 It was a Sunday morning,and I was in a _ mood (情绪)Two of my friends had gone to the movies the night before
16、 and hadnt invited me.(2015,山西,31)Agood Bterrible Cpeaceful解析:由下文中“我的两个朋友前一天晚上去看电影了,但是没有邀请我”可知,我的心情很糟糕。答案:_BBert Manson,82,slowly opened his eyes and turned to face the clock on the beside table.It was 8:23 am.He felt _.The time was nothing to him.He had nothing to do all day.(2015,佛山,31)( )7.please
17、d Bsad CsurprisedHe raised a glass of water and asked them,“How _ do you think this glass of water is?”.Their answers are different,from 20g to 500g.(2015,河北,41)( )8.A.heavy Bfull Cmuch DlongBA正逆向联合推断法【例8】 Just then a young man jumped out_of_a_car and asked if I was Jenny.Then we _ to the bungee jum
18、ping place.I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car(2015,长沙,34)Awalked Bran Cdrove解析:由上句中的out of a car以及下句I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.(透过车窗,我被路边的景色惊呆了)可知,我们是开车去的。答案:_C.She wondered if they were getting the_right_foodsAmelia r
19、ead all she could about gorillas (大猩猩) and learned what they like to _.Then she started a “gorilla garden”She grows the fruits_and_vegetables that gorillas love to eat.(2015,南京,19)( )9.A.eat Bbite Cfight DkickDo you ever watch old movies?Maybe you will see one with Carole Lombard.She was a famous _
20、in the 1930s.She died when she was only 34.In her short life she made_70_movies(2015,天津,41)( )10.A.nurse Bactress Cdoctor DteacherAB复读全文,检验答案把填充后的短文反复阅读一两遍,逐一检查、校对所选答案是否符合短文中心及上下文要求,并确保没有不符合语言规范、不符合语法规则的选项。很多同学做完形填空题存在一个误区,把很多的时间放到四个选项的比较上,这会降低解题效率。正确做法应是:顺藤摸瓜,首先是藤,你拿到文章之后要重点读第一句。瞻前顾后,在文章空格的上下文处,你觉得这个地方需要什么词,带着这个目的在四个选项里找。顾全大局,做一道题时应该在段落里面理解一句话。认清细节,比如考固定搭配的题。总之要想成功突破完形填空必须做到:研读首尾,抓主题;上下联系,寻信息;左顾右盼,找搭配;思前想后,觅逻辑;语境分析,辨词义;回读检查,补漏洞。