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1、主主谓一致一致Subject-Verb Agreement主谓一致：主谓一致：英语中，句子的谓语动词要与句子的主语在人英语中，句子的谓语动词要与句子的主语在人称和数保持一致，即主谓一致。一般来说，主谓一致要遵称和数保持一致，即主谓一致。一般来说，主谓一致要遵循以下原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则和循以下原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则和随前原则。随前原则。2021/6/301一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则1、单数主语，不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动、单数主语，不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数词用单数 1. A student is studying En
2、glish. 2 .Serving the people is my great happiness. 3 .When we deliver the goods hasnt been decided. 4 .When and where we will go hasnt been decided.但当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是 “be +名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化。 1.)What you did is right. 2.)What you need are these dictionaries.2、复数名词、代词作主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式复数名词、代词作主语，谓语动词一般用复
3、数形式 All the students _clever. They _English very much. arelike2021/6/3023. 用用and或或bothand 连接的单数名词、代词、动词不定式短连接的单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数形式。语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数形式。 Both my father and my mother _farmers. What I think and what I do _been fairly in disagreement. 注意:(1). 当and连接的并列单数名词前有each，e
4、very, no或者many a 等限定词时，谓语动词通常用单数。 Each student and each teacher _ been given a task. Every flower and every bush _ to be cut down. (2). 当主语由and连结时，如果表示同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，此时and后面的名词无冠词。 The worker and writer _(be) from Wuhan. The worker and the writer _(be) from Beijing. arehavehasisisare2021/6/3034、不定
5、代词、不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式; Something _ (has / have) gone wrong with my watch. Anybody who _ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. 5、 each of/either of./one of谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数. none
6、 of/neither of可单可复，根据说话人的意思决定；可单可复，根据说话人的意思决定；*但代表不可但代表不可数名词时，用单数数名词时，用单数 1) Each of the students _a book. 2) None of us _perfect. 3) Neither of them _the answer. 4) None of this _me. None of this money _mine. *neither作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。 Neither statement _true. （was）hasbreakshasis/areknows/knowwo
7、rriesiswas2021/6/3046、 “many a +单数名词单数名词 more than one+单数名词单数名词 one and a half +复数名词复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用作主语，谓语动词用单数单数1.) Many a foreigner_ been to the Great Wall. 2.)More than one student_ turned up at the meeting. 3.) One and a half bananas _eaten by the boy. 1. Many a man_ the story. A. believes B. beli
8、eve 2.More than one man _died in the accident.A. has B. have 3.More than five men _died in the accident. A. has B. have 7. some /a lot of /half of./the rest of./part of/plenty of/分数（分数（%）+of. the majority of + 名词名词”等作主语，谓语等作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于动词的单复数取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。后的名词或代词的单复数形式。 Two-thirds of the stud
9、ents _from countryside. （come） Ninety percent of the work _ been done. （has）hashaswasAABcomehas2021/6/3058. 定语从句中的主谓一致。定语从句中的主谓一致。 (1)与先行词一致。定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which 时，从句谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。 I, who _ your teacher, will share happiness and sorrow with you. which/as代替一句话内容,谓语动词用单数 As _known, I am beauti
10、ful. (3) one of +复数名词 + 定语从句,从句中的谓语用复数形式; the only/exact one of+复数名词 + 定语从句,从句中的谓语用单数形式。 Tom is one of the students who_ good at playing football. Tom is the only one of the students who_ good at playing football. amisareis2021/6/306二、二、意义一致原则：意义一致原则： 9. 集体名词集体名词family, audience, crew, club, class,
11、company, committee, party, crowd group, army, government, the public等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果指集体中的各个成员，谓语动词用复数谓语用单数形式；如果指集体中的各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式形式。 The group _ made up of nine students. The group_ dancing happily. 注意注意1：集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police表示复数意义谓语动词永远复数.people 民族（可数
12、名词，peoples) The Chinese people _ a brave people. Chinese people _ making our country richer and richer. 2. Population The population of China _over 1.3billion and 80%of the population_ farmers. isareisareisare2021/6/30710.表示时间、距离、金钱，度量衡等复数名词作主语，表达表示时间、距离、金钱，度量衡等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时一个整体概念时,谓语动词则用单数形式谓语动
13、词则用单数形式;Two years _ passed since I left Ningbo. One million dollars _ a great sum of money. 11.有些名词如：有些名词如：fish, deer, sheep, means, works, species, 等用作单数或复数均可，谓语动词随其含义而定。等用作单数或复数均可，谓语动词随其含义而定。This glass works _built in 1978. Two steel works_ east of the city . Every means_ been tried. Many species
14、_ died out. 12. 学科名词，或学科名词，或 以以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时，如结尾的学科名称作主语时，如physics, mathematics, mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics. statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等等, 谓谓语动词通常用作单数。语动词通常用作单数。 Physics _ a fundamental subject in science. hasisisarehashaveis2021/6/30813. 成双成对出现的复数名词如成双成对出现的复数名词如glas
15、ses, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, socks, slippers, scissors等等作主语时，谓语通常用复数，作主语时，谓语通常用复数，*但如果前有但如果前有a/the pair of, a/the suit of等词语修饰时，谓语动词与等词语修饰时，谓语动词与pair, suit等一致，等一致，用单数用单数 1) My trousers _very nice. 2)A pair of shoes _under the bed. 14. 主语是疑问代词主语是疑问代词who, what, which,不定代词不定代词all, more, most, a
16、ny, none等以及名词等以及名词half, part, the rest等等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视它们所代既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。指的名词而定。 1.)Which _ more valuable, health or wealth? 2.)Which_ prettier, these or those? 3.) we had some paper, but the rest _ put back. areisisarewas2021/6/30915. theadj.作主语作主语,theadj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用表示一类人，谓
17、语动词用复数，如复数，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等等,the+ adj.,表示某个人或一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如表示某个人或一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如the beautiful, the good等等 The old _ taken good care of in our society. The rich _ for the decision but the poor _against it. The wounded _ a young boy. The beautiful _not always the same as t
18、he good. arewaswasis2021/6/301016. a/this/that + kind of +名词（单数或复数）作主语时，谓语动名词（单数或复数）作主语时，谓语动词用单数；如果主语是词用单数；如果主语是kinds（types) of+名词或复数名词名词或复数名词of+ a ( this, that）kind时，谓语动词用复数形式。时，谓语动词用复数形式。即即 kind(s) of +n.,谓语与谓语与kind一致一致 n+of this kind 谓语谓语与名词一致与名词一致 The kind of apples _ well. Men of this kind _ da
19、ngerous. 注意注意 : 由kind, form, type, species, series 等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数，而不是他们后面所跟的名词This new type of machine_ now on show. （is）Some new forms of art _discussed at the meeting. （were）17. 主语是主语是a large/small quantity of +名词（可数或不可数）谓语名词（可数或不可数）谓语动词用单数；如果是动词用单数；如果是“large (great) quantifies of +名词（可数或名
20、词（可数或不可数）不可数）”时，谓语动词要用复数。也就是说谓语动词随时，谓语动词要用复数。也就是说谓语动词随quantity单复数而定单复数而定 There _a large quantity of milk/apples on the farm. Large quantities of water /coal/bricks _needed here.sellsareiswereiswere2021/6/301118. a number of （a group of , a variety of)+名词复数作主语时名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；谓语动词用复数形式；The number o
21、f(the variety of.) +名词复名词复数谓语动词用单数形式。数谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of workers _out of work. The number of the students in our school _eight thousand. 19. 两数相减或相除两数相减或相除,谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，谓语动词谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。可用单数，也可用复数。 Sixty minus seventeen _forty-three. Six and eight _fourteen. 20、若英语是书名、片名、格言、
22、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 “The Arabian Nights”_ an interesting story-book. The United states _on the south of Canada. 21.名词性物主代词作主语，谓语动词根据指代对象而定名词性物主代词作主语，谓语动词根据指代对象而定 Your shoes are white; Mine_ black. (are) His coat _yellow; Hers_ red. （is）（is）areisleav
23、esmakes/makeisisareisis2021/6/3012三三. 就近一致原则就近一致原则 谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。22. 由由or, nor, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also连接的连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则就近原则”处理。处理。1.You or she _good at English. 2._either you or he wrong? 23. 以以here, there开头的句子，谓语动词的单复数
24、形式看后面的主开头的句子，谓语动词的单复数形式看后面的主语而定，如果主语不止一个，谓语动词于最近的主语保持一致。语而定，如果主语不止一个，谓语动词于最近的主语保持一致。 Here _some bread. There _a pen and three pencils on the desk. 24. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 Such _the result Such _the facts On the wall _many pictures isAreisisisareare2021/6/3013四四 随前原则随前原则 25.当主语
25、后面跟有当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with ,like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。语的单、复数而定。 1. The teacher with two students _ at the meeting . 2. E-mail, as well as the telephones, _ an important part
26、 in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 1)They, together with Tom, _ going to swim this afternoon. 2) No one but your parents _ there then. 3) He, like you and your brother, _ very clever. 4) The teacher, including his students, _going to see Professor Tell. 5) Mary, together with his sisters _ gone back.wasAarewasisishas2021/6/3014 结束语结束语若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！
