《天津专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破八词句猜测-词义猜测题课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《天津专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破八词句猜测-词义猜测题课件.ppt（44页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、八、词句猜测词义猜测题专题三第二节分类突破真题感悟名师点津内容索引随堂限时练真题感悟(20176月天津，月天津，C)This month，Germanys transport minister，Alexander Dobrindt，proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自自主主驾驾驶驶车车辆辆). They would define the drivers role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be
2、lost.The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles：the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things：that a car always chooses property(财财产产) damage over personal injury；tha
3、t it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race；and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheelto check email，saythe cars maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving，” says Dobrindt.It will put full
4、y driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers，he says.Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers，consumers and lawyers.“The liability(法法律律责责任任) issue is the biggest one of them all，” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds，UK.An assumptio
5、n behind UK insurance for driverless cars，introduced earlier this year，insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars.“When you say driverless cars，people expect driverless cars，”Merat says.“Yo
6、u knowno driver.”Because of the confusion，Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own，says Ryan Calo at Stanford University，California.That is happening i
7、n the UK and Singapore， where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.That would go down poorly in the US，however.“The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here，” says Calo.语篇解读46.What does the phrase
8、 “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.A place where cars often break down.B.A case where passing a law is impossible.C.An area where no driving is permitted.D.A situation where drivers role is not clear.解解析析 词词义义猜猜测测题题。根根据据第第二二段段中中的的“.the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless ca
9、rs that could delay the driverless future.”可可知知，death valley指指的的就就是是半半自自主主驾驾驶驶和和完完全全无无人人驾驶汽车之间的灰色地带，即：对司机角色的定义不清楚。故选驾驶汽车之间的灰色地带，即：对司机角色的定义不清楚。故选D项。项。答案解析464748495047.The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to .A.stop people from breaking traffic rulesB.help promote fully automatic drivingC.protect
10、 drivers of all ages and racesD.prevent serious property damage解解析析推推理理判判断断题题。第第一一段段说说Dobrindt提提出出第第一一套套自自主主驾驾驶驶车车辆辆的的规规章章，将将会会定定义义自自主主驾驾驶驶车车辆辆司司机机的的角角色色，这这个个提提议议就就是是处处理理“death valley”这这个个问问题题的的；第第四四段段说说交交规规的的改改变变会会准准许许全全自自动动驾驾驶驶，而而且且会会将将完完全全无无人人驾驾驶驶汽汽车车和和有有人人驾驾驶驶汽汽车车放放到到一一个个平平等等的的法法律律地地位位上上，由由此此推推断
11、断，Dobrindt提提出出此此建建议议的的目目的的就就是是推推广广全自动驾驶。故选全自动驾驶。故选B项。项。答案解析464748495048.What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?A.It should get the attention of insurance panies.B.It should be the main concern of law makers.C.It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.D.It should involve no hu
12、man responsibility.解解析析细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据第第七七段段中中的的“When you say driverless cars，people expect driverless cars，” Merat says.“You knowno driver.”可可知知，人人们们认认为为的的无无人人驾驾驶驶汽汽车车，就就是是没没有有司司机机的的汽汽车车，当当然然也不该包括人的责任问题，故选也不该包括人的责任问题，故选D项。项。答案解析464748495049.Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright futu
13、re in .A.Singapore B.the UKC.the US D.Germany解解析析细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据最最后后一一段段中中的的“That would go down poorly in the US，however.”可可知知，无无人人驾驾驶驶汽汽车车作作为为公公共共交交通通方方式式在在美美国国反反响响却却很很差差，即即：在在美美国国，无无人人驾驾驶驶汽汽车车在在公公共共交交通通领领域域看看不不到到光光明明的的前景，因此选前景，因此选C项。项。答案解析4647484950解解析析标标题题归归纳纳题题。全全文文围围绕绕自自主主驾驾驶驶车车辆辆的的司司机机的的角角色色认认
14、定定以以及及谁谁该负法律责任的问题展开了讨论，故选该负法律责任的问题展开了讨论，故选A项。项。50.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Autonomous Driving：Whose Liability?B.Fully Automatic Cars：A New BreakthroughC.Autonomous Vehicles：Driver Removed!D.Driverless Cars：Root of Road Accidents答案解析4647484950名师点津一、题型解读一、题型解读词词义义猜猜测测题题基基本本上上是是阅阅
15、读读每每年年必必考考的的题题型型。词词义义猜猜测测是是一一种种阅阅读读技技巧巧和和能能力力，主主要要考考查查考考生生在在短短时时间间内内根根据据上上下下文文快快速速猜猜测测所所指指定定的的某某一一个个生生词词、词词组组或或者者句句子子含含义义的的能能力力，而而这这些些词词和和词词组组往往往往都都超超出出考考纲纲范范围围，但但在在文文章章阅阅读读中中起起到到一一定定的的作作用用。由由此此看看来来，对对于于生生词词的的理理解解是是否否准准确确，直直接接影影响响着着阅阅读读理理解解题题得得分分的的高高低低，对对能能否否取取得得好好的的高高考考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。成绩有着举足轻重的作用。词义猜测题
16、的命题方式有：词义猜测题的命题方式有：(1)What does the underlined word “.” probably mean?(2)The word “.” refers to/probably means .(3)The underlined word “.” could best be replaced by .(4)What do you think the expression “.” stands for?(5)By saying “.” we mean .“.” used in the passage can best be defined as .(6)Which
17、of the following words can take the place of the word “.”？二、解题技巧二、解题技巧巧用线索猜词义巧用线索猜词义1.根据定义、释义或同位语进行猜测根据定义、释义或同位语进行猜测有有些些文文章章，特特别别是是科科技技说说明明文文，作作者者通通常常会会对对一一些些关关键键词词或或专专业业术术语语下下定定义义，通通过过阅阅读读定定义义和和解解释释部部分分，考考生生便便可可理理解解该该词词或或短短语语的的意意思思。有有时时，需需要要猜猜测测的的单单词词或或短短语语后后面面会会紧紧跟跟一一个个同同位位语语，作作为为对对前前面面的的词词或或短短语语的
18、的解解释释说说明明。有有时时，文文章章会会用用冒冒号号、破破折折号号、括括号号等等对对某某个个词或短语加以解释说明。词或短语加以解释说明。例例如如：Taylors swift action helped her teammates calm down.One girl called 911.Two more ran to get the school nurse，who brought a defibrillator，an electronic device(器器械械) that can shock the heart back into work.Luck stayed with them：
19、Pariss heartbeat returned.分分析析：所所猜猜测测单单词词defibrillator后后面面出出现现了了同同位位语语“an electronic device(器器械械) that can shock the heart back into work”(一一个个可可以以电电击击心心脏脏使使其其重重新新工工作作的的电电子子器器械械)来来进进行行解解释释说说明明，我我们们可可推推知知其其词词义义应应为为“(心脏心脏)除颤器除颤器”。2.根据构词法进行猜测根据构词法进行猜测英英语语中中通通过过词词根根加加词词缀缀或或两两个个单单词词合合成成的的方方式式可可以以构构成成新新词词
20、。因因此此，掌握了一定的构词知识，再结合上下文语境，也可以快速猜测词义。掌握了一定的构词知识，再结合上下文语境，也可以快速猜测词义。例例如如：A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.分分析析：根根据据构构词词法法知知识识我我们们可可知知，un-为为否否定定前前缀缀，-ness为为名名词词后后缀缀，easy(舒适舒适)为词根。因此，我们可知为词根。因此，我们可知uneasiness为为“不安；担忧不安；担忧”之意。之意。3.根据因果关系进行猜测根据因果关系进行猜测在在阅阅读读理理解解文文
21、章章的的句句子子或或段段落落中中，若若两两个个事事物物或或两两种种现现象象之之间间构构成成因因果果关关系系，这这时时我我们们可可以以根根据据这这种种因因果果逻逻辑辑关关系系推推断断词词或或短短语语的的含含义义。表表示示因因果果关关系系的的标标志志词词有有because，so，thus，therefore，as a result of，since，so that，so/such.that.等。等。例例如如：My son could not follow the teachers directions，he told me，and thus，Scola was disrupting the cla
22、ss.Didnt he know my son did not speak English yet?试试题题：What does the underlined word “disrupting” probably mean?A.Breaking. B.Following.C.Attending. D.Disturbing.分分析析：画画线线单单词词所所在在的的句句子子出出现现了了因因果果关关系系标标志志词词thus，由由前前面面的的原原因因“我我儿儿子子听听不不懂懂老老师师的的指指示示”可可以以推推知知，“他他因因此此认认为为我我儿儿子子Scola干扰了课堂干扰了课堂”，故选，故选D项。其余三
23、项都不符合这一因果逻辑关系。项。其余三项都不符合这一因果逻辑关系。4.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测根据同义或近义关系进行猜测在在画画线线单单词词或或短短语语前前后后有有时时会会出出现现与与之之同同义义或或近近义义的的词词语语或或结结构构，它它往往往往暗暗示示了了该该词词或或该该短短语语的的含含义义，这这时时可可从从熟熟悉悉的的词词语语中中推推知知生生词词或或短短语语的的含含义义。常常见见的的表表示示相相同同或或相相近近意意义义的的词词和和短短语语有有and，or，like，as well，similarly，too，also，either等。等。例例如如：The fine selection o
24、f the major works was done in close collaboration(合合作作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Florida.试题：试题：What does the underlined word “contributions” refer to?A.Artworks. B.Projects.C.Dona
25、tions. D.Documents.分分析析：画画线线单单词词contributions前前出出现现了了and，可可利利用用同同义义或或近近义义关关系系进进行行猜猜测测。and前前面面提提到到了了“The fine selection of the major works”(精精选选的的重重要要作作品品)，后后面面说说contributions来来自自其其他他机机构构，由由并并列列关关系系可可以以推推断断 出出 contributions应应 该该 属属 于于 works的的 范范 畴畴 ， 同同 时时 文文 中中 明明 确确 表表 示示contributions是来自是来自museum的，
26、故选的，故选A项。项。5.根据反义、转折和对比关系进行猜测根据反义、转折和对比关系进行猜测有有些些需需要要猜猜测测词词义义的的词词或或短短语语前前后后会会出出现现表表示示转转折折或或对对比比的的词词语语，运运用用这这些些词词语语也也可可以以帮帮助助猜猜测测词词义义。能能体体现现转转折折、对对比比关关系系的的词词汇汇很很多多，常常见见的的有有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead (of)，on the other hand，rather than，on the contrary等。等。例例如如：In the evening，rides are usually
27、at a more relaxed and unhurried pace，with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals ing out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are，rides at this time of day are still very impressive.试题：试题：What does the underlined word “sedate” probably mean?A.Wild and romantic.B.Slow and peace
28、ful.C.Hungry and thirsty.D.Active and excited.分分析析：画画线线词词语语所所在在句句子子的的句句意意为为“虽虽然然它它们们 ，但但是是在在一一天天的的这这个个时时候候骑骑马马观观赏赏仍仍然然令令人人印印象象非非常常深深刻刻。”由由though可可知知前前后后两两句句是是转转折折关关系系，再再结结合合前前一一句句中中提提到到的的“at a more relaxed and unhurried pace”可知，应选可知，应选B项，项，sedate意为意为“不慌不忙的不慌不忙的”。6.根据上下文进行猜测根据上下文进行猜测有有些些词词义义猜猜测测题题找找不
29、不到到以以上上标标志志线线索索，这这时时可可以以利利用用上上下下文文提提供供的的情情景景和和线线索索进进行行合合乎乎逻逻辑辑的的综综合合分分析析，进进而而推推测测词词义义，这这也也是是近近几几年年来来高考考查的热点。高考考查的热点。例例 如如 ： There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette，but youll need a warm，sheltered place
30、 with perfect soil to grow it，so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.试试题题：What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” probably mean?A.A practical idea. B.A vain hope.C.A brilliant plan. D.A selfish desire.分分析析：根根据据连连接接词词so可可知知上上下下文文之之间间存存在在着着因因果果关关系系，故故我我们们需需要要从从上上文文中中寻寻找找答答案案。
31、由由上上文文中中的的“One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette，but youll need a warm，sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it.”可可知知，尽尽管管Orleans Reinette是是很很好好的的品品种种，但但是是对对各各项项条条件件的的要要求求很很高高，因因此此大大多多数数喜喜欢欢它它的的人人种种植植它它的的希希望望会会落落空。故选空。故选B项。项。随堂限时练A(2018天津部分区县二模天津部分区县二模)I grew up o
32、n a 50-acre farm in the small rural munity of Catawissa，Missouri，as the sixth of seven children.My parents often noted during meals how everything on the table except the sugar and flour came from the land.Besides running the farm，Dad was also a carpenter.In the fall of 1970，he was working on a hous
33、e when the ladder broke.His back was fractured in two places.He stayed in the hospital for three weeks with his head and feet down，permitting his back to be straight correctly so the bones would bine.On Thanksgiving， Dad was still in the hospital.We always butchered hogs the day after the holiday，an
34、d that year my uncle showed up with a couple of cousins to help my three elder brothers prepare our years supply of pork.After Dad returned home，he was in a back brace and unable to work.I was too young to realize our family had no money ing in as Christmas approached.One night we heard a car ing up
35、 the long driveway.We kids were curious about who was visiting.Peggy Phelan was at the door，holding an envelope filled with money.She told my dad she had collected money in the munity and was there to deliver it.He tried to protest but Peggy would have none of it.I can still hear her saying，“Archie，
36、whenever someones baler(打打包包机机) is broken，you bale their hay.Someone passes away，Altha is cooking.Its our turn.” That evening， this 6-year-old understood what being a good neighbor was，and that because her parents were good neighbors，their kindness would be returned.I learned later that my moms sist
37、ers all “adopted” one of us kids to help with Christmas，and we received gift baskets from more than one organization.My parents were used to being the givers and not the receivers of such generosity.They had a bit of pride to swallow，but continued all of their lives to show us kids the value of kind
38、ness.1.We know the writers father was very .A.hard-working B.unkindC.strict D.mean解解析析细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据文文章章第第一一段段最最后后一一句句“Besides running the farm，Dad was also a carpenter.”可知，作者的父亲是很勤劳的。可知，作者的父亲是很勤劳的。答案解析12345解解析析词词义义猜猜测测题题。根根据据画画线线词词所所在在句句的的后后一一句句“He stayed in the hospital for three weeks with his h
39、ead and feet down，permitting his back to be straight correctly so the bones would bine.”可可知知，作作者者的的父父亲背部骨折，亲背部骨折，“fractured”是是“折断折断”的意思。的意思。2.The underlined word “fractured” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”.”.A.connected B.brokenC.arranged D.transformed答案解析12345解解析析细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据文文章章第第三三段段中中的的“.th
40、at year my uncle showed up with a couple of cousins to help my three elder brothers prepare our years supply of pork.After Dad returned home，he was in a back brace and unable to work.I was too young to realize our family had no money ing in as Christmas approached.”可可知知，作作者者的的叔叔叔叔到到他他家帮忙准备圣诞节。家帮忙准备圣
41、诞节。3.Why did the writers uncle go to his house? A.To visit his sick father.B.To give them money.C.To spend holiday together.D.To help prepare for Christmas.答案解析12345解解 析析 推推 理理 判判 断断 题题 。 根根 据据 第第 四四 段段 的的 句句 子子 “Archie， whenever someones baler(打打包包机机) is broken，you bale their hay.Someone passes awa
42、y，Altha is cooking.Its our turn.”可知，作者的父母是乐于助人的。可知，作者的父母是乐于助人的。4.What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A.The authors father liked to bale the hay.B.Peggy Phelan was a delivery man.C.The authors parents were helpful to others.D.We were curious about Peggy Phelan.答案解析12345解解析析主主旨旨大大意意题题。根根据据文文章章内内容容：父父母
43、母乐乐于于帮帮助助邻邻里里，而而当当父父亲亲受受伤伤不不能能劳劳作作时时，也也得得到到了了来来自自大大家家的的帮帮助助，再再结结合合第第五五段段可可知知，文文章章体体现现的的是是“好好心心有有好好报报”。No pains，no gains一一分分耕耕耘耘一一分分收收获获；Great minds think alike英英雄雄所所见见略略同同；Misfortune may be an actual blessing塞塞翁翁失失马马，焉焉知知非非福福；Good will be rewarded with good好好心心有好报。故选有好报。故选D项。项。5.Which of the followi
44、ng can match the passage? A.No pains，no gains.B.Great minds think alike.C.Misfortune may be an actual blessing.D.Good will be rewarded with good.答案解析12345B(2018河北区二模河北区二模)As the pace of life continues to increase，we are fast losing the art of relaxation.Once you are in the habit of rushing through l
45、ife，being on the go from morning till night，it is hard to slow down.But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it.In fact，it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be.A certain amount of stress is vital to p
46、rovide motivation and give purposes to life.It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual.Some people are not afraid of stress，and such characters are obviously prime
47、material for managerial responsibilities，others lose heart at the first sign of unusual difficulties.When exposed to stress，in whatever form，we react both chemically and physically.In fact，we make the choice between “fight or flight” and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between
48、 life or death.The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme，but however little the stress is，it involves the same response.It is when such a reaction lasts long，through continued exposure to stress，that health bees endangered.Since we cant remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise t
49、o do so even if we could)，we need to find ways to deal with it.解解析析推推理理判判断断题题。由由第第一一段段第第二二句句“Once you are in the habit of rushing through life，being on the go from morning till night，it is hard to slow down.”(一一旦旦你你养养成成了了匆匆匆匆忙忙忙忙的的习习惯惯，从从早早到到晚晚都都在在忙忙碌碌，就就很很难难放放慢慢脚脚步步。)可可推推知知，人人们们无无法法放放松松自自己己主主要要是是因因
50、为为比比以以前前任何时候都要忙碌。任何时候都要忙碌。6.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because .A.they regard working as their greatest enjoymentB.they believe that work is superior to relaxationC.they are traveling fast all the timeD.they are being busier with their work than ever before答案解析6789
51、10解解析析细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据第第三三段段第第二二句句“Some people are not afraid of stress， and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities，others lose heart at the first sign of unusual difficulties.”(有有些些人人不不怕怕压压力力，这这样样的的人人显显然然在在管管理理责责任任方方面面起起着着主主要要作作用用，其其他他人人在在出出现现异异常常困困难难的的第第一一个个迹迹象
52、象时时就就丧丧失失了了信信心心。)可知，当好管理者的优良品质是要具有坚强的抵制压力的意志。可知，当好管理者的优良品质是要具有坚强的抵制压力的意志。7.According to the author，the most important character for a good manager is his .A.strong will to hold out stress B.knowing the art of relaxationC.high sense of responsibility D.having control over performance答案解析6789108.Which
53、 of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.We can find quite a few ways to avoid stress.B.Stress is always harmful to peoples health.C.Its easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work.D.Different people can bear different amount of stress.解解析析推推理理判判断断题题。由由第第三三段段第第一
54、一句句“The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual.”可可知知，一一个个人人能能承承受受的的压压力力很很大大程程度度上上取取决决于于个个人人。即即不不同同的的人人所所能能承承受受的的压压力力是是不不同的，故选同的，故选D。答案解析6789109.In the last sentence of the passage，“do so” refers to .A.expose ourselves to stressB.find ways to deal with stressC.rem
55、ove stress from our livesD.establish links between diseases and stress解解析析词词义义猜猜测测题题。由由“Since we cannot remove stress from our lives”(我我们们无无法法消消除除生生活活中中的的压压力力)可可知知，括括号号里里的的内内容容是是对对前前文文的的解解释，故释，故do so指的是指的是“消除生活中的压力消除生活中的压力”，故选，故选C。答案解析67891010.According to the author，the right attitude toward stress
56、 is .A.to avoid itB.to try to cope with itC.to regard it as a vital motivationD.to find some relaxation解解析析观观点点态态度度题题。根根据据最最后后一一段段最最后后一一句句“Since we cant remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could)，we need to find ways to deal with it.”可可知知，我我们们需需要要找找到到应应对对压压力力的的方方法法。故选故选B。答案解析678910
