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1、1.Present Perfect Tense2.Present Perfect Continuous Tense、现在完成时、现在完成时 1.1.现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成 2.2.现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法、现在完成进行时、现在完成进行时 1.1.现在完成进行时的构成现在完成进行时的构成 2.2.现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时的用法、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较1.1.现在完成时的构成：现在完成时的构成：主动式主动式: :have/has done被动式被动式: :have/has been done1.现在完成时现在完成时We _(a
2、lready open) the window. 过去的动作过去的动作: : we opened the window. 对现在的影响对现在的影响: : The window is open.have already opened2.现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法The boys are tired. They _ (just play) a ball game.过去的动作过去的动作 : The boys played a ball game.对现在的影响对现在的影响: The boys are tired. have just playedHe has just been to the z
3、ooWhen I was waiting in line at the bank, I noticed a woman holding a small child atone of the windows. The boy was eating a roll(面包卷)， which he thrust at the teller.(喂给柜员). The teller smiled and shook his hand. “No,no,dear,”said the boys mother, and Then ,turning to the teller, “I beg your pardon,y
4、oung man.Please fogive my son. He has just been to the zoo.”现在完成时表示过去发生或现在完成时表示过去发生或已完成已完成的动的动作，或某一动作对现在造成的作，或某一动作对现在造成的影响影响或结或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词词just, already, yet等状语连用。等状语连用。小结：小结：现在完成时用法现在完成时用法1-1-已完成、影响性用法已完成、影响性用法 already:用于用于肯定句肯定句; ;yet:用于用于否定和疑问句否定和疑问句 Daniel _ (live) in Be
5、ijing since he came to China.has lived pastfuturenowcamelivehas lived现现在在完完成成时时表表示示过过去去已已经经开开始始，持持续续到到现现在在, ,也也许许还还会会持持续续下下去去的的动动作作或或状状态态。可可以以和和表表示示从从过过去去某某一一时时刻刻延延续续到到现现在在（包包括括现现在在在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。如：内）的一段时间的状语连用。如： for和和since， so far, up to now, until/till this week (month, year) during /over /in the
6、 past few years (weeks, months) 现在完成时用法现在完成时用法2-2-未完成用法未完成用法小结：小结：Fill in the blanks:. a. She has learnt English 3 years.b. She has learnt English 3 years ago.c. They have lived here _1990.forsincesince I (see) her so far. What _ (happen) to the USA in the past 35 years?havent seen has happenedSince
7、 的补充用法的补充用法A.主句主句+since+从句从句Great changes have taken place since you left.B. It is/ has been +时间段时间段+ since+从句从句a.It is / has been two years since I left my hometown.b. It is years since I smoked .c. It is years since I began to smoke . I went to Egypt in 1986. I went to Egypt in 2004. I _ (be) to E
8、gypt twice. have been现在完成时可表示过去发生过一次现在完成时可表示过去发生过一次或多次的情况，也可以说是一种经或多次的情况，也可以说是一种经历。多与历。多与never, ever, once, twice, three times, before 等连用等连用现在完成时用法现在完成时用法3-3-经验性用法经验性用法I （never see）anything so beautiful in my life.have never seen小结：小结： ( ) 1. He has come here. ( ) 2. He has come here for 3 days. (
9、) 3. He hasnt come here for 3 days. ( ) 4. He has stayed here for 3 days. ( ) 5. He has been away for 3 days.现在完成时知识扩展一现在完成时知识扩展一 Translate these sentences into English.汤姆回来了。汤姆回来了。 汤姆回来一个多星期了。汤姆回来一个多星期了。 Tom has come back.Tom has been back for over a week.与现在完成时有关的句型与现在完成时有关的句型:1)This (That/It) is
10、the first (second) time + that-clause This is the first time that I _ (see) pandas2 )This (That/It) is the only time + that-clauseIt is the only time that I_(travel )abroad.3)This (That/It) is the best/ finest /most interesting + that-clause.It is the most delicious food that I_ (taste)have seenhave
11、 traveledhave tasted现在完成时知识扩展二现在完成时知识扩展二Look at the following sentences and point out what tense or tenses are used in them and the reasons why they are used. 看下列句子，说说他们的区别看下列句子，说说他们的区别 1 We have studied English for about five years. We began to study it five years ago .2 They moved to the south in
12、1990 and have lived there since then.一般过去时一般过去时与与现在完现在完成时成时的区别的区别I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生强调看的动作发生在过去某个在过去某个时间时间）I have seen this film. （强调强调对现在的影响对现在的影响，即电影的，即电影的内容已经知道了内容已经知道了）1 . you my pen ? Yes, I it on your desk just now. (see)2. you dinner ? Yes, I it with Mary. (have)Have seen saw
13、Have hadhadWhen I was at college I _ three foreign languages, but I _ all except a few words of each.A. spoke; had forgottenB. spoke; have forgottenC. had spoken;had forgottenD. had spoken;have forgotten“但都忘了但都忘了”是现在的情况，要用现在完成时，强调结果。是现在的情况，要用现在完成时，强调结果。一般过去时一般过去时与与现在完成时现在完成时的区别的区别一般过去时一般过去时表示表示过去某时过
14、去某时发生的发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强强调动作调动作；现在完成时现在完成时为过去发生的，为过去发生的，强调强调过去的事情对现在的影响过去的事情对现在的影响，强调，强调的是影响。的是影响。. .Translation.Translation.1.1.你今天下午什么时候离开学校的？你今天下午什么时候离开学校的？2.2.你离开学校多久了？你离开学校多久了？When did you leave school this afternoon?How long have you been away from school?3. 3. 他在他在19981998年买了这辆自行车
15、。年买了这辆自行车。4.4.他自从来到我们学校就买了这辆自行他自从来到我们学校就买了这辆自行车。车。He bought the bike in 1998.He has had the bike since he came to our school.5.5.电影是半小时之前开始的。电影是半小时之前开始的。 6.6.电影已放映半小时了。电影已放映半小时了。The film began half an hour ago.The film has been on for half an hour. (2) saw (3) has visited (4) loves (5) hasnt visited
16、(6) has seen (7) has never met (8) has travelled(9) has found (10) hasnt found (11) Has, been page8Present Perfect Continuous Tense The boy started having dinner five minutes ago. He is still having dinner now. The boy _ (have) dinner since five minutes ago. has been having1.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时The man st
17、arted working in the field half an hour ago. He is still working now.The man _ (work) in the field for half an hour. has been working现在完成进行时的构成：现在完成进行时的构成：have/has been doing现在完成进行时用法现在完成进行时用法1 1现在完成进行时表示过去的动作现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在持续到现在并有可能持续下去并有可能持续下去. .CCTV has been broadcasting English programs sinc
18、e 1984. broadcasted 1984futurenowbroadcastbroadcast小结：小结：现在完成进行时用法现在完成进行时用法2:2:现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到说话时刚现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到说话时刚结束。结束。Mavis started waiting .Kelly arrives.Kelly: Sorry Im late. Have you been waiting long?Mavis: Yes. Ive been waiting for an hour. an hour agofuturenowwait小结：小结：-Hi, Tracy, you
19、 look tired.- I am tired. I _ the living room all day.A. painted B. had paintedC. have been paintingD. have painted-Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?- No, but we _ (try) to get in touch with them ever since. have been trying 3. 3.现在完成时和现在完现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较成进行时的比较最大区别在于：最大区别在于
20、：完成进行时完成进行时重在重在“进行进行”，即未完成，即未完成，强调动作持续的过程，即动作本身强调动作持续的过程，即动作本身；完成时完成时重在重在“完成完成”，即已完成，强，即已完成，强调动作的结果或成就，而不是动作。调动作的结果或成就，而不是动作。1.I _ your grammar book. And I have questions to ask you.(I finished reading the book.)I_ (read)your grammar book.After I finishit, Ill discuss some problems with you.(I am st
21、ill reading the book.) have read has been reading区别一：区别一：现在完成进行时有时有延续现在完成进行时有时有延续性，现在完成时往往没有。如：性，现在完成时往往没有。如： They have been widening the road.（a） They have widened the road（b） （a）句的意思是他们在加宽马路，但句的意思是他们在加宽马路，但尚未完尚未完（b）句的意思则是）句的意思则是已完工了已完工了。My mother has been teaching English for twenty years.（a） My m
22、other has taught English for twenty years.（b） ( (a a）句表示动作现在仍在继续并将）句表示动作现在仍在继续并将延续下去延续下去（b b）句的动作是否延续下去，须由上）句的动作是否延续下去，须由上下文决定，但在一般情况下都是延续下文决定，但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。下去的。 区别二：区别二：现在完成进行时往往表示动现在完成进行时往往表示动作在反复，现在完成时则常常不带反作在反复，现在完成时则常常不带反复性。复性。Have you been meeting her lately？(a) Have you met her lately？（？（b）
23、（a a）句有）句有“经常相会经常相会”之意，之意， （b b）句则没有。）句则没有。 区别三：区别三：现在完成进行时比较生动，现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有有时含有明显的感情色彩明显的感情色彩，而现在完，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。彩可言。 What have you been doing？（a） What have you done？（？（b） （a a）句表示惊异。）句表示惊异。（b b）句只是一个问题。）句只是一个问题。 Who has been eating my a
24、pples?Who has eaten my apples?（带有感情色彩）（带有感情色彩）（不带有感情色彩，只（不带有感情色彩，只是陈述某事情）是陈述某事情）1. I for an hour and he still hasnt turned up. (wait)2 Im so sorry Im late._you_ long? have been waitingHavebeen waitingAnswers(2)have been talking(3)have been talking(4)have been studying(5)have seen(6)have been writing
